润滑条件对圆管镦挤法兰成形的影响

对圆管镦挤法兰成形工艺进行了详细的研究 ,采用有限元数值模拟方法分析了润滑条件对成形过程中金属流动的影响及缺陷产生的原因 .给出了两种内径、三种壁厚情况下成形法兰宽度 -摩擦系数关系曲线 ,并进行了圆管镦挤法兰成形试验 ,数值模拟结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性 .     

制动管一体式法兰接头热镦挤成形工艺仿真分析

目的 针对铁路货车空气管路制动系统中焊接法兰接头连接质量不佳的问题,提出一种制动管一体式法兰接头热镦挤工艺。方法 分析了制动管用AISI321不锈钢的高温变形行为并构建了本构方程,并通过DEFORM–2D软件对制动管件法兰接头热镦挤工艺进行了数值模拟。结果 应力–应变曲线在低应变速率时呈现稳态流动,但在高应变速率下会出现明显的波动。本构方程得到的应力计算值与试验真实值的相关系数为0.986,平均相对误差为6.7%。在热镦挤工艺成形法兰接头过程中,挤压阶段的最大应力位于制动管扩径的圆锥面处;镦粗阶段的最大应力位于法兰接头平面成形处,并最终转移至法兰接头的圆角处。结论 建立的本构方程能够反映AISI 321不锈钢真实应力–真实应变的关系,可用于描述该材料在热镦挤成形工艺中的塑性变形行为。在该制动管一体式法兰接头热镦挤成形过程的镦粗阶段,摩擦因数保持在0.3以下能够有效降低镦粗力。     

基于有限元的法兰轴结构件塑性成形工艺分析

目的 针对法兰轴结构件塑性成形过程复杂、工序繁琐、成形效率低、材料易折叠等问题,基于塑性成形理论,对汽车法兰轴零件进行工艺分析,提出2种冷镦成形方案,对法兰轴结构件进行塑性成形工艺研究。方法 分析汽车法兰轴的几何特征,采用有限元分析软件对2种冷镦成形方案的成形载荷进行模拟比较,确定较为合理的工艺方案,通过正交试验设计进一步进行工艺参数的优化,选取预成形角度A、摩擦因数B、冷镦速度C、终成形圆角直径R作为4个因素,每个因素对应3个水平,并以成形载荷大小作为考核指标。结果 通过有限元数值模拟技术,得到工艺1各工序载荷分别为403、521 kN,工艺2各工序载荷分别为226、518 kN。可知工艺2比工艺1效率高,模具使用寿命更长。最后通过正交试验法获得各因素对成形载荷影响大小的排序为：摩擦因数>冷镦速度>终成形圆角直径>预成形角度,最优工艺组合为：预成形角度19°,摩擦因数0.2,冷镦速度15 mm/s,终成形圆角直径3 mm。结论 工艺2的冷镦成形方案缩短了锻件生产试验过程和修模时间,能够满足设计要求,为实际生产金属零部件提供了理论依据。     

法兰轴热挤压工艺设计及分析

目的以某型号法兰轴为研究对象,为了制取性能和结构合格的法兰轴。方法对其进行了结构及加工工艺分析,确定了成形工艺方案为:下料→正挤轴部→顶镦头部→反挤法兰及内腔。根据该工艺,建立了法兰轴的三维模型,利用有限元分析软件对法兰轴的成形缺陷进行了分析,并进行了工艺改进,以获得合格的零件。结果改进后的工艺可以制取合格的零件。结论此工艺方法对实际生产有指导价值。     

Role of Friction in Cold Ring Rolling

1. Introduction Cold ring rolling is a main technology used to manu- facture various precise seamless ring shape parts. It has been increasingly used in many industrial fields such as bearing, machine, automobile, petrochemicals, aeronau- tics, astronautics and atomic energy because of its many technical superiorities such as considerable saving in en- ergy and material cost, high quality, high efficiency, and low noise, etc. To research and develop advanced precise cold ring rolling technolog…     

法兰盘热挤压工艺设计

以法兰盘为研究对象,对法兰盘进行了结构及工艺性分析,并对变形程度进行了校核,拟定了先镦挤法兰和台阶,然后分步成形中心孔的工艺方案。 利用有限元分析软件对法兰盘成形过程进行了模拟分析,预测了法兰盘成形过程中的缺陷,缩短了试模周期。 用方案一镦挤法兰和台阶时变形量过大,无法同时成形,因此提出先成形法兰后成形台阶的方案二,但成形台阶时坯料受力不均匀且变形量很大,也无法成形。方案三先成形台阶,后成形法兰,最后反挤中心孔,并对成形过程各工步成形载荷进行了校核,结果显示,各工步成形效果良好,单工步最大载荷及总的载荷均满足设备要求。     

Q690钢管塔柔性法兰极限承载力试验研究及有限元分析

该文研究了Q690高强钢管塔柔性法兰极限承载力。为考察这种法兰的受力性能、破坏模式及螺栓的应力分布,以1000kV钢管塔上的连接法兰为背景,进行了2个法兰足尺试件试验。同时,对试验模型进行了非线性有限元数值分析。试验与有限元分析结果表明:所设计的高强钢柔性法兰受力合理,满足工程应用;节点的薄弱部位位于主材与法兰板连接处;对于高强钢法兰螺栓受力修正系数可适当减小,建议 取0.62;同时建议考虑钢管壁厚对节点承载力的影响。     

Effect of displacement and approach speed on boundary friction in metal forming

This paper investigates the effect of relative displacement between tool and work piece surfaces on the boundary friction force, as well as the effect of the approach speed on it. Fundamental relations between the coefficient of friction and the friction factor are developed, so that the variable friction stress along the surface of contact can be desribed as a function of approach displacement and approach speed. The strain state is encountered in these relations. A mathematical model for the friction hill of plain upsetting (plane strain and axial symmetric) is derived on bases of the proposed friction analysis via the elementary theory of plasticity. Experiments are run on cold upsetting of mild steel with different lubricants, as a supporting laboratory data.     

Investigations on the material property changes of ultrasonic-vibration assisted aluminum alloy upsetting

Numerous studies have shown the benefit of ultrasonic-vibration assisted metal forming. This benefit include a reduction in forming forces, which might be attributed to the superposition of stress, increased temperatures, the effects of interface friction, and energy absorption of dislocation. This study conducts a series of experiments and analyses to investigate the main mechanisms of a reduction in forming forces during ultrasonic-vibration assisted A6061-T6 aluminum alloy upsetting.The findings of this research confirm that, under frictionless conditions, ultrasonic vibration still reduced forming forces, and ultrasonic vibration can increase the temperature of specimens and soften specimen surface during upsetting. From metallographic analyses and micro-hardness tests, the results reveal that energy absorption of dislocation was occurred during upsetting, which also contribute to the reduction of forming force.This research concludes that the mechanisms of increased temperatures and energy absorption of dislocation can affect the material property and make a reduction in forming forces; however, the interface friction effect has nothing to do with a reduction in forming forces.     

方盒件拉深法兰区不均匀流动的模拟分析

盒形件及一些复杂形状的零件在拉深成形时,由于其形状的非轴对称性,变形沿变形区的周边分布是不均匀的,往往会造成各种形式的缺陷.利用开发的动力显式弹塑性有限元程序FEMStamping模拟了NUMISHEET'93国际会议的标准考题之一方盒形件的拉深成形过程,分析了摩擦系数、压边力和凹模圆角半径等工艺参数及毛坯形状与尺寸对法兰变形区材料不均匀流动的影响规律,给出了改善方盒形件成形质量的一些工艺措施.     

轴对称件扭压成形的粘塑性有限元分析

运用体积微可压缩法的三维刚粘塑性有限元方法.对轴对称体的扭压成形变形规律进行了模拟分析.结果表明:与一般镦粗成形相比,扭压成形具有可促使变形均匀、增加变形量等优点.     

基于响应面法的大型锥筒件内凸缘缩口成形工艺参数优化

目的 探究大型锥筒件内凸缘缩口成形的最佳工艺参数。方法 首先,根据内凸缘缩口成形的工艺原理,使用三维软件构建内凸缘缩口成形的仿真模型,并用Deform进行仿真成形。在此基础上,以缩口件高度和成形载荷作为内凸缘成形质量的判断依据,基于响应面法得到关于缩口件高度和成形载荷的回归预测模型。分析不同的摩擦因数、挤压速度和凹模锥度对内凸缘成形质量的影响,优化得到最佳的成形工艺参数,最后进行物理试验验证。结果 通过响应面法拟合得到了缩口件高度和成形载荷关于3因素的多元非线性模型,模型通过F检验得出的显著性概率P值均小于0.000 1,失拟项值均大于0.05,且模型预测值与试验模拟值的关系接近直线,充分说明了该数学模型的合理性。当摩擦因数为0.3、挤压速度为3 mm/s、凹模锥度为9°时,毛坯的成形载荷最小,为90 k N,缩口件高度最低,为1 350 mm,与模型预测相比,误差均小于10%。结论 优化后的工艺参数使内凸缘成形质量高、表面光滑无缺陷、成形载荷小,为大型锥筒的内凸缘成形工艺提供了参考。     

模拟参数对橡皮成形TB5钛合金凸弯边起皱模拟的影响

目的 针对高强钛合金成形时遇到的起皱问题,引入有限元模拟技术。方法 利用MATLAB对模拟结果的峰高进行量化。以橡皮成形TB5钛合金的凸弯边为考察对象,对板料初始网格、加载时间、加载方式及与橡皮接触的摩擦等模拟参数建立正交设计表L9(34),应用ABAQUS/Explicit模拟起皱,全面研究模拟参数对皱纹的影响。结果 研究全面评估了模拟参数对起皱模拟结果的影响,板料网格是影响起皱的最重要因素。结论 试验证明了TB5钛合金拥有良好的冷成形性能,但在成形过程中有起皱问题。     

Effect of deformation condition on axial compressive precision forming process of tube with curling die

The effect of the deformation condition on the axial compressive precision forming process of tube with curling die was investigated by using a rigid-plastic FEM. The results show that the forming accuracy depends mainly on geometric condition r(ρ)/d(0), little on tube material properties and friction condition, the relative gap Delta /2r(ρ) of double-walled tubes obtained decreases with increasing r(ρ)/d(0), and there is a parameter k for a given t(0)/d(0) or r(ρ)/t(0), when r(ρ)/d0 > k, Delta /2r(ρ) < 1, otherwise /2r(ρ) > 1.     

铝合金由对称法兰件热挤压成形极限的理论分析

对铝合金轴对称零件热挤压成形进行了理论分析,总结出零件成形极限的影响因素及规律.通过建立法兰类轴对称零件在热挤压成形过程中变形区应力计算的力学模型,得出应力变化和法兰区外径最大尺寸的表达式.并通过不同应力状态下临界尺寸表达式的对比,分析径向压力P、材料与模具之间的摩擦力τ以及法兰区厚度t对法兰区外径最大尺寸Rmax的影...     

凸缘的翻孔镦粗过程研究

目的研究不变薄凸缘的翻孔件的翻孔镦粗成形过程。方法采用有限元模拟软件ABAQUS,对不变薄凸缘的翻孔件的翻孔镦粗过程建立了平面二维对称的有限元模型,并进行了有限元计算分析;完成了模具设计,并在1000 kN的伺服压力机上进行了实验。结果当凹模圆角为1.2 mm,凸凹模间隙在0.80~0.86之间时,单次镦粗可以获得与初始坯料厚度一致的凸缘。结论凹模圆角大小及凸凹模间隙大小对不变薄凸缘翻孔凸缘质量有着重要的影响,并最终影响凸缘的镦粗过程。     

Methods of determining Stress-Strain Curves by upsetting cylindrical test-pieces

The upsetting test is mainly used for determining stress-strain curves in the range of high strains. Three modifications of the upsetting test are described: upsetting conventional lubricated specimens, upsetting Rastegaev specimens with end recesses, and upsetting under sticking friction conditions. Each of these procedures offers special advantages. For example, in the Rastegaev test, the specimen remains cylindrical up to a high strain while the work required for friction cannot be neglected. By upsetting under sticking friction conditions, no work is required for friction, but the specimen's shape deviates strongly from that one of a cylinder (barrelling). Proposals are made concerning unified procedures for carrying out the tests.     

Observations of barrelling in aluminium solid cylinders during cold upsetting using different lubricants

Abstract

This work deals with experimental derivation of friction factor values m for different lubricants and their combinations using ring compression tests and standard ring geometry 6:3:2. The values thus obtained were used to generate data on cold upsetting of annealed aluminium solid cylinders. Two aspect ratios and three strain levels were considered for the upsetting experiment. Calculations were made with the assumption that the curvature of the bulge followed a circular arc. The measured radius of curvature of the bulge was shown to agree with the value calculated using experimental data. Relationships were established between various bulge parameters such as new hoop strain, hydrostatic stress, geometrical shape factor, and stress ratio factor, and the friction factor m of different lubricants.