超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强复合材料的性能研究

采用一种结构与超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维相似、且对纤维表面具有良好浸润性的碳氢树脂(PCH)作基体,通过层压成型方法制得UHMWPE/PCH复合材料.研究了复合材料的力学性能、介电性能、吸湿性能及界面黏结性能.结果表明,UHMWPE/PCH复合材料介电性能优异、力学性能好、耐湿热性能较佳、界面黏结性能好,可用作高性能透微波复合材料.     

动态光交联法制备PP/EPDM热塑性弹性体的力学及热性能

采用动态光交联法制备了PP/EPDM热塑性弹性体。动态力学热分析(DM TA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及力学性能测试表明:动态光交联能明显提高PP与EPDM间的相容性,从而显著提高PP/EPDM热塑性弹性体的拉伸性能和缺口冲击强度。并结合DM TA、差热扫描量热仪(DSC)等手段,证实了动态光交联过程中产生了少量的接枝共聚物PP-g-EPDM。     

Impact Resistance of Short Fibre/Particle Reinforced Epoxy

The influence of temperature on the fracture behaviour of epoxy-based composites was studied using an instrumented Charpy impact approach. A series of epoxy reinforced with short carbon fibres (SCF) and additionally filled with various amounts of PTFE and graphite particles was considered in this study. Unnotched specimens were tested at –196°C, 20°C, and 70°C, respectively. It was found that, for specimens with the same matrix content, a proper hybridisation of composites was possible to achieve a better impact performance compared to single-filler/epoxy. For example, 10 vol.%PTFE+10 vol.%SCF/epoxy exhibited a higher impact resistance than that of 20 vol.%SCF/epoxy at all measured temperatures. Failure mechanisms at different temperatures were discussed with SEM fractography.     

Lignocellulosic Fibre Reinforced Caseinate Plastics

Caseinate plastics were reinforced with two lignocellulosic fibres, i.e. wood pulp fibre and flax bast fibre by means of kneading and subsequent injection moulding. The tensile modulus increased from 200 MPa for the unfilled plastic to 1200 MPa at 20 wt% fibre addition. Simultaneously, the tensile strength increased from 6 to 30 MPa going from 0 to 20 wt% fibre incorporation. These results indicate a good interaction between the fibres and the mainly hydrophilic caseinate matrix.     

剑麻纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的动态力学性能、力学性能和热性能

采用碱处理方法对剑麻纤维(SF)进行处理、细化,通过模压成型制备剑麻纤维/酚醛树脂(SF/PF)复合材料.采用动态力学(DMA)、力学性能、热膨胀性能等测定研究了剑麻纤维的加入量对复合材料的动态力学性能、冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、比强度、比模量、耐磨性能、热膨胀性能的影响,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了材料冲击断面和磨损面的形态.结果表明,制得的SF/PF复合材料的α转变温度提高,贮存模量提高,材料的力学性能和耐磨性得到显著改善,加入SF的复合材料的冲击断裂面出现明显的纤维拔出形态,材料的磨损面呈现粘着磨损特征形态.     

TiN-Al2O3纳米复合材料的力学性能和导电性能

以纳米TiN和α-Al2O3粉体为原料,采用球磨混合法制备了纳米TiN-Al2O3复合粉体,通过热压烧结得到致密烧结体.研究了纳米TiN颗粒对Al2O3材料力学性能和导电性能的影响,实验结果表明:在Al2O3基体中加入15vol％TiN纳米颗粒时,Al2O3材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别从370MPa和3.4MPa·m1/2提高到690MPa和5.1MPa·m1/2,随着TiN添加量的增加,复合材料的电阻率逐渐降低,在25vol％TiN时达到最低值(6.5×10-3Ω·cm).     

原位反应TiB2／Cu-Zr复合材料的力学与电学性能

研究了自生ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ｃｕ－Ｚｒ复合材料的力学性能和电学性能。研究结果表明：在最优工艺下,复合材料具有较好的综合性能。抗拉强度为３８１ＭＰａ,显微硬度为Ｈｖ１３８,电导率为８１．６６％ＩＡＣＳ。在此基础上,对该材料的断裂机理和导电机制进行了初步的探讨。     

Wood Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Fibre Geometry and Coupling Agent on Physico-Mechanical Properties

Wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composites at fibre content 50% by weight have been prepared and different types of wood fibres (hard wood fibre, soft wood fibre, long wood fibre and wood chips) were treated with coupling agent (MAH-PP) to increase the interfacial adhesion with the matrix to improve the dispersion of the particles and to decrease the water sorption properties of the final composite.The present study investigated the tensile, flexural, charpy impact and impact properties of wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composites as a function of coupling agent and fibre length and structure.From the results it is observed that wood chips-PP composites showed better tensile and flexural properties comparative with the other wood fibre-PP composites with the addition of 5%MAH-PP, which is around 65% and 50% for tensile strength and flexural strength respectively. Hard wood fibre-PP composites showed better impact characteristic values comparative to other wood fibre-PP composites with the addition of 5%MAH-PP and damping index decreased about to 60%. Charpy impact strength also increased up to 60% with the addition of 5%MAH-PP for long wood fibre-PP composites. Water absorption and scanning electron microscopy of the composites are also investigated.     

PC/CF共混体系的加工流变性能与力学性能

利用微量双螺杆挤出机(Hakke MiniLabⅡ,Rheomex CTW5),通过熔融共混挤出注塑的方法,在聚碳酸酯(PC)中添加炭纤维(CF)进行复合增强。实验对共混物加工过程中的流变行为进行了分析,研究了炭纤维含量对复合材料力学性能的影响,探讨了其黏度与力学性能变化的机理,由扫描电子显微镜观测拉伸及冲击破坏的试样断面形态。结果表明,当CF质量分数为2%时,复合材料非牛顿指数n值最小,假塑性最强,易于加工;同时,复合材料的综合力学性能也最为优异。扫描电镜照片显示,拉伸破坏的主要方式为界面脱胶,而冲击破坏的主要方式为纤维断裂。     

Mechanical Properties of Natural-Fibre-Mat- Reinforced Thermoplastics based on Flax Fibres and Polypropylene

Thermoplastic composites based on flax fibres and a polypropylene (PP) matrix were manufactured using (i) a film-stacking method based on random fibre mats and (ii) a paper making process based on chopped fibres. The influence of fibre length and fibre content on stiffness, strength and impact strength of these so-called natural-fibre-mat-reinforced thermoplastics (NMTs) is reported and compared with data for glass-mat-reinforced thermoplastics (GMTs), including the influence of the use of maleic-anhydride grafted PP for improved interfacial adhesion. In addition some preliminary data on the influence of fibre diameter on composite stiffness and strength is reported. The data is compared with the existing micro-mechanical models for strength and stiffness. A good agreement was found between theory and experiment in case of stiffness whereas in the case of strength the experimental values fall well below the theoretical predictions. Results indicated that NMTs are of interest for low-cost engineering applications and can compete with commercial GMTs when a high stiffness per unit weight is desirable. Results also indicated that future research towards significant improvements in tensile and impact strength of these types of composites should focus on the optimisation of fibre strength rather than interfacial bond strength.     

Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic

The use of natural fibres instead of man made fibres, as reinforcements in thermoplastics, gives interesting alternatives for production of low cost and ecologically friendly composites. In this work different commercially available semi-finished natural fibre mat reinforced thermoplastics (NMT) composites have been studied. Mechanical properties and microstructure of different NMT composites were investigated and compared to conventional GMT (glass fibre mat reinforced thermoplastic) composites and pure polypropylene (PP). The study included also NMT composites manufacturing processing parameters as processing temperatures and pressure during compression moulding. The results showed that NMT composites have a high stiffness compared to pure polymer and the NMT with a high fibre content (50% by weight) showed even better stiffness than the GMT. The GMT composites had superior strength and impact properties compared to the NMT which might be due to the relatively low strength of the natural fibres but also to poor adhesion to the PP matrix. The NMT materials showed a large dependence on direction and are therefore believed to have more fibres oriented in one direction. The stronger direction (0°) of the NMT was in some cases as much as 45% better than the 90° direction.     

sPS与iPP共混体系的力学性能、热性能及形态结构

采用SEM研究了B30/iPP,B30/sPS和sPS/iPP/B30共混体系的相形态结构。结果表明,B30/iPP,B30/sPS可相容;sPS/iPP是不相容体系,但B30可作为sPS/iPP共混体系的相容剂。DSC结果表明,加入适量的相容剂B30,共混体系中iPP玻璃化温度(iPP-Tg)随B30加入量增加而逐渐升高,而sPS玻璃化温度(sPS-Tg)随B30加入量增加而逐渐降低。在最佳配比条件下,共混物的力学性能比均聚物的要好.共混体系sPS/iPP/B30=90/10/10的无缺口冲击强度为42.3 kJ/m2,拉伸强度为33.7 MPa。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维/有机玻璃复合材料力学及摩擦磨损性能研究

用真空浸渍法制备出了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维／有机玻璃(即UHMWPE／PMMA)复合材料，并研究了其力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。实验证明，UHMWPE／PMMA复合材料具有优良的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。纤维表面处理可以改善复合材料的力学性能。三维编织纤维增强的复合材料的磨损量远小于长纤维增强的复合材料的，但其摩擦系数没有显著变化。     

PP/PC共混材料的力学性能和断裂力学

采用双螺杆挤出机制备了以PP-g-MAH和PP-g-GMA为增容剂、PF为增容助剂的一系列配方的PP/PC共混物,由注射机制样,通过力学性能对比了不同增容体系的增容效果。用J积分的方法表征了PP/PC共混物的断裂韧性。结果表明,PP-g-GMA增容效果优于PP-g-MAH,且PP/PP-g-GMA/PC/PF(70/10/20/1)共混物具有较好的综合力学性能。     

尼龙11/POE共混物的形态与力学性能

采用动态力学分析(DMTA)和扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究了相容剂乙烯辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐聚合物(POE-g-MAH)对尼龙11(PA11)共混体系力学性能及共混物形态的影响。结果表明,混合弹性体中m(POE-g-MAH)/m(POE)=2∶1时,PA11共混物的缺口冲击强度达到81.2 kJ/m2;共混物缺口冲击强度对MAH接枝率敏感;加入混合弹性体,共混体系分子间的作用力增大,损耗峰向高温方向移动,Tg升高;PA11与POE各个共混体系的β松弛峰高显著低于纯PA11的,加入POE和POE-g-MAH可有效降低PA11的吸水性;POE-g-MAH可显著改善PA11/POE共混材料的相容性,使分散相尺寸减小,分布均匀,且材料缺口冲击强度显著增大。     

PA6/PTT共混物的吸水性和力学性能

由螺杆挤出机制备了尼龙6(PA6)和聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)的共混物PA6/PTT。通过浸水实验,结合扫描电镜观察和热分析,研究了不同组分PA6/PTT共混物的吸水性能,并进行了相关力学性能测试。结果表明,PA6/PTT共混物吸水率随PTT含量增加而减小,即PTT的加入有效抑制了PA6的吸水率;在相同吸水条件下,PA6/PTT共混物的一般力学性能明显优于PA6,当PTT含量为20%时,共混物吸水后的拉伸、弯曲强度分别较PA6提高了20.98%和71.73%。     

植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的研究

以聚丙烯（PP）、废瓦楞纸板制取的植物纤维为原料,采用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（MAH-g-PP）、铝酸酯偶联剂、铝钛偶联剂为界面相容剂,研究了植物纤维增强PP复合材料的力学性能。结果表明：未添加界面相容剂时,随着植物纤维用量的增加,复合材料冲击强度急剧下降,弯曲强度和拉伸强度上升;添加界面相容剂MAH—g—PP后。当植物纤维的质量分数为30％时,复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度均达到最大值;在MAH—g-PP、铝酸酯偶联剂、铝钛偶联剂三者中,MAH—g—PP改善植物纤维与PP之间的界面相容性效果最佳;当MAH-g-PP添加质量为植物纤维添加质量的10％时,复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度及综合性能最佳。     

短切玻纤增强杂萘联苯聚醚砜共混树脂基复合材料的力学性能

在考察并优化不同基体树脂配方情况下,采用熔融混合的方式制备了不同含量的短切玻璃纤维增强二氮杂萘联苯聚芳醚砜(PPBES)/聚醚醚酮(PEEK)复合材料。并对复合材料不同温度下的力学性能进行了研究。玻璃纤维增强后,体系的拉伸强度大幅提高,其中30%玻璃纤维增强复合材料在150℃的拉伸强度稳定在91 MPa,具有优异的高温力学性能。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片表明复合材料中玻璃纤维和基体有较强的相互作用。