氯化氢废气的回收及治理

在原有氯化氢废气回收方法的基础上，提出了降膜吸收氯化氢废气的新方法，并取得了良好效果，环境污染也明显减少。     

氯化氢废气回收处理系统设计与应用

针对水处理剂生产中有害废气释放，利用负压抽吸引流物理吸收和化学吸收共同作用原理，研究和设计了废气的吸收装置，采用吸收剂分段循环和降温相结合的回收工艺，将此工艺应用于10000t／a水处理杀菌剂生产装置的氯化氢废气回收上，实验结果表明：可使氯化氢回收率达97．5％以上、盐酸质量分数达30％。     

工业废气中氯化氢含量的检测

工业的发展使工业废气排放量增加,工业废气中氯化氢含量影响着环境和人类的正常生活。国家对工业废气的排放做了严格的规定,在工业生产中测定废气中氯化氢含量的排放情况,为生产的正常运行提供信息,对环境保护有重要意义。本文采用酸碱中和滴定法测定,结果表明,该方法具有简单、快速、重现性好等优点。     

氯化氢废气的回收及治理

氯化氢废气的回收及治理周晓军（株洲化学工业集团公司氯碱厂·４１２００４）湖南衡阳烧碱厂用１：１盐酸酸溶铝矾土生产结晶氯化铝过程中，由于反应温度高，压缩空气搅拌时带出大量的氯化氢气体，加之加料方式不合理，所用的连续式加料斗中均未密闭，粉状的铝矾土与盐酸...     

用板式塔吸收氯化氢气体治理三废

生产合成盐酸过程中排放的废气—未被吸收的氯化氢气体,是环保监测站的重点监测项目。传统的治理方法是用填料塔吸收氯化氢气体,剩余的废气用鼓风机排空或用水喷射泵吸收后排入下水道。用填料塔作为氯化氢气体的第三级吸收塔的缺点是:塔身高大,使生产合成盐酸的设备标高高,给安装和今后的生产带来诸多不便。考虑到第二级吸收塔排出的氯化氢气体量不多又极易溶解于水等因素,采用体积     

电石法PVC含汞废酸处理系统

阐述了氯乙烯合成过程中过量的氯化氢气体回收处理的工艺流程:首先采用组合塔吸收净化氯乙烯气体,同时吸收氯化氢气体制取质量分数为31%的浓盐酸;然后采用浓盐酸解吸系统、稀盐酸深度解吸/负压浓缩系统对浓盐酸进一步处理,得到高纯度氯化氢气体。整个系统闭路循环,没有多余废气、废酸排放。     

医疗废物焚烧废气中氯化氢的离子色谱法测定研究

以0．09mol／L碳酸钠和0．085mol／L碳酸氢钠的混合液为吸收液,同时串联两个多孔玻板吸收管两级吸收采样,采集医疗废物焚烧废气中的氯化氢,采样后用离子色谱法测定。当采样体积为10L时,氯化氢的检出限为0．4mg/m^3。实际水样的加标回收率为95．3％-101％。方法操作简便快速、准确、灵敏度高,完全满足环境监测对医疗废物焚烧废气中的氯化氢的测定。     

从排气中回收氯的装置

<正> 化工厂的氯化氢废气一般是经排气净化装置除去,再使其混入废水处理设备中进行处理,这时,为中和氯化氢,需要消耗大量烧碱等碱试剂。本文介绍一种氯化氢气体用水进行物理吸收后成30%盐酸溶液加以回收利用的方法(见图)。     

氯气、氯化氢、酰氯类废气处理工程实例

本课题采用碱液吸收法处理氯气和低浓度的氯化氢酸性废气,对酰氯类VOCs废气采用"碱吸收+活性炭吸附"处理工艺。研究结果表明:氯化氢、氯气一级碱吸收的去除率达到90%,酰氯类VOCs一级碱吸收的去除率达到50%,三氯甲苯、三氯苯一级碱吸收的去除率达到10%,三氯甲苯、三氯苯、酰氯类VOCs活性炭吸附的去除率达到80%。     

离子色谱法测定环境空气和废气中氯化氢的问题探讨

离子色谱法测定环境空气和废气中氯化氢较其他方法如硫氰酸汞分光光度法、硝酸银容量法等有所用试剂少、二次污染小、选择性好、准确灵敏、分析操作简单等优点,在环境监测领域得到广泛的应用,技术也日趋成熟.但在实际的应用过程中仍然存在一些需要注意的问题.本文从样品采集、分析测试两个方面对离子色谱法测定空气和废气中的氯化氢进行探讨,...     

甲基氢聚硅氧烷概况及合成进展

介绍了甲基氢聚硅氧烷在有机硅下游产品合成领域的作用以及理论研究价值,叙述了有机氢氯硅烷与有机氯硅烷共水解缩合法、有机氢氯硅烷与其他硅氧烷催化平衡法、有机氢氯硅烷（或与三甲基氯硅烷的混合物）先醇解后水解催化平衡法和含Si—Cl键的硅油还原法合成制备甲基全含氢硅油（高含氢硅油）．混合有机氯硅烷共水解缩合法和混合硅氧烷平衡法合成制备部分含氢硅油（低含氢硅油）的研究进展。探讨了各方法的优缺点。认为可以采用正压或常压进行非溶剂法水解反应,以石油醚为溶剂进行溶剂法水解反应;在水解物调聚之前．应采用相分离装置或别的过滤装置进行脱水和杂质．     

Constant concentration method of measuring hydrogen permeation from a hydrogen mixture with Pd membrane

The conventional flow method of measuring hydrogen permeation flux was found to be inaccurate and inadequate to obtain a consistent value of hydrogen flux and permeance because of changing hydrogen concentration along the palladium membrane tube in a hydrogen mixture. We designed a new method in which the hydrogen concentration was kept constant in the retentate. This constant concentration method was a more accurate measurement of hydrogen permeation flux in all of the possible hydrogen mixtures: H₂ + Y with Y = Ar, N₂ and CH₄ and various hydrogen concentrations under different pressure. Permselectivity of the hydrogen mixture was measured under this constant concentration method and was compared with both the conventional flow-through method and separate flow measurement of pure component gases. All three methods gave a different value of permselectivity for the same composite mixture.This method enables us to measure hydrogen flux and permeance accurately in the corresponding composition of the mixture. We found that even with the same partial hydrogen pressure differential for Sieverts’ equation, the hydrogen flux and permeance decreased dramatically with the lowering of hydrogen concentration in the feed.     

A unified graphical method for integration of hydrogen networks with purification reuse

Introducing purifiers into hydrogen network can enhance the recovery and reuse of hydrogen in refineries, further reducing the consumption of fresh hydrogen. Based on previous graphical methods, this work proposes a simple and unified graphical method for integration of hydrogen networks with purification processes. Scenarios with different hydrogen concentrations of purified product can be analyzed by the unified procedure. As a result, the maximum hydrogen saved by purification reuse can be identified and the corresponding purification process can be optimized. The proposed method is easy and non-iterative, and it is valid to purification processes with any feed concentration. A conventional hydrogen network is analyzed to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

炼厂氢资源优化利用技术进展

综述了国内外氢气资源优化技术的进展情况,指出了现有方法存在的问题,提出了技术的未来发展方向:夹点方法以图形化的表现形式对系统瓶颈进行呈现,计算过程简单、易懂,但其忽略了压力、杂质等因素对氢气网络的影响,数学规划算法通过系统建模进行详细的模拟计算,其假定氢油比和氢分压的微量变化及杂质因素不会对装置操作和产品分布产生影响,在装置用氢条件变化不大时可实现氢气系统的效益最大化,而当装置用氢条件发生较大变化时这种假设无法成立,对加氢装置进行反应动力学建模工作可以克服这种缺陷。     

煤中碳氢元素分析方法的研究

利用全自动碳氢分析仪采用库仑分析方法对煤中碳氢元素分析进行研究。论述了其工作原理,试验条件、试验方法,并对试验结果的精密度和准确度进行分析,从而得出可用该方法进行煤中碳氢元素分析的结论。     

柴油加氢尾气中氢气的水合物法回收工业侧线试验

常规氢气回收方法的产品氢气压力偏低,需多级增压后才可被高压加氢装置利用,具有较高的氢气增压成本。水合物法回收加氢尾气具有压降损失小、产品氢气压力高的优点,可降低高压加氢装置的氢气增压成本。为降低高压加氢装置的用氢成本,本文开发了高压尾气的水合物法氢气回收技术。针对高压柴油加氢尾气,在茂名炼油厂建立了一套柴油加氢尾气中氢气水合物法回收的工业侧线试验装置,考察了不同条件下连续搅拌釜法回收柴油加氢尾气中氢气的分离效果。试验结果表明,水合物法可高效脱除CH₄和大部分的H₂S。连续进气工况下,处理脱硫后尾气时可将氢气体积分数从83.76%提高至91.65%,处理含硫尾气时可将H₂S体积分数从0.73%降至0.07%。     

Coupling pinch analysis and rigorous process simulation for hydrogen networks with light hydrocarbon recovery

In refineries, some hydrogen-rich streams contain considerable light hydrocarbons that are important raw materials for the chemical industry. Integrating hydrogen networks with light hydrocarbon recovery can enhance the reuse of both hydrogen and light hydrocarbons. This work proposes an automated method for targeting hydrogen networks with light hydrocarbon recovery. A pinch-based algebraic method is improved to determine the minimum fresh hydrogen consumption and hydrogen sources fed into the light hydrocarbon recovery unit automatically. Rigorous process simulation is conducted to determine the mass and energy balances of the light hydrocarbon recovery process. The targeting procedures are developed through combination of the improved pinch method and rigorous process simulation. This hybrid method is realized by coupling the Matlab and Aspen HYSYS platforms. A refinery hydrogen network is analyzed to illustrate application of the proposed method. The integration of hydrogen network with light hydrocarbon recovery further reduces fresh hydrogen requirement by 463.0 m³·h^-1 and recovers liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline of 1711.5 kg·h^-1 and 643 kg·h^-1, respectively. A payback period of 9.2 months indicates that investment in light hydrocarbon recovery is economically attractive.     

厂际氢气网络多周期集成的分步优化方法

厂际氢气系统集成对于化工园区合理配置氢气系统和氢气资源具有重要意义。针对化工园区中多厂氢气网络多周期优化设计的问题,提出了一种三步求解策略优化设计多厂氢气网络的多周期优化设计。该方法首先采用厂际氢气网络的单周期优化模型获取各子周期下的氢气公用工程的传输量,然后采用单厂氢气网络的多周期优化设计模型获得各厂内的氢气系统结构,最后采用厂际氢气系统的多周期优化设计模型确定化工园区中厂际氢气系统的网络结构和氢气调度方案。研究表明,所提出的多厂氢气网络多周期优化设计方法可有效解决厂际氢气网络的优化设计问题,该策略在不增加氢气系统结构复杂度的前提下,可以获得较好的经济性,并可提高优化模型求解的计算效率。     

Optimization of hydrogen networks with constraints on hydrogen concentration and pure hydrogen load considered

The mathematical model of hydrogen network is developed to minimize the total exergy consumption of the hydrogen utility and compressor work. The constraint on the hydrogen to oil ratio of hydrogen consuming reactor is represented by that on pure hydrogen load of each sink. Instead of reducing the hydrogen concentration and pure hydrogen load to the minimum directly, all the possible combinations of them are considered. Furthermore, the optimal flow rate of each sink is taken as a variable in the model and the matching flow rate constraint is introduced to remove the source-sink match with small flow rate. This method can be applied to target the minimum utility consumption of systems with any number of impurities. In addition, both the hydrogen to oil ratio and hydrogen concentration can be guaranteed not be less than their lower limitations. The proposed method is applied to the hydrogen network of a real installation, and the results show the hydrogen utility saving potential accounts for 16.52% of the current hydrogen utility consumption.     

中国过氧化氢五十年技术和生产发展及展望

介绍过氧化氢的发展历程;描述几种生产方法的利弊和几十年来中国过氧化氢产量增加状况;详细介绍蒽醌法生产过氧化氢的特点;阐述该法在催化剂、工作液、氢气来源、集散控制系统（DCS）的使用、安全、环境保护、节能降耗、产品结构、分析方法、原料制备、降解物产生和生产管理等方面的技术改革的经过和意义;说明了目前状况和存在问题;展望了中国过氧化氢行业的发展前景。