高强度螺栓连接抗剪性能研究

为解决试验和实体模型有限元方法在研究高强度螺栓连接抗剪性能上的局限性,寻找一种简单准确的高强度螺栓连接抗剪性能的简化模型十分必要。采用通用有限元软件ABAQUS建立高强度螺栓连接的非线性有限元模型,对单元选取、螺栓受力行为、材料本构以及接触模型等方面进行详细说明;结合典型高强度螺栓抗剪试验,验证了所建立有限元模型的准确性和适用性,对高强度螺栓连接抗剪性能进行深入探讨。通过参数分析,确定了高强度螺栓连接抗剪简化模型的3个特征点,提出了此类螺栓抗剪简化模型以及循环荷载作用下的滞回模型。实例计算分析表明：建议的抗剪简化模型以及循环荷载作用下滞回模型能准确地模拟此种连接的受力性能,其构造形式简单,计算准确,为工程分析提供依据。     

端板连接高强度螺栓群中和轴位置研究

为研究端板连接中高强度螺栓群的中和轴位置变化,对门式刚架外伸式端板连接进行了试验研究与理论计算.试验采用4种梁截面尺寸,选择端板厚度和端板加劲肋作为研究参数,对12个试件进行了单调加载试验,通过在螺栓杆无螺纹区开槽粘贴应变片测量了端板螺栓力的变化情况.理论计算系建立带弹性支座的连续梁模型模拟端板连接,将模型计算结果与试验结果比较分析,结果表明：加载过程中,螺栓群中和轴逐渐从其形心轴向受压区移动,但不超过受压翼缘内侧螺栓中心线;极限状态下,受拉翼缘和端板可简化为等效T型件.根据理论模型,进行了简单的参数分析,研究了撬力、端板厚度和螺栓排列等对连接性能的影响.最后结合试验结果及理论计算,对现有计算方法进行了评价.     

钢板攻丝高强螺栓连接钢框架节点力学性能试验研究

对采用钢板攻丝高强螺栓连接的钢框架节点分别进行了高强螺栓拉伸及剪切试验、钢柱法兰连接节点静力及拟静力试验、梁柱半刚性连接静力试验.基于试验数据对节点连接的承载能力、失效模式以及刚度特征等关键问题进行了分析.研究结果表明:由自攻螺纹钢板及高强螺栓构成的连接形式具有良好的抗拉、抗剪性能,以螺杆断裂为最终破坏模式;钢柱法兰连...     

钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱单剪板连接节点约束弯矩试验研究

钢梁与混凝土柱单剪板连接节点形式简单、施工方便。在单剪板节点结构设计中,通常把该类节点简化成铰接节点,认为其只传递剪力和轴力,忽略梁端弯矩的作用,从而高估了预埋件的承载能力,给结构留下了安全隐患。为了研究单剪板连接节点的受力性能,对3个不同螺栓布置的钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱单剪板连接节点进行了静力加载试验,研究了螺栓数量、螺栓直径等因素对试件破坏模式、荷载-挠度曲线和约束弯矩的影响。结果表明：钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱单剪板连接节点的约束弯矩随螺栓群惯性矩的增大而增大;试件的承载力和刚度受高强螺栓布置数量的影响较大,受螺栓直径的影响较小。在试验研究的基础上,建立了单剪板连接节点的受力简化模型,根据模型给出了约束弯矩计算方法和弹性阶段节点折算偏心距计算公式,其计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Behavior of bolted angle connections subjected to combined shear force and moment

In this paper, the effect of web angle dimensions on moment-rotation behavior of bolted top and seat angle connections, with double web angles is studied. Several 3D parametric finite element (FE) models are presented in this study whose geometrical and mechanical properties are used as parameters. In these models, all of the connection components, such as beam, column, angles and bolts are modeled using solid elements. The effect of interactions between components, such as slippage of bolts and frictional forces, are modeled using a surface contact algorithm. To evaluate the behavior of connection more precisely, bolt pretensioning force is applied on bolt shanks as the first load case. The results of this numerical modeling are compared with the results of experimental works done by other researchers and good agreement was observed. To study the influence of shear force on behavior of these connections, several models were analyzed using different values of shear force. The effect of important parameters, especially the effect of web angle dimension, is studied then. An equation is proposed to determine the reduction factor for initial rotational stiffness of connection using connection initial rotational stiffness, yield moment, the expected shear force and web angle dimension. The proposed equation is compared with other existing formulations and it was observed that the proposed model is a better estimator of connection behavior.     

预压弹簧自恢复耗能支撑非线性原理模型参数识别及试验验证

结合预压弹簧自恢复耗能（PS-SCED）支撑工作原理,提出由两组Bouc-Wen模型及一组线弹性模型共同构成的支撑非线性原理模型,并给出模型计算公式。基于PS-SCED支撑拟静力试验结果,利用遗传算法对PS-SCED支撑原理模型的7个控制参数进行参数识别,并将识别结果与PS-SCED支撑拟静力试验、ANSYS实体模型及PS-SCED支撑分段式简化模型分析结果进行对比研究。结果表明,PS-SCED支撑原理模型能够准确、细致的描述PS-SCED支撑的滞回响应特性,相比实体模型及支撑分段式简化模型,提出的原理模型对支撑恢复力、过渡段圆滑性、等效黏滞阻尼比及累积耗能的预测结果更加准确。     

Effects of partial shear connection on the behavior of semi-continuous composite beams

In this paper, the effects of partial shear connection on the behavior of semi-continuous composite beams were studied numerically using two-dimensional finite element model with plane stress elements. The finite element model takes into account the nonlinearity of the different materials involved. For the shear connectors, a non-linear (shear-slip) relation, drawn from the push-out tests, was used. The accuracy of the proposed finite element model was verified against test results available in the literature. A simplified method to predict load capacity and deflection of the semi-continuous composite beams was also proposed. Based on the results obtained from the finite element analysis, the concept of partial shear connection in the hogging moment regions can be accepted provided that the shear connectors are sufficiently ductile.     

Bolted large seismic steel beam-to-column connections Part 2: numerical nonlinear analysis

A large bolted steel moment-resisting connection was studied by nonlinear numerical analysis. This connection was a single-sided beam-to-column assembly that is representative of exterior beam-to-column connections. It was composed of a W36 × 150 Grade 50 beam and a W14 × 283 Grade 50 column. The T-stubs were cut from W40 × 264 sections of Grade 50 steel. The T-stub stems were welded and prestressed by high-strength bolts to the beam flanges in a fabricating shop. Final beam-to-column assembly required no additional welding: the T-stub flanges were bolted to the column and the column shear tab was bolted to the beam web. During cyclic testing the beam deformation was minimal due to the active participation of the T-stub flanges. A separation was observed between the T-stub flanges and the column flange. The separation occurred due to plastic bending deformation in the T-stub flanges. This phenomenon allowed energy dissipation and prevented severe buckling in the beam flanges and beam web. The tests revealed the importance of the numerical analysis of the connection to obtain a better understanding of the critical performance parameters. A finite element analysis was conducted on a specimen with rectangular- shaped stems. The analysis consisted of two parts: a solid element analysis of the T-stub under tension load in the stem and a shell element modeling with buckling and instability analysis. The solid element analysis was conducted to study the local behavior of the T-stub, whereas the shell model analysis was performed to study the global behavior of the connection.     

高性能耐火钢高强度螺栓接头高温受剪性能试验研究

为促进高性能耐火钢材设计理论发展与工程应用,对采用不同型号高强度螺栓的10个高强度螺栓连接接头进行了不同温度条件下的受剪试验,其中包含4个采用普通高强度螺栓的连接接头以及6个采用BFRW10耐火高强度螺栓的连接接头,连接板均采用WGJ高性能耐火钢.试验研究了常温下螺栓接头的摩擦面抗滑移系数、不同温度下螺栓接头的荷载-位...     

Prediction models for the initial rotational stiffness and ultimate plastic moment for a double split tee connection

As a partially restrained connection, a double split tee connection has demonstrated various behavioral characteristics based on the combination of T-stub thickness, high-strength bolt gauge distance, and beam and column stiffness ratio, among other characteristics. Accordingly, many researchers have proposed an analysis model that would determine the behavioral characteristics, stiffness, and strength of a double split tee connection by selecting T-stub thickness and high-strength bolt gauge distance as parameters. However, such a model has not yet been proven to be accurate due to complicated stress distribution, contact and bearing phenomena, as well as prying action on high-strength bolts. Therefore, this study proposed an improved prediction model for the initial rotational stiffness and ultimate plastic moment to implement double split tee connections in the domestic steel structures market. Toward this end, this study performed the three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis, and validated the proposed model by comparing and reviewing its test results from the works of other researchers.     

基于0-1整数规划的高强螺栓连接优化设计

以受轴力、剪力和弯矩共同作用的摩擦型高强螺栓群连接计算为例,建立高强螺栓连接优化设计的0-1整数规划数学模型,并用LINGO软件编程进行求解。结果表明,优化设计程序可以用于高强螺栓连接设计计算,并能一次性确定高强螺栓的规格及所需要的螺栓个数。     

A numerical model of fully grouted bolts considering the tri-linear shear bond–slip model

A numerical model of fully grouted bolts is proposed in this study by implementing the tri-linear bond–slip relationship of bolts into the numerical framework presented by Hyett et al. (1996). The bond–slip relationship of bolt–rock interface is simplified and represented by the tri-linear model. The proposed numerical model is characterized by (1) its ability in modeling decoupling mechanism of bolt–rock interface, i.e. the degradation of the interfacial shear bond stress along bolts; (2) its easy implementation in a numerical code. The proposed numerical model is verified with the pullout tests, and good agreements with the experimental results can be observed in terms of axial stress distributions in the bolt, shear stress distributions along the bolt and load–displacement relationship. The proposed model also gives a reasonable prediction on the behavior of bolts installed in the field.     

铸钢件连接螺栓受拉性能试验及计算方法研究

对采用铸钢件连接钢框架梁柱节点中的螺栓受拉性能及相关计算方法进行研究。变换铸钢件水平肢、竖肢和肋板厚度对铸钢件螺栓连接进行受拉试验,研究铸钢件变形对螺栓内力的影响,获得螺栓内力与外荷载关系。试验结果表明：随铸钢件竖肢和肋板厚度的增加,螺栓内力减小,竖肢影响更显著。撬力的存在显著增大螺栓的内力,并且由于拉力的偏心,产生不可忽略的弯矩。采用ANSYS有限元分析软件进行扩大参数分析,对影响螺栓截面内力的因素进行研究,获得螺栓截面拉应力和弯曲应力变化规律,随着外荷载的增大,螺栓截面弯曲应力占总应力的比重不断增大。采用拟合方法提出适用于文中铸钢件形式的螺栓内力计算式。该式计算螺栓内力及应力与有限元分析结果吻合较好,应力相对误差小于10%,可用于此类连接受拉螺栓截面应力验算。     

Double-shear tests of high-strength structural bolts at elevated temperatures

The behavior of high-strength structural steel at elevated temperatures, especially under shear loading, is not well established in the literature. This paper presents results from recently conducted tests on high-strength structural bolts subject to double shear loading at elevated temperatures. The parameters varied between tests included the bolt grade, bolt diameter, and temperature. Bolt grades A325 and A490 were tested. For each bolt grade, three different diameters were tested (19 mm (3/4 in), 22 mm (7/8 in), and 25.4 mm (1 in)) at five different temperatures (20 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C). At least three tests were conducted for each combination of parameters. Degradations in the mechanical and material properties including stiffness, strength, and deformation at fracture, are characterized and presented herein. The results from these experiments fill a critical knowledge gap currently present in the literature regarding the behavior of high-strength structural bolts under shear loading at elevated temperatures. These data will ultimately provide a thorough understanding of the overall behavior of structural steel systems under realistic fire loading by clarifying the (i) shear behavior of high-strength structural steel bolts at elevated temperatures, and (ii) degradation in the mechanical and material properties of high-strength steel bolts with increasing temperatures.     

主次梁高强螺栓连接节点承载力研究

在主次梁连接螺栓设计计算时,附加弯矩的力臂通常取次梁上螺栓群的形心到主梁腹板中心线的水平距离,这种附加弯矩的计算方法与实际受力状态不符。对实际钢结构工程中有代表性的主次梁高强螺栓连接节点进行承载力试验研究,探讨主次梁连接螺栓节点的屈服荷载、极限承载力和极限变形能力。同时,采用有限元软件对多种类型的主次梁高强螺栓连接形式的模型进行考虑接触单元的非线性分析,将试验结果、有限元计算结果与常规分析方法计算结果进行对比,提出主次梁连接螺栓承载力设计计算时更为合理的偏心距取值方法,计算结果与试验和有限元分析结果吻合良好。     

国产12.9级高强度螺栓力学性能试验研究

对国产12.9级高强度螺栓的工程力学性能进行全面测定,为其在建筑结构中的设计和应用以及相关标准的制定和修改提供试验依据。分别通过紧固试验、抗拉试验和剪切试验对不同品牌（A、B、C）和规格(M16、M20和M24)的各72套12.9级高强度螺栓连接副的扭矩系数、抗拉强度和剪切强度进行测定;通过抗滑移试验对72个由B品牌M20螺栓连接的、各采用3种方式处理（喷砂、抛丸和钢丝除锈）的Q235B、Q355B、Q420B连接板表面的连接接头的抗滑移系数进行测定;对5个A品牌M20螺栓制成的材性试样进行拉伸试验获得应力-应变曲线。对试验数据进行正态分布检验并根据统计结果给出12.9级高强度螺栓的扭矩系数、抗拉强度和剪切强度的设计参考值,将抗滑移系数和相关规范中给出的相应值(规范值)进行比较并分析测值较低的原因,建立螺栓材料的非线性和多折线应力-应变本构模型并验证模型精度。研究结果表明：国产12.9级高强度螺栓的扭矩系数和抗拉强度均符合性能标准,剪切强度和抗拉强度设计建议值的比值（0.49）高于二者规范值的比值（0.3）;抗滑移系数低于规范值的结果有待进一步研究,原因是接触面的粗糙度不足;非线性模型和多折线模型均能较好地拟合12.9级高强度螺栓材料的单向拉伸应力-应变曲线。     

咬合式高强螺栓连接延性破坏模式下受剪性能研究

为研究咬合式高强螺栓连接在剪力作用下的延性破坏模式和承载性能,完成了8个咬合式高强螺栓连接受剪试验。试验结果表明,当齿口个数较少时,咬合式高强螺栓连接的破坏模式为齿口屈服的延性破坏。在试验研究的基础上,建立了有限元模型并进行校验。通过8组有限元模型的参数分析发现,除改变螺栓预紧力的大小对咬合式高强螺栓连接的受剪承载力无明显影响外,齿口间摩擦系数、齿口个数、板件宽度、盖板厚度、螺栓直径、垫片厚度和弹性模量的增大均可以提高连接的受剪承载力。最后拟合得到双面受剪的咬合式高强螺栓连接的受剪承载力计算式,对比拟合计算式的计算结果、试验和数值计算结果表明,所提受剪承载力计算式合理,计算结果准确。     

高强度螺栓单面搭接连接的传力机理

通过简化的受力模型分析了高强度螺栓单面搭接连接的传力机理,详细研究了单个高强度螺栓在受力过程中不同阶段的变形特点,给出了变形特征转变点对应的剪力值,对照高强度螺栓单面搭接连接的有限元分析中单个螺栓应力变化过程,其结果与使用简化模型分析所得结果具有很好的一致性。     

反向平衡法兰有限元分析

目前,风力发电机各段塔筒多采用进口厚型锻造法兰连接,其生产加工成本高、周期长。反向平衡法兰是一种新型节点,可应用于受疲劳荷载作用的风力发电机塔筒连接;与反向平衡法兰配套的施工器具一高强螺栓液压张拉器是保证风力发电机塔筒刚性连接的重要技术措施。本文利用通用有限元软件ABAQUS对该法兰的静力和疲劳性能进行弹塑性分析,并分析了高强螺栓液压张拉器张拉反向平衡法兰螺栓的过程及螺栓预拉力损失。结果表明：反向平衡法兰受力明确,具有足够的安全储备,满足1000万次疲劳寿命要求;有限元手段能较好地模拟张拉过程,分析得到的预拉力损失与试验结果接近。