络合溶胶-凝胶法制备Al_2O_3纳米晶及其表征(英文)

以异丙醇铝为原料,用聚乙二醇(PEG1000)络合溶胶-凝胶法合成了Al2O3纳米晶,并采用差热-热重分析、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等对络合前驱体及粉体进行表征;探讨了PEG1000及煅烧温度对纳米Al2O3相结构、粒子尺寸、形貌及分散性的影响规律.结果表明:PEG1000增强了纳米Al2O3粒子的分散性.干凝胶在600～900℃煅烧后得到γ-Al2O3相;在600℃煅烧条件下,得到γ-Al2O3粒子形貌为针状结构,长度约为50～60nm.随着煅烧温度的升高,γ-Al2O3针状粒子长度逐渐减小,在750℃煅烧后,得到γ-Al2O3粒子长度为20～30nm;在900℃煅烧条件下,γ-Al2O3粒子形貌为颗粒状,平均粒径尺寸为10nm;当干凝胶在1 000℃煅烧后得到θ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3的混合相,所得粒子平均粒径尺寸为20 nm;当干凝胶在1 200℃煅烧后,得到的Al2O3全部转化α-Al2O3相,制得的纳米Al2O3粒子尺寸均一且分散性良好.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Nd:YAG纳米粉体

以Al(NO3)3.9H2O、Y(NO3)3.6H2O、Nd(NO3)3.6H2O为主要原料,C6H8O7.H2O为燃烧剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Nd:YAG纳米粉体,系统的研究了Nd:YAG纳米粉体的最佳制备条件。用X射线衍射和红外吸收光谱对其进行物相鉴定,表明在800℃煅烧2h就可以合成YAG粉末。用荧光光谱分析可知800℃制得的粉体在243nm处有一显著的激发谱带,在728nm处有一显著的发射谱带,粉体具有良好的荧光性能。用激光粒度仪分析可知所得粉体分散性良,平均粒度在147.7nm左右。     

Yb:Gd3Ga5O12多晶粉体的制备及性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Yb:Gd3Ga5O12(Yb:GGG)多晶粉体.利用X射线衍射、热重-差热分析、扫描电镜、红外光谱、荧光光谱测试手段,对前驱体及煅烧的粉体的结构、形貌及光谱性能进行了研究.结果表明:950 ℃煅烧的粉体已是属于体心立方的晶体结构的Yb:GGG纯相.热重-差热分析表明:Yb:GGG超细粉体的总的质量损失为29.13%,初晶化温度在830.6 ℃附近,粉体在1 246 ℃左右晶化程度较高.随着煅烧温度的提高前驱粉体粒度不断增加,形成Yb:GGG纯相的最佳的煅烧温度为950 ℃,所获得的纳米粉体粒度约为80～100 nm,粒径均匀、分散性和流动性较好.荧光光谱表明,主要发射峰位于1 030 nm,是Yb3 的基态2F7/2与激发态2F5/2能级跃迁导致的荧光发射.     

溶胶-凝胶-喷雾干燥法制备超细Al_2O_3-SiO_2二元粉体材料

以硝酸铝(Al(NO3)3.9H2O)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)技术并结合喷雾干燥(SPD)技术制得超细Al2O3-SiO2二元复合粉体材料,并分别于400℃、800℃、1000℃、1150℃和1200℃煅烧2h;采用全自动比表面积与孔隙率分析仪、TEM、TG-DSC及XRD等仪器研究了热处理温度、pH值(分别为5.5、7和8)以及干燥方法对粉体材料的表面性能、显微形貌、物相组成及Al2O3-SiO2二元系晶体转变过程的影响。结果表明:由Sol-Gel-SPD制备的超细Al2O3-SiO2二元粉体材料的比表面积>448m2.g-1,而经1200℃煅烧2h后所得的超细莫来石的比表面积为34.05m2.g-1;TG-DSC分析表明:采用Sol-Gel-SPD制得的Al2O3-SiO2二元粉体材料的质量损失主要发生在500℃之前;XRD分析表明:粉体试样的开始莫来石化温度为1000℃,铝硅尖晶石(6Al2O3.SiO2)与非晶态SiO2在1150~1200℃完全转化为莫来石;比较不同pH值试样经1200℃煅烧后的TEM照片发现,当pH=7时,得到的超细莫来石粉体粒径最小,为50nm。     

溶胶-凝胶燃烧法制备Nd:Y_2O_3激光陶瓷纳米粉体

以Y_2O_3 和Nd_2O_3为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法制备出Nd:Y_2O_3激光陶瓷纳米粉体.XRD测试结果表明粉体的最佳煅烧温度为1000 ℃,并且晶化完全.原子力显微镜观察结果表明粉体的粒度约为200 nm,分布均匀.差热-热重分析表明,柠檬酸在447 ℃分解放热, 而晶型转变温度为590 ℃,荧光光谱测试表明粉体最强的荧光发射峰位于9421.646 cm~(-1)(即波长1061.4 nm处) ,是 Nd~(3+4)F_(3/2)-~4I_(11/2)谱相导致的荧光发射.     

球形纳米α-Al2O3粉体的制备及其表征

首先,将不同浓度(0.426～0.855mol·L-1)的硫酸铝溶液在不断搅拌状态下缓慢滴入含有聚乙二醇的氨水-氯化铵缓冲液(pH值约为9.5)中制得Al(OH)3溶胶,经抽滤,洗涤,在蒸馏水中超声分散后,采用透射电镜观察胶粒的形状,以研究硫酸铝溶液浓度对Al(OH)3溶胶胶粒形貌的影响。结果表明:硫酸铝溶液浓度对Al(OH)3溶胶胶粒形貌影响很大;当硫酸铝溶液的浓度为0.65mol·L-1时,得到的胶粒呈球形。然后,将制得的胶粒呈球形的Al(OH)3溶胶抽滤后用无水乙醇浸泡24h,过滤,于120℃干燥1.5h,在1150℃煅烧1h制成纳米α-Al2O3粉,并用XRD、TEM等对其相组成、形状、分散性和流动填充性等进行了表征。结果表明:以球形的Al(OH)3胶粒为前驱体制成的纳米α-Al2O3粉也呈球形;干凝胶于1150℃煅烧1h后完全转变为α-Al2O3;纳米α-Al2O3粉体中的团聚体大部分是软团聚,故其流动填充性能也很好。     

Sol-Gel-SPD制备超细Al2O3-SiO2二元粉体材料

以硝酸铝(Al(NO3)3·9H2O)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)技术并结合喷雾干燥(SPD)技术制得超细Al2O3-SiO2二元复合粉体材料,并分别于400℃、800℃、1000℃、1150℃和1200℃煅烧2 h;采用全自动比表面积与孔隙率分析仪、TEM、TG-DSC及XRD等仪器研究了热处理温度、pH值(分别为5.5、7和8)以及干燥方法对粉体材料的表面性能、显微形貌、物相组成及Al2O3-SiO2二元系晶体转变过程的影响.结果表明由Sol-Gel-SPD制备的超细Al2O3-SiO2二元粉体材料的比表面积＞448 m2·g-1,而经1200℃煅烧2 h后所得的超细莫来石的比表面积34.05m2·g-1;TG-DSC分析表明采用Sol-Gel-SPD制得的Al2O3-SiO2二元粉体材料的质量损失主要发生在500℃之前;XRD分析表明粉体试样的开始莫来石化温度为1000℃,铝硅尖晶石(6Al2O3·SiO2)与非晶态SiO2在1150～1200℃完全转化为莫来石;比较不同pH值试样经1200℃煅烧后的TEM照片发现,当pH=7时,得到的超细莫来石粉体粒径最小,为50 nm.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米晶γ-Al2O3：Tb^3＋粉末及其发光性能

以异丙醇铝为原料,聚乙二醇(PEG1000)为络合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米晶γ-Al2O3:Tb3+发光粉;并采用DTA/TG、XRD、TEM及荧光光谱对其进行了一系列表征.研究结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶制备工艺,经800℃煅烧4 h,可以得到发光强度高的纳米晶γ-Al2O3:Tb3+发光粉;发光粉的最佳激发波长为251 nm,对应于Tb3+4f-5d跃迁;最佳掺杂浓度为5%(物质的量浓度,下同),在251 nm光激发下,最强的发射峰位于544 nm,可以用作绿色发光材料.     

共沉淀法制备纳米级Y_2O_3:Eu~(3+)红色发光粉体及其发光性质的研究

以Y2O3,Eu2O3为原料采用尿素共沉淀法,在600、800和1000℃温度煅烧制备了Y2O3:Eu3+纳米级粉体,利用XRD、SEM等测试手段对粉体的形貌进行了表征,用分光光度计测试了样品的激发和发射光谱.并比较了这三个温度下样品的发光性质,结果表明1000℃煅烧的粉体发光性能最好.     

溶胶-凝胶自蔓延法合成六方相ZnTiO_3粉体

以柠檬酸为络合剂,乙二醇为溶剂,用溶胶凝胶-自蔓延法合成出了六方相ZnTiO_3纳米粉体。通过热分析(DTA/TG),X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析探讨了煅烧温度和保温时间对六方相ZnTiO_3纳米粉体的形成和粉末晶粒尺寸大小的影响。研究结果表明,干凝胶在400℃以下燃烧基本完全,在800℃保温60min可以得到颗粒尺寸大小为80nm的纯六方相ZnTiO_3纳米粉体。     

Ferroelectric Ceramics in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbCd1/3Nb2/3O3 System

Solid solutions (1-x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ + xPbCd_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ with x = 0-0.30 are investigated with purpose to work out a capacitor ceramics with good dielectric properties and low sintering temperature. It is found that the perovskite phase forms at sintering near to 980°C and begins to decompose at higher temperatures. When x grows from 0 to 0.30, the Curie temperature linearly grows from -10°C to +25°C, the dielectric permittivity ε_m in the Curie point T_C decreases from 18000 to 6800 and the phase transition becomes more diffused. The dielectric permittivity at room temperature is rather high and the temperature stability is improved. The system is of interest, because it can serve as a base for working out some ceramic materials for capacitors with low sintering temperature, which needs of no special atmosphere at burning.     

3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环的合成

以三羟甲基乙烷与碳酸二乙酯为原料,经环化反应合成了3-羟甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(HMM O)。在低温下,HMM O与对甲苯磺酰氯反应生成3-磺酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(M TM O)。M TM O和叠氮化钠发生叠氮化反应形成叠氮单体3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(AMM O)。三步反应收率分别为76%,96%,85%。用核磁、红外、元素分析和DSC表征了化合物的结构与性能。结构鉴定表明为目标化合物AMM O。     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇（BBMP）为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷（BrMMO）。讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响。通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为：BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4h时,BrMMO产率为65%。最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO。该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小。     

Tunable color emission in LaScO3:Bi3+,Tb3+,Eu3+ phosphor

LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ (x = 0 − 0.04, y = 0 − 0.05, z = 0 − 0.05) phosphors were prepared via high-temperature solid-state reaction. Phase identification and crystal structures of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystal structure of phosphors was analyzed by Rietveld refinement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The luminescent performance of these trichromatic phosphors is investigated by diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence. The phenomenon of energy transfer from Bi³⁺ and Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ in LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors was investigated. By changing the ratio of x, y, and z, trichromatic can be obtained in the LaScO₃ host, including red, green, and blue emission with peak centered at 613, 544, and 428 nm, respectively. Therefore, two kinds of white light-emitting phosphors were obtained, LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.05Tb³⁺,zEu³⁺ and LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.03Eu³⁺,yTb³⁺. The energy transfer was characterized by decay times of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺, yTb³⁺, zEu³⁺ phosphors. Moreover absolute internal QY and CIE chromatic coordinates are shown. The potential optical thermometry application of LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ was based on the temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR). The maximum S_a and S_r are 0.118 K⁻¹ (at 473.15 K) and 0.795% K⁻¹ (at 448.15 K), respectively. Hence, the LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ phosphor is a good material for optical temperature sensing.     

2,2,3-三氯-3-苯基-3-(3-甲基苯甲酰基)丙腈的合成研究

以苯甲酰氯、四氯化碳、间甲基苯甲酰氰为原料,合成了标题化合物。重点考察了氰化过程中不同原料配比、反应温度、时间、溶剂和催化剂用量对收率的影响。实验结果表明,其最佳反应条件为:n(1,1,2-三氯-2-苯基乙烯)∶n(3-甲基苯甲酰氰)=1∶1.2,二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,3 mmol催化剂三乙胺,室温反应5 h,总收率达80.6%。     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇(BBMP)为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(BrMMO).讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响.通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4 h时,BrMMO产率为65%.最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO.该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小.     

The Preparation and Crystal Structure of TlMnCl3, TlFeCl3, TlCoCl3 and TlNiCl3

The compounds TlMnCl₃, TlFeCl₃, TlCoCl₃ and TlNiCl₃ were prepared by heating T1C1 with the corresponding transition metal dichloride in an evacuated ampoule. Atomic positions were determined from powder photographs. All four compounds were found to be related to the perovskite type structure. TlMnCl₃ has a cubic structure, space group Pm3m, with a_o = 5.025 Å. The other three compounds are hexagonal, probable space group P6₃mc, with cell dimensions (in Å) a₀ = 6.976 and c₀ = 6.008 for the Fe compound, a₀ = 6.907 and c₀ = 5.981 for the Co compound and a₀ = 6.863 and c₀ = 5.881 for the Ni compound. The three hexagonal compounds are isomorphous. A measureable concentration of basal plane stacking faults was found to occur in TlFeCl₃ and also, to a lesser degree, in TlCoCl_3.     

Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+的制备与发光性质

采用高温固相法合成了Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+红色荧光粉,并研究了Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+的发光特性。Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+的激发光谱包含250nm～330nm和350nm～400nm的2个宽带,最大峰值位于383nm,可以被紫外-近紫外发光二极管(light-emitting diodes,LED)有效激发。Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+的发射谱显示出4组发射峰,其主发射峰位于620nm,对应Eu3+的5D0→7F2跃迁;Eu3+掺杂摩尔分数为2%时,Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+发光亮度最高。经分析发现Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+存在Tb3+→Eu3+的能量传递。     

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(HB–HV)], and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB–HHx)] were made with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the thermal degradation of PHB, the onset of weight loss occurred at the temperature (°C) given by T_o = 0.75B + 311, where B represents the heating rate (°C/min). The temperature at which the weight-loss rate was at a maximum was T_p = 0.91B + 320, and the temperature at which degradation was completed was T_f = 1.00B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HV) (70:30), T_o = 0.96B + 308, T_p = 0.99B + 320, and T_f = 1.09B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HHx) (85:15), T_o = 1.11B + 305, T_p = 1.10B + 319, and T_f = 1.16B + 325. The derivative thermogravimetry curves of PHB, P(HB–HV), and P(HB–HHx) confirmed only one weight-loss step change. The incorporation of 30 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) and 15 mol % 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx) components into the polyester increased the various thermal temperatures T_o, T_p, and T_f relative to those of PHB by 3–12°C (measured at B = 40°C/min). DSC measurements showed that the incorporation of HV and HHx decreased the melting temperature relative to that of PHB by 70°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 90–98, 2001