变跟踪点红外场景仿真建模时间误差分析

随着第四代红外成像空空导弹的发展,在制导半实物仿真过程中导引头对红外图像仿真的需求逐步提高,本文在已有基于导引头光轴指向的变跟踪点红外场景仿真建模技术研究的基础上,对变中心点红外场景仿真建模在分布式制导半实物仿真系统中引入的时间误差进行分析。在充分考虑可能引入时间误差的各参数的可能取值及噪声情况后,给出了定量的时间延迟结果,分析了各参数对时间延迟的贡献,为变跟踪点红外场景仿真技术的工程应用提供数据与理论依据。     

红外跟踪测量系统的脱靶量误差分析与修正

为了能在外场对红外跟踪测量系统的脱靶量误差进行快速的检测修正,分析了脱靶量误差的主要来源,并建立了脱靶量误差的数学模型;根据这一模型,提出了一种基于场景的脱靶量误差系数的计算方法;该计算方法引入了SIFT特征点的提取算法和基于多假设跟踪的航迹管理算法,通过目标函数的最优化得到误差系数的最优估计,最终对脱靶量误差进行了修正。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地修正红外跟踪测量系统脱靶量的系统误差。     

红外场景实时生成驱动算法及应用研究

对红外成像半实物仿真系统中红外场景实时生成的驱动算法进行了研究。以红外场景实时生成在红外成像半实物仿真系统中的工程应用为背景,设计了实时仿真过程中红外场景的初始战情场景映射算法、动态战情场景的实时映射算法及场景瞄准点的选择算法,解决了红外场景实时生成在半实物仿真系统中的应用集成问题,并通过多模式的动静态仿真和测试试验对算法进行了验证。     

基于图像分割和配准的红外焦平面阵列非均匀校正算法

在目标成像跟踪和制导领域,存在大量由缓慢移动背景和相对背景运动的点目标构成的红外图像序列,传统的基于场景的红外焦平面非均匀校正算法在解决此类图像中存在困难。提出了基于图像分割和配准的红外焦平面非均匀校正算法(简称S—R算法),通过将图像背景和运动点目标分离,利用图像配准的方法完成图像背景的非均匀校正和点目标位置处错误固定噪声参数的补偿,最终完成整个焦平面探测单元固定噪声参数的估计,从而有效解决了这类红外图像序列的非均匀校正问题。S—R算法具有噪声参数估计精度高、收敛速度快和计算复杂度低等优点。文中最后用仿真数据对上述结论进行验证。     

红外动态景象仿真中光学系统效应仿真

在采用数字图像注入方法对红外成像跟踪搜索系统或红外预警系统进行仿真试验中,红外动态场景仿真是仿真系统的核心技术,而光学系统效应仿真是红外动态场景仿真中的重要部分。由于仿真对象为非相干红外成像系统,光学系统效应可以只考虑其能量域内成像效应和像弥散或能量分散效应。光学系统质量一般用调制传递函数描述,可由调制传递函数计算点扩展函数,并建立基于点扩展函数的光学系统效应模型。只要调制传递函数给定准确,此方法建立的光学系统效应仿真模型的逼真度便有保证,而调制传递函数可以通过普通的光学系统测试方法获得。     

MHT在红外搜索跟踪系统中的应用

针对红外搜索跟踪系统的弱小目标检测和跟踪的需求,讨论了基于交互多模型的多假设跟踪方法在针对红外搜索跟踪系统中的应用。同时根据红外目标及背景的特点,进行仿真并对仿真数据进行跟踪实验,仿真结果表明:此方法在低信噪比背景下能成功的跟踪多目标。     

基于增强现实的动态红外场景仿真系统设计研究

传统的仿真技术会受算法的复杂度、运算能力及接口等的限制。针对这一问题,设计了一种基于增强现实的思想在真实图像上进行实时动态红外场景仿真的系统。首先使用3DS MAX生成虚拟目标模型,再对虚拟目标模型进行几何一致性变换和红外辐射一致性变换,使用SURF-ORB特征匹配对探测器的运动姿态进行跟踪,最终通过光栅渲染使虚拟目标与真实场景进行虚实融合,完成基于增强现实的动态红外场景仿真系统的设计。实验结果显示,该系统能够实现高帧频、高真实性的红外仿真图像,具有较强的可扩展性。     

红外扫描仪中基于场景的非均匀性校正

红外扫描仪中,存在像元响应非均匀性的问题。分析了基于场景的非均匀性校正算法,和基于神经元网络的红外焦平面非均匀性校正算法,提出了在场景缓变时的校正算法;并结合两者,提出了适合场景缓变时的基于神经元网络的红外焦平面非均匀校正的新算法。仿真证明,新算法具有优异的性能。     

基于光线跟踪和BRDF模型的红外高光反射仿真

仿真红外高光反射现象是实现红外场景真实感的必要内容。本文从红外辐射传输过程出发,提出一种基于光线跟踪和双向反射分布函数(Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function,BRDF)模型的红外高光反射仿真方法,该方法利用光线跟踪模型确定红外高光反射现象中起主要贡献的光线,减少计算量;同时,为了解决传统方法仅应用反射率进行仿真带来的真实感不强的问题,引入BRDF计算红外辐射反射分量,提高红外高光现象仿真的真实感。实验结果表明,本文方法通过将光线跟踪模型与双向反射分布函数相结合实现了红外仿真中真实感和计算量的统一,为红外高光反射现象仿真提供了新思路。     

评估烟幕对红外成像跟踪系统的干扰效果

烟幕是红外成像跟踪系统的一种重要的对抗手段,对其干扰效果的评估具有重要的意义.首先研究了基于分形拟合误差的红外烟幕对舰船目标遮蔽效果的评估方法,改进了毯子覆盖法进行分形维计算的实现方法.之后,以典型跟踪算法为例,将分形拟合误差量化,评估了烟幕对红外成像跟踪系统的干扰效果.仿真实验表明,基于分形拟合误差的评估方法能够真实地反映烟幕对红外成像跟踪系统的干扰效果,是一种有效的评估方法.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks