核桃蛋白酶法水解工艺条件研究

研究了核桃蛋白酶法水解的工艺条件,结果表明:蛋白酶种类对核桃蛋白水解作用影响较大,Alcalase 2.4L、Neutrase 0.8L对核桃蛋白水解作用较强;Alcalase 2.4L较适宜的酶解条件为酶与底物浓度比1000U/g,pH 8.0,温度60℃;Neutrase 0.8L较适合的水解条件为酶浓度为2000U/g,pH 6.0,温度45℃;Alcalase 2.4L、Neutrase 0.8L复合酶可以对核桃蛋白进行连续水解,并能提高核桃蛋白的水解度,产物肽链长度趋近于5。     

中性蛋白酶水解荞麦蛋白的研究

以水解度为主要指标,研究了中性蛋白酶对荞麦蛋白的水解作用.试验结果表明,最佳的酶解条件为:加酶量5000 U/g,底物质量浓度40 g/L,温度50℃,pH7.5,酶解时间2 h.在此酶解条件下,荞麦蛋白水解度达到42.31%.     

双酶制备花生肽及其对NO·的清除能力

为对花生免疫活性肽的制备提供基础,采用蛋白酶水解花生蛋白制备花生肽,以花生蛋白水解度和NO·清除率为指标,优化酶种类组合及水解条件。结果表明：先采用Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶在花生蛋白质量浓度5 g/100 mL、超声功率400 W、超声时间5 min、pH 8.0、加酶量7 400 U/g、水解温度55℃条件下水解3 h,再加入2 480 U/g的中性蛋白酶,在pH 7.0、水解温度40℃条件下继续水解30 min,花生蛋白水解度可达到24.73%,花生肽NO·清除率的IC₅₀为1.88 mg/mL(显著低于商品大豆肽的3.51 mg/mL和商品酪蛋白肽的11.71 mg/mL);水解度在7.8%～39.1%范围内与NO·清除率有极显著线性关系,水解度超过22.6%时,与NO·清除率无显著线性关系。较高的水解度是花生肽拥有良好NO·清除能力的必要条件,但并非水解度越高越好。     

低苯丙氨酸花生肽混合物的制备

为了制备适合开发低苯丙氨酸特膳食品的原料,花生蛋白经碱性蛋白酶Alcalase2.4L及木瓜蛋白酶降解后,通过单因素及正交试验分别确定了风味蛋白酶Flavourzyme水解及活性炭吸附工艺。结果显示,在50℃,pH 6.5及添加3 500U/g风味蛋白酶水解5h,水解所得游离苯丙氨酸可达28.65mg/100mL。添加7g/100g活性炭,于35℃、pH 3.0条件下吸附2.5h,苯丙氨酸去除率可达98.64%。经氨基酸及分子量分析显示,产物中苯丙氨酸含量大幅下降(0.61mg/100mL),主要为600Da以下的寡肽和游离氨基酸,适合将来为苯丙酮尿症患者制备特殊医学配方食品。     

利用冷榨花生饼制备花生多肽饮料

以冷榨花生饼为原料,采用碱法和酶水解法制备花生蛋白,以蛋白质提取率为指标,确定蛋白提取条件,并利用所提取蛋白或蛋白水解物经乳酸菌发酵制备花生多肽饮料。结果表明NaOH溶液提取花生蛋白的最佳条件为：pH9.0、温度55℃、料液比1:8(g/mL)、浸提2h,蛋白提取率80.68%;胰蛋白酶水解蛋白的最佳条件为：酶与底物比1:50(m/m)、底物质量浓度5g/100mL、pH9.0、水解温度50℃,蛋白提取率96.26%。以花生水解蛋白和脱盐乳清粉为原料,采用直投式乳酸菌为发酵剂,发酵条件为：花生水解蛋白质量浓度2g/100mL、乳清粉加入量1g/100mL、发酵剂与发酵液比1:25(g/kg)、42℃发酵5h、4℃后熟15h、蔗糖质量分数9%时的口感最佳。     

双酶复合酶解制备花生短肽研究

该试验以水解度和蛋白质提取率作为评价指标,研究了碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶双酶对花生蛋白酶解特性的影响。通过单因素和正交试验确定了双酶的最佳酶解条件为:酶解时间3 h、pH 9.0、温度55℃、酶比例(碱性蛋白酶:风味蛋白酶)为2∶3,总酶浓度5.0×103 U/g、底物浓度5%,花生蛋白的水解度(DH)达12.02%,蛋白提取率71.60%,多肽得率达59.58%。同时研究了双酶酶解过程中花生蛋白水解度、pH及蛋白提取率的变化规律。     

复合蛋白酶水解黑豆粕制备多肽的工艺优化

为充分利用黑豆粕中的蛋白质资源,研究了复合蛋白酶水解黑豆粕制备多肽的工艺路线。从蛋白酶的筛选入手,考察了不同蛋白酶对黑豆粕水解效果的差异,并通过复配比例优化了最佳复合蛋白酶的组成。采用单因素试验及响应面试验确定了复合蛋白酶水解黑豆粕的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:最佳复合蛋白酶为胰蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶与桔青霉蛋白酶按酶活比1∶3∶2复配;最佳工艺条件为加酶量5 670 U/g,底物蛋白质量浓度40 g/L,pH 9.55,水解温度50℃,水解时间6 h。在优化的工艺条件下水解黑豆粕,多肽得率可以达到82.44%。水解液中多肽的相对分子质量均在7.8 kDa以下,大部分多肽的相对分子质量小于3.3 kDa;多肽基本上保持了黑豆粕蛋白的氨基酸组成,具有较高的营养价值。     

小麦蛋白酶水解制备面包风味前体物质的研究

以水解度和感官评定为指标,研究风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶对小麦蛋白的水解作用和美拉德产物风味的影响。结果表明,风味蛋白酶最合适用于制备面包风味前体物质。通过正交实验确定最佳水解条件,采用底物质量分数5%,p H 7.0,风味蛋白酶加酶量2 000 U/g,在50℃酶解2.5 h,所得酶解产物为最佳面包风味前体物质,得到的水解度为35.50%。分析不同时间酶解液中氨基酸和相对分子质量对美拉德产物影响,发现水解2.5 h面包风味前体物质中对面包风味形成起贡献的氨基酸质量浓度分别比0.5 h和1.5 h的酶解液多5.24 mg/m L和3.91 mg/m L,总游离氨基酸的质量浓度分别多7.42 mg/m L和4.45 mg/m L,具有更高美拉德反应程度的肽相对分子质量小于3 861的占比分别增加6.79%和1.59%,尤其是相对分子质量小于1 405占比分别增加12.34%和3.34%。SPME/GC-MS分析结果表明:面包风味前体物质制备得到的美拉德产物具有面包焙烤特征风味。     

枯草芽孢杆菌脱苦氨肽酶在水解大豆分离蛋白中的应用研究

研究了氨肽酶与碱性蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白的有限水解作用,在单酶单因素水解条件的基础上,用正交实验优化两酶协同水解大豆分离蛋白的酶解条件,得出最佳水解条件为:温度50℃、pH8.5、两酶与底物浓度比均为10000U/g、底物浓度60g/L,水解时间4h,水解度达25.0%,水解液几乎不呈现苦味,且分子量低于1000的部分约占45%.     

2种蛋白酶水解牦牛血液蛋白工艺优化

目的 以牦牛血为原料，在碱性蛋白酶水解基础上，加入风味蛋白酶建立复酶分步水解牦牛血液蛋白工艺。方法 以蛋白水解率为指标，运用单因素与正交试验获得碱性蛋白酶水解工艺，在此基础上采用四因素三水平正交试验优化复酶水解pH、水解温度、酶浓度、水解时间，获得碱性蛋白酶与风味蛋白酶分步水解工艺。结果 复酶工艺为在底物浓度1:6 g/mL、最适pH9、最适温度55 ℃、1.00 %的碱性蛋白酶水解1 h后，调节pH到7，添加0.75 %的风味蛋白酶继续水解5 h，可获得最高蛋白水解率为30.77±0.18 %。结论 对研究酶水解牦牛血制备高附加值产品具有重要参考作用。     

Short communication: Muscle protein synthetic response to microparticulated whey protein in middle-aged men

Whey protein concentrate (WPC) is a high-quality dairy ingredient that is often included in formulated food products designed to stimulate muscle anabolism. Whey protein concentrate can be affected by UHT processing, and its sensory properties are not compatible with some formulated food products. Microparticulated WPC (mWPC) is a novel ingredient that is resistant to heat treatment and has enhanced sensory properties. When 16 healthy middle-aged men consumed 20 g of either WPC or mWPC, both proteins increased plasma essential AA and leucine concentrations with no detectable difference in curve kinetics. Myofibrillar protein synthesis was increased in both groups for 90 min after ingestion with no difference between groups. Ingestion of mWPC resulted in a muscle anabolic response that was equivalent to that of WPC over the full 210-min measurement period. Formulated products incorporating mWPC or standard WPC would provoke equivalent anabolic responses.     

Co-precipitation of whey and pea protein – indication of interactions

The aim was to optimise the yield of co-precipitation of whey protein isolate (WPI) and pea protein isolate (PPI) and compare co-precipitates and protein blends with respect to solubility. The yield of co-precipitates was tested with different protein ratios of WPI and PPI in combination with different temperatures and acid precipitation (pH 4.6). The highest precipitation yield was obtained at protein ratios WPI < PPI, high temperature and alkaline protein solvation. The solubility was measured by an instability index and absorption spectroscopy of re-suspended precipitated proteins at pH 3, 7 and 11.5. Co-precipitates had significantly lower solubility than protein blends. Protein ratios WPI > PPI, low precipitation temperature and high pH showed the highest solubility. Differences in protein composition between co-precipitates and protein blends were observed with SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight, and indicated different protein–protein interaction in samples, which needs further investigations.     

大豆蛋白溶解性研究

该文概述大豆蛋白溶解特性及其与一般物质溶解差异,介绍提高大豆蛋白溶解性改性方法及研究现状,对比不同改性增溶方法优、缺点,并提出今后大豆蛋白改性研究方向。     

细菌中蛋白质样品制备方法研究进展

细菌在生长繁殖时,细菌蛋白的表达受到环境影响而存在较大差异,使得细菌蛋白表达具有复杂性.在食品生产加工过程中可能会受到致病菌污染,细菌产生的内毒素和外毒素均会对人体健康构成威胁,因此需要高灵敏度和高特异性的检测方法来定量分析和鉴定食品中的细菌毒素.蛋白组学方法可以揭示细菌蛋白组成及其潜在的生物学功能,感染过程中菌体蛋白...     

The structures and functions of ice crystal-controlling proteins from bacteria

Many organisms have evolved into unique mechanisms which minimize freezing injury due to extracellular ice formation. Specifically, certain bacteria have produced a few proteins each with different functions. For example, the ice nucleation protein acts as a template for ice formation, which is responsible for imparting ice nucleating activity. The anti-nucleating protein inhibits the fluctuation of ice nucleus formation by a foreign particle in the water drop. Also, the antifreeze proteins depress the freezing temperature, modify or suppress ice crystal growth, inhibit ice recrystallization, and protect the cell membrane from cold-induced damage. In this article, a review on the current knowledge of the structure and the function of these three types of proteins, which are capable of interacting with ice itself or its nuclei from bacteria.     

酶制剂在蛋白质加工行业的应用

蛋白质的加工是食品行业中发展最快的领域之一，蛋白质加工的主要用酶是蛋白质水解酶，以蛋白质加工和研究的几个热点领域，如大豆分离蛋白、米蛋白、谷朊蛋白等为例，对酶制剂在蛋白质加工中的应用进展情况进行了回顾并对未来发展进行了展望。     

Effects of silage protein degradability and fermentation acids on metabolizable protein concentration: A meta-analysis of dairy cow production experiments

A meta-analysis was conducted using data from dairy cow production studies to evaluate silage metabolizable protein (MP) concentrations. The data consisted of 397 treatment means in 130 comparisons, in which the effects of silage factors (e.g., date of harvest, wilting, silage additives) were investigated. Within a comparison, a fixed amount of the same concentrate was fed. A prerequisite of data to be included in the analysis was that silage dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ammonia N, lactic acid (LA), and total acid (TA) concentrations and digestibility were determined. A smaller data set (n = 248) comprised studies in which silage water-soluble N concentration was also analyzed. The supply of MP was estimated as amino acids absorbed from the small intestine using a model with constant values for ruminal effective protein degradability (EPD) and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein. Microbial protein was calculated on the basis of digestible carbohydrates and rumen degradable protein (RDP). Alternative models were used to estimate microbial protein formation, assuming the energy values of RDP and TA to be equivalent to 1.00, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, and 0 times that of digestible carbohydrates. Because EPD values are seldom determined in production trials, they were derived using empirical models that estimate them from other feed components. The goodness of fit of models was compared on the basis of root mean squared error (RMSE) of milk protein yield (MPY) predicted from MP supply (adjusted for random study effect) and Akaike's information criterion. Metabolizable protein supply calculated from basal assumptions predicted MPY precisely within a study (RMSE = 16.2 g/d). Variable contribution of RDP to the energy supply for microbial synthesis influenced the precision of MPY prediction very little, but RMSE for MPY increased markedly when the energy supply of rumen microbes was corrected for TA concentration. Using predicted rather than constant EPD values also increased RMSE of MPY prediction. These observations do not mean that the supply of MP from undegraded feed protein is constant. However, it suggests that our current methods overestimate the range in EPD values and that the techniques have so many inherent technical problems that they can mask the true differences between the feeds. Including new elements in feed protein evaluation models may not improve the precision of production response predictions unless the consequent effects on the supply of other nutrients are taken into account.     

大豆蛋白生产与应用现状

该文综述大豆蛋白制品—大豆蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白、大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆组织蛋白生产现状、存在问题及大豆蛋白在面制品、肉制品、乳制品、饮料制品等中应用现状。     

几种新型花生蛋白产品的生产

本文从花生蛋白质利用的角度介绍了几种新型花生蛋白产品的加工工艺，针对我国人民膳食结构中蛋白质的摄入水平较低的实际情况，论述了花生蛋白开发利用的必要性，展望了花生蛋白开发利用的广阔前景。