金属材料缺陷的电磁超声/涡流复合检测技术研究

电磁超声检测和涡流检测因其非接触、检测速度快、对试件表面要求低等优点而被广泛应用于金属材料的缺陷检测中,但电磁超声检测存在近表面的检测盲区,涡流检测对内部深层缺陷灵敏度不高。基于电磁超声和涡流的复合检测方法,设计了能同时满足电磁超声检测和涡流检测的复合式探头,建立了电磁超声和涡流复合检测有限元模型,并对金属试件中不同类型的缺陷进行了检测实验。仿真和实验结果表明,该复合探头不仅能快速检测表面裂纹,而且可激发出具有明显指向性的纵波,一定程度上削弱了波形转换产生的干扰波,可实现对内部缺陷的准确定位、识别,为电磁超声和涡流复合式检测技术在板材的复杂缺陷检测中的应用提供了基础。     

矩形脉冲涡流传感器参数变化对涡流分布影响的仿真分析

传统的圆柱形传感器在涡流检测中穿透深度较浅,同时检测灵敏度较低.本文采用矩形传感器进行了检测.在分析矩形涡流传感器榆测原理的基础上,采用大型电磁仿真软件ANsYS建立了脉冲涡流榆测模型,通过改变矩形传感器的尺寸参数和时间常数,研究了参数变化对铝板表面涡流分布以及铝板内涡流衰减的影响,仿真结果表明,铝板表丽均匀涡流区域的...     

电磁超声横波测量连铸钢坯壳厚度

为解决连铸坯壳厚度在线检测问题,提出采用电磁超声横波反射法检测连铸坯壳厚度。对电磁超声横波换能器的激发和接收过程进行模拟仿真,分析横波在连铸坯中的传播情况,获得横波在连铸钢坯内固液两相区分界面处的反射回波。以坯壳厚度为10～50 mm的Q460连铸小方坯为研究对象,通过有限元仿真软件COMSOL,仿真得出温度在800～1300℃范围内时横波速度随温度的变化曲线。根据被测对象内部的温度场分布,得出坯壳内平均声速。利用回波时间与平均声速计算坯壳厚度。实验证明,上述方法可用于测量连铸坯壳厚度,当声时测量误差在1～2μs时,厚度测量误差为2～5 mm。     

平纹编织碳纤维增强树脂复合材料离散电导率建模方法

编织碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)的电阻抗分布具有各向异性、异质性、几何结构复杂等特点。建立电阻抗分布模型是利用电磁涡流无损检测技术获取编织CFRP缺陷及疲劳损伤信息的关键关节。基于电阻抗张量建模理论,采用多层编织结构CFRP二维平面的分块均化电学特性表征方法,建立编织结构CFRP的简化电阻抗分布模型,从而实现编织结构CFRP电磁特性的精确、快速有限元分析。在有限元仿真基础上,通过设计双空气旋转线圈电磁传感器对平纹编织CFRP进行电磁无损检测,选用阻抗的极坐标图描述被测材料沿不同方向的阻抗变化趋势,通过实验验证有限元建模的正确性。最后利用所提出的建模方法模拟了双空气旋转线圈传感器对平纹编织CFRP的结构缺陷及循环载荷疲劳的检测效果。      

高冲击载荷作用下平面式电涡流阻尼器特性数值模拟研究

为探究平面式电涡流阻尼器在冲击环境中的应用特点,开展了高冲击载荷作用下平面式电涡流阻尼器响应特性数值模拟研究.基于ANSYS Maxwell电磁学有限元软件建立平面式电涡流阻尼器二维数值仿真模型,分析了永磁体和磁靴结构尺寸、导电层和导磁层厚度以及气隙间距对电磁阻尼力的影响.研究结果表明:平面式电涡流阻尼器能够满足安全制...     

用于应力监测的新型平面柔性涡流传感器

针对直升机旋翼轴应力监测的需求和轴部安装空间有限的实际情况,研制了一种新型平面柔性涡流传感器,并提出了相应的应力监测方法.该方法利用磁弹效应,通过建立平面涡流传感器和铁磁性被测对象的有限元仿真模型,得到传感器阻抗变化与对象磁导率的测量网格数据,可实现铁磁性被测对象的非接触或接触应力监测.搭建了拉应力实验平台,通过实验,验证了该方法的可行性,并得到了磁导率与拉应力的线性关系式,测量了增加的残余应力值.     

基于电磁超声的塑性损伤铝材抗拉强度预测

针对电磁超声信号信噪比低这一问题,在利用相对非线性系数预测抗拉强度的同时引入应力三轴度来提升塑性损伤试件抗拉强度预测的准确性.建立了电磁超声非线性检测塑性损伤试件的有限元三维仿真模型,计算两个特征参量:应力三轴度和相对非线性系数,研究试件的内部应力状态特征和电磁超声检测信号的频谱特征.仿真分析结果表明这两个特征参量敏感...     

连铸坯尾端电磁超声横波换能机制分析

为了研究电磁超声横波检测表面温度为500℃连铸尾端的坯壳厚度的问题，分析此温度下电磁超声换能器的换能机制。本文以坯壳厚度为30 mm的Q235小钢坯为被测对象，利用有限元软件COMSOL建立圆柱形永磁体和螺旋线圈的电磁超声换能器模型。分析在钢坯表面温度为500℃时的换能机制的主导因素，在相同偏置磁场强度和激发电流下，通过对比仅考虑洛伦兹力作用下的位移振幅和洛伦兹力与磁致伸缩应力的叠加作用下的位移振幅大小来分析主导因素，并利用现有的实验条件进行实验验证，同时分析了激励频率对换能机制的影响。研究结果表明，当坯壳表面温度为500℃时，随着频率增大，横波激发换能机制由两种机制转变成洛伦兹力占主导因素，且铁磁材料降低了电磁超声换能器的激发难度，为设计电磁超声换能器系统提供理论基础。     

大提离下脉冲涡流对铁磁性材料测厚研究

压力管道局部减薄对工业生产造成重大安全隐患,因此用脉冲涡流技术评估带包覆层管道壁厚减薄极为重要.研究主要目的是找到一种有效且易于提取的信号特征以评估壁厚.利用Comsol仿真软件建立测厚有限元模型,分析脉冲涡流时域信号特征,提取检出电压信号峰值、到峰时间特征量,分析电压峰值、到峰时间和试件厚度之间的关系.同时通过20#...     

行波型杆式超声电机的动力学分析与性能仿真

建立了行波型杆式超声电机定子的压电有限元模型,并对定子进行了动力学分析.结合行波型超声电机的三维接触/摩擦驱动模型和转子的动力学方程推导了整个电机的机电耦合模型.基于此模型,对直径为20 mm的行波型杆式超声电机进行了动态特性仿真和机械性能预测,仿真结果得到了样机实验结果的验证.     

基于COMSOL连铸坯壳测厚横波EMAT优化

为了研究电磁超声传感器(Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer,EMAT)横波测量连铸坯壳厚度的机理及横波在连铸坯中的传播情况,选取坯壳厚度为10~50 mm的Q235小方坯为研究对象,利用有限元软件COMSOL建立脉冲电磁铁和螺旋线圈的电磁超声模型,分析在不同EMAT结构参数下,连铸坯中电磁场、力场、声场的分布规律。研究结果表明:脉冲电磁铁和螺旋线圈组成的EMAT能够在连铸坯壳集肤层激发出超声波横波。脉冲电磁铁空心螺线管线圈匝数、内半径、线圈导线半径对换能效率的影响依次减小,且当脉冲电磁铁内半径尺寸大于螺旋线圈尺寸时,产生横波的效率最高。坯壳厚度越小,螺旋线圈最优激励频率越大,测量精度越高,信号衰减越快。因此,坯壳厚度为10~50 mm的Q235小方坯选择1.1 MHz为最佳激励频率。     

多层堆叠式永磁动力减振刀杆设计与仿真分析EI北大核心CSCD

针对大长径比刀杆中传统动力减振器的橡胶疲劳老化、阻尼液易泄露、刚度和阻尼难以精准设计等问题,设计了一种利用磁刚度和电涡流阻尼提供刚度和阻尼的多层堆叠式永磁动力减振器,实现了刚度和阻尼的独立精准设计。独特的堆叠式结构可以在相同体积下提供更大的磁刚度和电涡流阻尼,保证多层堆叠式永磁动力减振器达到最优减振条件。分别建立了多层堆叠式永磁动力减振器中磁刚度和电涡流阻尼的理论计算模型,并利用MATLAB软件和Maxwell电磁仿真软件分别探究了磁刚度和电涡流阻尼与多层堆叠式永磁动力减振器各部分尺寸参数之间的关系。最后利用MATLAB软件分别对安装多层堆叠式永磁动力减振器的刀杆和等尺寸实心刀杆进行仿真分析。结果表明,安装多层堆叠式永磁动力减振器后刀杆的频响函数幅值最大值下降91.1%。     

冲击载荷下永磁式电涡流减振器设计及动态特性分析

为研究轮式车辆的电涡流减振器在行进间冲击载荷下的动态特性,结合电涡流理论设计了一种永磁式电涡流减振器,并基于等效磁路模型和麦克斯韦方程分析了其导体筒表面空气间隙处磁感应强度与阻尼力之间的关系;同时,利用有限元法对永磁式电涡流减振器的静、动态磁场分布进行了研究,并分析了不同结构参数对其阻尼特性的影响及不同运动速度下的示功特性曲线。通过建立1/4车辆悬架动力学模型和基于高斯滤波白噪声的随机路面激励模型,对车辆行进间冲击载荷下永磁式电涡流减振器的动态特性进行了分析。结果表明：永磁式电涡流减振器的磁场在动态条件下会发生退磁以及磁感线趋速聚集现象,各结构参数对其阻尼特性的影响较大;永磁式电涡流减振器的响应速度快,压缩、复原阻尼力恒定且平稳,可以高效、快速地消除轮式车辆越野时受到的路面激励和车载武器射击时的冲击载荷,能够有效抑制车体振动。研究结果对提高轮式车辆的越野机动性以及车载武器的射击精度具有重要意义。     

Finite element numerical simulation on thermo-mechanical behavior of steel billet in continuous casting mold

The thermo-mechanical behavior of a thin, growing shell during the early stages of solidification in a continuous casting mold is very important to the ultimate quality of the final billet. A two-dimensional, transient finite element model has been developed to treat the heat flow and deformation of the solidifying shell in the continuous casting billet mold as a coupled phenomena. The major application of the model is to predict the extent of the gap between the mold and the shell and focus on the influence of mold taper on the thermo-mechanical behavior of the steel billet to help to understand the formation of off-corner cracks and break-outs in the solidifying shell. The calculations indicate that the gap is initially formed at the corner of the billet, where heat transfer is greatly reduced. Insufficient mold taper contributes to a hot spot in the off-corner region, which corresponds to the lowest shell thickness. At the same time, the solidifying front on the diagonal of the billet is subjected to an excessive mechanical strain, which causes the off-corner cracks and even the break-outs.     

Finite Element Numerical Simulation for Influence of Mold Taper on Thermomechanical Behavior of Steel Billet in Continuous Casting Process

The thermomechanical behavior of the thin, growing shell during the early stages of solidification in the continuous casting mold is very important to the ultimate quality of the final billet. A two-dimensional, transient finite element model has been developed to treat the heat flow and deformation of solidifying shell in the continuous casting billet mold as coupled phenomena. The major application of the model is to predict the extent of the gap between the mold and the shell, and focus on the influence of mold taper on the thermomechanical behavior of the steel billet to help understand the formation of off-corner cracks and breakouts in the solidifying shell. The calculations indicate that the gap is initially formed at the corner of the billet, where heat transfer is greatly reduced. Insufficient mold taper contributes to a hot spot in the off-corner region, which corresponds to the thinnest shell thickness. Meanwhile, the solidifying front along the diagonal of the billet is subjected to an excessive mechanical strain, which causes the off-corner cracks and even the breakouts.     

Finite element numerical simulation on thermo-mechanical behavior of steel billet in continuous casting mold

The thermo-mechanical behavior of a thin, growing shell during the early stages of solidification in a continuous casting mold is very important to the ultimate quality of the final billet. A two-dimensional, transient finite element model has been developed to treat the heat flow and deformation of the solidifying shell in the continuous casting billet mold as a coupled phenomena. The major application of the model is to predict the extent of the gap between the mold and the shell and focus on the influence of mold taper on the thermo-mechanical behavior of the steel billet to help to understand the formation of off-corner cracks and break-outs in the solidifying shell. The calculations indicate that the gap is initially formed at the corner of the billet, where heat transfer is greatly reduced. Insufficient mold taper contributes to a hot spot in the off-corner region, which corresponds to the lowest shell thickness. At the same time, the solidifying front on the diagonal of the billet is subjected to an excessive mechanical strain, which causes the off-corner cracks and even the break-outs.     

Numerical Simulation of Two Types of Electromagnetic Edge Dam Used in Twin Roll Strip Casting

Two types of electromagnetic edge dams were analyzed by using finite element method in present paper. The magnetic vector potential method and edge element method were used. The distributions of the magnetic field, the eddy current intensity and the magnetic force were obtained from the computing. The differences in these fields were explained according to the two types of electromagnetic dam, and characters of their application in twin roll casting were also discussed.     

Numerical Simulation of Two Types of Electromagnetic Edge Dam Used in Twin Roll Strip Cast

Two types of electromagnetic edge dams were analyzed by using finite element method in present paper. The magnetic vector potential method and edge element method were used. The distributions of the magnetic field, the eddy current intensity and the magnetic force were obtained from the computing. The differences in these fields were explained according to the two types of electromagnetic dam, and characters of their application in twin roll casting were also discussed.