空间激光通信单探测器复合跟踪控制技术研究

空间激光通信终端伺服系统是一种高精度的跟踪机构,在扰动条件下,通信系统对跟踪系统的稳定性及精度提出了较高的要求。本文主要介绍了激光通信伺服系统的复合跟踪技术,详细论述了单探测器复合跟踪方式的选择以及激光通信伺服系统的控制流程。最后,在振动平台上进行了粗精复合的激光跟踪实验。实验结果显示,当通信终端系统跟踪最大振动加速度为0.22°/s2的振动平台时,跟踪目标平稳性较好,单独采用粗跟踪时误差为60 μrad,采用粗精复合跟踪时位置误差可以达到2 μrad。实验结果表明,空间激光通信系统中单探测器复合跟踪技术的设计满足了系统跟踪精度的要求,为激光通信控制系统的设计提供了一定的参考。     

基于自适应卡尔曼算法的单探测器解耦控制技术研究

为了提高激光通信跟瞄系统的跟踪性能,增强系统的抗扰动能力,提出基于卡尔曼滤波的单探测器复合轴控制方法。首先,对单探测器复合轴系统原理进行分析,通过误差传递函数验证了解耦算法的可行性;其次,为了改善脱靶量迟滞的影响,同时降低探测器实时处理的要求,提出一种自适应卡尔曼滤波算法;最后,根据探测器坐标系与快速反射镜坐标系之间的旋转变换关系,计算出粗精系统的解耦矩阵,并搭建一套桌面实验系统进行原理验证。实验结果表明:单探测器复合轴在0.1 Hz低频扰动条件下,精跟踪系统的相对位移不会超出反射镜偏转角度的临界值,跟踪误差由2.54 μrad下降到0.86 μrad。解耦控制能够提高系统跟踪精度并增强抗扰动能力。对于以后工程中的实际应用具有一定的指导意义。     

基于迭代学习控制的潜望式激光通信终端系统的动态跟踪设计

为提高潜望式激光通信终端伺服系统的动态跟踪性能,针对基于永磁同步电机的二维伺服转台的控制系统进行了设计。通过采取空间矢量控制方法实现电机的解耦控制,建立控制模型并完成了各控制回路的设计。针对动目标跟踪设计了迭代学习控制方法以提高通信终端的动态跟踪性能,并对控制系统的速度阶跃响应进行测试,分析通信终端系统的低速平稳性。最后,搭建了4.62 km激光通信的动态跟踪实验,利用六自由度转台模拟平台抖动,为动态跟踪验证实验创造外部平台扰动条件。实验结果表明:通信终端系统速度阶跃响应的稳态误差为±0.02 (°)/s,表明伺服系统速度回路具有较快的动态响应特性和较高的稳态精度,在最大加速度为0.219 (°)/s2的正弦波扰动条件,二维伺服转台的动态粗跟踪精度可以达到62 μrad,粗精复合跟踪精度优于2 μrad,验证了通信终端伺服系统的有效性及其动态跟踪性能,为进一步提高终端系统的跟踪精度奠定基础。     

机载激光武器高精度跟踪控制技术研究

机载激光武器系统是一种定向能武器系统,对跟踪精度要求较高,传统PID控制无法满足其高精度跟踪需求。建立了预瞄模型、探测器模型、快速反射镜模型、时滞模型等数学模型,搭建完整的仿真系统,并创新性地采用自抗扰控制算法和复合轴控制结构相结合的控制方式,以提高控制精度。通过功能验证试验验证文中搭建的仿真系统,加入实际采集的某运输机扰动,其跟踪精度为5.16 μrad,相较于传统PID控制,跟踪精度提高25倍。同时给出一种虚拟战场场景,经文中搭建的仿真模型验证,其俯仰轴和偏航轴的跟踪精度均小于10 μrad。     

车载高精度陀螺稳定跟踪系统

讨论了车载平台高精度光电跟踪系统问题,进行了系统结构设计,平台采用T型结构,并通过整体减振的方式隔离载体的高频振动。进行了控制系统设计,利用陀螺稳定装置实现平台的粗级稳定,高频快速反射镜实现平台的精级稳定,通过这种粗精结合的二级稳定平台来提高平台的稳定精度。进行了模拟仿真试验,通过摇摆台来模拟车载环境试验进行系统测试。...     

激光通信系统中快速反射镜控制技术研究

为满足激光通信系统跟踪精度的要求,采用快速反射镜系统作为精跟踪控制核心.选用大行程、高分辨率、高带宽的音圈电机驱动快速反射镜,对音圈电机控制方法进行了研究.首先,定性分析了快速反射镜系统的组成及工作原理.然后,根据音圈电机的等效电路模型进行建模分析,得到快速反射镜的传递函数模型.最后,介绍了模拟控制器的设计原理,给出了比例-积分-微分(Proportional-Integral-Derivati ve,PID)电路、位置检测电路以及功率放大电路的具体设计.实验结果表明,设计的快速反射镜的角分辨率为1 μrad,重复定位精度为3 μrad,闭环带宽(-3 dB)为300 Hz@1 mrad,满足激光通信系统稳定可靠、精度高、抗干扰能力强等要求.     

空间激光通信中复合跟踪技术研究

空间激光通信前提是信标光束的精确对准,因此复合轴的跟踪技术是关键,粗精复合的耦合性问题成为研究重点。设计了一套基于单探测器复合轴的跟踪系统,对其原理及关键技术进行阐述,采用粗跟踪配合补偿精跟踪偏转量的方法,解决了耦合性问题,并完成伺服控制系统设计。搭建实验系统对跟踪性能及指标进行验证,实验结果表明,在±0.25°@0.1Hz扰动下系统跟踪误差控制在1个像素之内,跟踪误差均方根为0.13,结合实际条件知,系统像元角分辨率22μrad,故系统整体跟踪精度优于3μrad,可实现对信标光的精确跟踪,满足空间激光通信的应用需求。     

摆镜式激光通信终端光束指向与粗跟踪特性

基于两正交旋转轴的单平面镜（摆镜式）激光通信终端的粗跟踪问题,提出了一种求解光束指向的法矢量求解算法,给出了该类型通信终端的粗跟踪算法。采用矢量反射定律和矩阵旋转变换规律,理论推导了摆镜的光束指向模型和跟踪模型,对比分析了不同安装方式对光束指向和畸变的影响,并对模型分别进行了建模仿真和实验研究。结果表明:光束传输模型和粗跟踪模型的精度优于3 μrad,所研制的摆镜式激光终端粗跟踪精度,最大误差优于15.5 μrad (3σ),均方根误差优于10.5 μrad,满足激光通信终端对高精度粗跟踪的技术要求。该研究工作对摆镜式扫描系统的光束指向分析和激光终端粗跟踪具有借鉴意义。     

舰载激光武器复合轴跟踪控制系统仿真分析

激光武器毁伤目标的特殊机理使其对光电系统跟踪精度提出了更高的要求,针对此问题本文提出复合轴控制技术。通过对舰载跟踪控制技术的分析,在传统跟踪系统的基础上设计了复合轴跟踪系统的控制模型,并进行了MATLAB 仿真验证。仿真显示复合轴控制技术使系统跟踪精度由传统跟踪系统的0.4 mrad提高到4 μrad以内。     

机载激光通信系统精跟踪单元变结构控制技术

APT(Acquisition Pointing Tracking)复合轴子系统是机载激光通信系统的核心技术,也是实现机载激光通信的前提和保证,其中,精跟踪单元对粗跟踪残差进一步抑制,决定着整个复合轴的跟踪精度,是APT系统的核心部分.通过对精跟踪伺服单元结构的分析及复合轴APT系统对精跟踪单元的要求,设计了精跟踪的控制函数模型.根据不同飞行平台振动环境的特点,实现了变结构的精跟踪智能控制,使精跟踪的控制精度达到最优,并进行了MATLAB仿真验证.最后,经过APT复合轴的室内实验系统测试得出:在几种典型的机载平台环境下,最终的跟踪精度都保持在3 μrad左右.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.