推帚式高光谱成像仪光谱定标及精度控制研究

高光谱成像仪的光谱定标是为了确定仪器各波段中心波长和光谱分辨率,是获取地物光谱信息的必要条件。高光谱成像技术取得较快发展的同时,它的光谱分辨率也越来越高,这必然要求光谱定标的精度更高。文中从单色仪对定标精度影响出发,研究得到光源辐射强度包络对精度的影响可以达到0.12 nm以上,这对于定标精度要求很高的高光谱成像仪来说不可忽略。根据不同波长处包络的影响我们对中心波长精度进行了改善。通过实验得出波段210~228之间的中心波长精度提高了0.2 nm左右,约占总波段数的11%,波段165~209之间的中心波长精度提高了0.12 nm左右,约占总波段的24%。     

针对不同光谱类型恒星的大气透过率仪定标测量研究

介绍了利用夜晚恒星辐射测量整层大气透过率的仪器及定标方法.基于已有的研究工作基础,利用Visual C++6.0开发和完善了整层大气透过率采集程序,使仪器具有自动采集数据功能.利用整层大气透过率测量仪对不同光谱类型的恒星分别进行了测量定标实验,对测量数据进行了分析和处理,得到了六大类光谱恒星在大气层上界的仪器测量值.基于夜晚整层大气透过率测量多目标定标原理,在完成各大光谱类型的恒星辐射定标测量后,就能进行仪器的实时大气透过率测量.     

可见到近红外波段整层大气透过率的测量

通过测量太阳辐射值计算整层大气透过率的方法简单易行且精度高。利用自行研制的整层大气透过率仪测量可见到近红外波段的太阳直接辐射连续光谱,在可靠定标的基础上,推算出实际天气条件下的整层大气光谱透过率。利用Langley-plot方法对整层大气透过率仪进行标定,得到了仪器标定结果和不同时刻整层大气透过率随波长变化的曲线。将计算得到的整层大气透过率与太阳辐射计PGS-100的测量和MODTRAN计算的结果分别进行了比较,发现有较好的一致性,从而证明整层大气透过率仪设计合理,测量数据可靠。     

微型光谱仪辐射定标技术研究

光谱仪器是进行分析和测量的基本设备,应用非常广泛。由于传统光谱仪的诸多缺点,微型光谱仪成为光谱仪器发展的一个重要的研究方向。作为微型光谱仪主要探测元件的线阵CCD具有实时传输和自扫描速度快、频率响应高、能够实现动态测量且能在低照度下工作等特点,其输出信号为像素点和灰度(DN)值,此输出信号与光谱波长和辐射通量之间的对应关系为定标的主要内容。本文主要研究在假定光谱定标已经完成的情况下,输出DN值与辐射通量之间的定量关系。本文基于拉格朗日插值算法,在Visual studio平台上利用C#语言编写了辐射定标算法小程序,利用在中国计量院定标过后的钨灯完成了微型光谱仪的辐射定标,消除了因传感器本身产生的误差,并利用未标定的钨灯验证了该定标方法的可行性,且成功应用于微型光谱仪的应用中。     

可见到近红外波段整层大气透过率的测量

通过测量太阳辐射值计算整层大气透过率的方法简单易行且精度高。利用自行研制的整层大气透过率仪测量可见到近红外波段的太阳直接辐射连续光谱,在可靠定标的基础上,推算出实际天气条件下的整层大气光谱透过率。利用Langley—plot方法对整层大气透过率仪进行标定,得到了仪器标定结果和不同时刻整层大气透过率随波长变化的曲线。将计算得到的整层大气透过率与太阳辐射计PGS-100的测量和MODTRAN计算的结果分别进行了比较,发现有较好的一致性,从而证明整层大气透过率仪设计合理,测量数据可靠。     

夜间整层大气透过率测量技术研究

分析了夜间利用恒星测量整层大气透过率的原理,研制了用于夜间整层大气透过率测量的设备,该设备能够对高度角大于15 的任意天区内的0~5等恒星在400~750 nm分波段弱辐射大气透过率测量,测量带宽为30 nm。采用自动控制CCD曝光时间的方法获取分波段恒星的弱辐射信号,利用图像反馈模式纠正望远镜追星的误差,实现无人值守自动连续整夜观测。设备定标采用Langley-plot定标方法与多目标星定标方法相结合。测量结果分别与CART和Modtran理论计算值进行了比较,比较结果证明了测量方法的可行性和设备的可靠性。     

GF-4可见光及近红外谱段的辐射定标

"高分四号"是我国高分辨率对地观测系统中唯一一颗地球同步轨道遥感卫星,应用于环境及林火监测等领域。GF-4数据有很高的空间分辨率,但是辐射特性存在偏差从而导致辐射精度并不是很高。为了提高GF-4卫星数据辐射和LandSat8数据为基准影像,以敦煌辐射校正场作为试验区对GF-4可见光及近红外谱段进行交叉辐射定标。结果表明,通过GF-4的DN值与MODIS和LandSat8的表观辐射亮度数据分析对比,的可见光及近红外波段的定标误差均在10%以内;而LandSat8的可见光及近红外波段的定标误差均在5%以内,比的定标精度接近官方定标系数,满足遥感定量需求。     

地基大气背景红外光谱辐射特性测量

用傅里叶变换红外光谱辐射计(FTIR)在地面测量了较高分辨率(1 cm-1)下的大气向下背景光谱辐射,获得了长波红外5~14μm波段的大气背景辐射光谱。研究了大气背景红外光谱辐射与整层大气透过率的关系。从实验数据中研究了不同波段大气背景辐射随观测天顶角的变化。结果表明:地基大气向下的长波背景辐射亮温随着整层大气透过率的增大而减小;大气背景辐射随观测天顶角增大而增大;在大气窗口区,大气背景辐射随观测天顶角变化较快,在强吸收波段,大气背景辐射随观测天顶角几乎不变化。     

红外陷阱探测器的光谱辐射定标技术

遥感信息定量化要求高精度的光谱辐射定标技术支撑,使传感器获取数据可比较性、测量精度和长期稳定性得到保证,溯源于低温绝对辐射计的定标技术是发展趋势.为提高红外绝对光谱响应率定标精度,在一种薄膜热电堆传感器上加装镀金反射半球,研制了红外陷阱探测器作为标准传递探测器.利用电替代技术,测试了红外陷阱探测器光谱响应线性、空间响应均匀性和稳定性.通过溯源于低温绝对辐射计的光谱辐射定标系统,标定了其在1. 1~3. 0μm短波红外波段的绝对光谱响应率,合成不确定度小于1%.将红外陷阱探测器应用于红外光谱辐射定标,可缩短低温绝对辐射计的红外光谱功率标准传递链路并提高定标精度.     

长波红外高光谱成像光谱仪的辐射定标

红外辐射定标是红外遥感信息定量化的关键技术,对所测光谱进行定标是定量分析中的重要环节。采用自行研制长波红外高光谱成像光谱仪原理实验装置(简称CHIPED-I)进行验证,用黑体对实验装置进行了两点线性定标,将测量的相对强度转化成目标的绝对辐射亮度谱,采用亮温法算出标定后的亮温光谱。结果表明,这种辐射定标方法用于长波红外高光谱成像光谱仪方法可行,这对进一步分析大气透过率和反演大气中红外活性气体浓度具有实际意义。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks