橡胶籽油的不皂化物组分及抗氧化活性

依据国家标准方法（GB/T 5535.2—2008）提取橡胶籽油不皂化物并测定其含量,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对橡胶籽油不皂化物组分进行分析;并采用DPPH·和ABTS·法评价了橡胶籽油及其不皂化物的抗氧化活性。结果表明：橡胶籽油不皂化物含量为（1.44±0.03）%,共鉴定出13种物质,主要含有γ-谷甾醇（40.24%）、豆甾醇（17.20%）、3, 4-二氢-2, 2, 5, 7, 8-五甲基-2H-1-苯并芘喃-6-酚（9.53%）、4-胆甾烯-3-酮（6.64%）、角鲨烯（6.14%）、菜油甾醇（4.37%）和D-γ-(P)-生育三烯酚（3.27%）等;橡胶籽油及其不皂化物均具有良好的抗氧化活性,清除DPPH·的IC50值分别为6.979 mg/mL和3.819 mg/mL,清除ABTS·的IC50值分别为16.979 mg/mL和4.356 mg/mL。     

加工过程对苹果籽油中植物甾醇流向分布影响

采用GC-FIR法对苹果籽加工过程中的植物甾醇进行了成分分析。结果表明,苹果籽油中植物甾醇主要成分为菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇,其中以β-谷甾醇含量最高;压榨法制备的苹果籽油植物甾醇的含量（385mg/100g）高于索氏提取（288mg/100g）和超声提取法（318mg/100g）;且随着苹果籽油精炼程度提高,油脂中的有益微量成分植物甾醇损失增大。      

超声波提取马蔺籽油的脂肪酸组成及其抗氧化能力评价

采用超声波提取法提取马蔺籽油并测定其脂肪酸组成及抗氧化活性。在单因素实验的基础上,以马蔺籽油得率为响应值,进行Box-Behnken响应面优化实验。利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对所得籽油脂肪酸成分及相对含量进行分析。用DPPH自由基清除法和还原铁/抗氧化能力(FRAP)法对其抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为:提取时间64 min、提取温度30℃、液料比12 mL/g,在此条件下,马蔺籽油得率为10.56%。马蔺籽油中饱和脂肪酸主要为棕榈酸(7.75%)及硬脂酸(2.73%);不饱和脂肪酸主要为亚油酸(41.57%)和油酸(38.96%),不饱和脂肪酸占比81.55%。其具有良好的抗氧化活性,DPPH自由基清除率达61.12%,FRAP法测定其总抗氧化能力相当于0.251 1 mmol/L FeSO_4·7H_2O,可以考虑作为功能性油脂产品开发利用。     

香榧籽油的脂肪酸及不皂化物组成分析

香榧为我国特产的名贵干果,试验对其籽油的脂肪酸及不皂化物采用GC/MS进行了定性定量分析,结果确定香榧籽油脂肪酸组成以亚油酸与油酸为主,质量分数分别为39.60%与35.40%,其次为棕榈酸(10.24%)。一种特殊脂肪酸,金松酸(顺5,11,14-二十碳三烯酸),质量分数达8.65%。另外,香榧籽油的不皂化物组成以β-谷甾醇和β-生育酚为主,含量分别为1.10 mg/g和0.51 mg/g。本研究为香榧籽油作为高档功能性油脂的开发利用提供了基础数据。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法分析茶枝柑籽油脂肪酸和不皂化物组成

目的研究茶枝柑籽油的脂肪酸和不皂化物成分。方法采用气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatographymass spectrometry,GC-MS)法对茶枝柑籽油脂肪酸和不皂化物成分进行分析和鉴定。结果共分离鉴定出13种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸占67.62%,其中最主要的脂肪酸为亚油酸和油酸,相对含量分别为36.93%和26.91%。茶枝柑籽油的不皂化物以植物甾醇、生育酚和萜类化合物为主,其中β-谷甾醇含量最高,达2544.73mg/kg。结论本研究为茶枝柑籽油作为功能性油脂的开发利用提供了基础数据。     

漆籽油的脱蜡工艺

为提高漆籽油质量,以陕西漆树籽为原料,研究了漆籽仁预处理方法对提取漆籽油的影响,通过正交试验优化了漆籽油精制脱蜡的工艺条件,研究了助滤剂添加量对蜡晶过滤速度的影响,并测定了漆籽油的理化指标,脂肪酸、维生素E和植物甾醇组成及含量。结果表明：热碱水处理漆籽仁所提取的漆籽油品质更好,此工艺也更适于实际生产;适合规模化生产的漆籽油精制脱蜡最佳工艺条件为降温速率1.0 ℃/h、养晶温度5 ℃、搅拌速度20 r/min;加入2.0%的珍珠岩作助滤剂,油蜡分离速度最快;在上述条件下,漆籽油脱蜡率为95.88%。漆籽油含有较高含量的亚油酸（687%）、δ-生育酚（422.78 mg/kg）、植物甾醇（3 760.00 mg/kg）,其中植物甾醇中的β-扶桑甾醇(386.21 mg/kg)、柠檬二烯醇(138.55 mg/kg)在常见植物油中未见报道。     

冬瓜籽油的理化指标及营养成分的分析

对冬瓜籽油的理化性质、脂肪酸组成及营养成分进行分析。结果表明:冬瓜籽油酸价为4.96 mg/g,过氧化值为0.02 g/100 g,皂化值为195.97 mg/g,碘值为111.22 g/100 g;冬瓜籽油中包含12种脂肪酸,其中以亚油酸为主要脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达81.83%;冬瓜籽油还含有丰富的植物甾醇,其中菜油甾醇含量最高,为2 255.50 mg/kg,豆甾醇含量为980.76 mg/kg;冬瓜籽油中共检出3种生育酚,其中γ-生育酚含量最高(612.9 mg/kg),其次为α-生育三烯酚(90.6 mg/kg);冬瓜籽油中多酚类物质的含量为56.4 mg GAE/kg油。     

复合溶剂提取沙棘籽油的工艺条件研究

采用响应面优化了正己烷-丙酮复合溶剂浸提沙棘籽油的提取条件,并对沙棘籽油的理化性质进行分析.结果表明:最优条件为料液比1∶14、粉碎度35.00目、正己烷:丙酮为6∶4、浸提温度44.00℃、浸提时间1.84h,在该条件下沙棘籽油提取率为13.788%.沙棘籽油的碘价为156.30mg/100g,酸价为8.80mg KOH/g,皂化值为186.30mg KOH/g,水分及挥发物0.22%,过氧化值为9.21meq/kg,不皂化物含量为1.89%.     

响应面法优化甜瓜籽油的超声辅助提取工艺及其品质分析

为提高甜瓜籽利用率,采用超声辅助提取工艺提取甜瓜籽油,以甜瓜籽油得率及DPPH自由基清除率为指标,通过单因素实验研究超声时间、超声温度、料液比、浸提时间对甜瓜籽油提取的影响,在此基础上采用响应面实验对提取工艺条件进行优化,并测定提取的甜瓜籽油理化指标、总酚含量、甾醇和脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明：甜瓜籽油的最佳提取工艺条件为浸提时间3 h、料液比1∶7.7、超声温度43℃、超声时间41 min,在此条件下甜瓜籽油得率为25.64%,DPPH自由基清除率为60.66%;制备的甜瓜籽油酸值(KOH)为0.52 mg/g,过氧化值为0.00 mmol/kg,碘值(I)为133.38 g/100 g,总酚含量为8.72 mg/100 g;甜瓜籽油中共检出5种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸含量最高,为66.68%,共检出7种甾醇,总含量达306.10 mg/100 g,其中β-谷甾醇含量最高,为138.60 mg/100 g。甜瓜籽油营养价值较高,可作为食用油进一步开发利用。     

蓝莓籽油成分研究

采用超声波辅助提取法从蓝莓籽中提取蓝莓籽油,测定了蓝莓籽油的理化指标,并用GC-MS对蓝莓籽油的脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明：蓝莓籽出油率为18.42%;蓝莓籽油的相对密度为0.946 6、折光指数为1.464 9、酸值（KOH）为3.743 mg/g、皂化值（KOH）为182.3 mg/g、过氧化值为2.137 mmol/kg、碘值（I）为128.7 g/100 g;蓝莓籽油中共有13种脂肪酸,主要为油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等,不饱和脂肪酸占87.12%,饱和脂肪酸占11.75%,有较高的营养价值,值得开发利用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the