采用自抗扰控制的空间激光通信精跟踪系统

空间激光通信的视轴稳定是激光通信链路建立的前提。针对通信终端载体的非线性扰动和扰动模型未知造成视轴稳态误差较大的问题,设计了自抗扰控制方法,并采用模糊控制理论自适应调整非线性状态误差反馈控制律中的相关参数。实验结果表明,与自适应PID控制方法相比,采用模糊自抗扰控制方法可以有效抑制平台的非线性扰动,并且具有较快的响应速度与较强的鲁棒性,可以满足系统的稳态精度要求。     

机载激光通信的重复自抗扰视轴稳定控制

机载激光通信的视轴稳定是建立激光通信链路的前提。针对通信终端载体的非线性扰动和扰动模型未知造成视轴稳态误差较大的问题,结合自抗扰控制与重复控制,提出了重复控制补偿自抗扰算法,以完全消除周期性稳态跟踪误差。仿真实验结果表明,与自适应PID控制方法相比,重复控制补偿自抗扰算法可以有效抑制平台的非线性扰动,提高了系统的稳态精度,并且具有较快的响应速度与较强的鲁棒性。     

采用自调整模糊变结构控制的机载激光通信视轴稳定研究

机载激光通信的动态视轴稳定是建立激光通信链路的首要前提,传统的粗跟踪控制方法不能克服载体扰动及参数变化对系统的不利影响,影响了视轴稳定精度。根据控制系统的任务,将论域自调整模糊控制与滑模变结构控制的思想相融合,在稳定的误差相平面内构造稳定的滑模面。理论分析和模拟实验结果表明,该方法消除了系统的抖振现象,改善了系统的瞬态性能,对机载通信平台受到的扰动及参数变化具有完全的自适应性。因此自调整模糊变结构控制具有一定鲁棒性,且控制算法简单,可望获得工程应用。     

光电稳定平台神经网络自抗扰控制方法

提出了一种采用BP神经网络对自抗扰控制器中的非线性扩张状态观测器进行参数整定的方法,简化了非线性扩张状态观测器繁琐的参数整定过程,并对这种结合了BP神经网络的自抗扰控制系统进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,加入BP神经网络的自抗扰控制系统可以显著地提高机载光电稳定平台的扰动隔离度,控制效果明显比传统自抗扰控制方法好,对提高机载光电稳定平台的视轴稳定精度具有重要意义。     

机载激光通信的模糊神经网络PID视轴稳定控制

机载激光通信的视轴稳定是建立激光通信链路的前提。为了有效地克服载体扰动与参量改变对粗跟踪系统视轴稳定的不利影响,设计了一种基于模糊神经网络的比例-积分-微分（PID）控制方法。该方法结合模糊理论的非线性控制能力与神经网络的自主学习能力,实现了对PID参量的实时在线调整。结果表明,与传统PID控制方法相比,模糊神经网络PID控制方法提高了系统的动态响应速度,减小了系统超调量,当载体受到扰动与参量改变时,具有较强的自适应性和鲁棒性。     

基于自抗扰控制的光电平台视轴稳定技术研究

针对影响光电平台控制精度的载体速度扰动以及测量噪声等因素,设计了扰动自抗扰以及滤波控制的两部分控制策略。首先,通过分析光电平台伺服系统速度稳定环的数学模型中扰动作用原理,等效各个扰动作用并提出扰动总和思想,设计了基于降阶扩张状态观测器的自抗扰控制器。其次,利用卡尔曼滤波器对系统中测量噪声进行了滤波处理,降低了扩张状态观测器的估计误差。最后,详细地进行了传统PI控制系统与文中设计的卡尔曼自抗扰控制系统的对比实验。实验结果表明,在设计带宽相同的情况下,卡尔曼自抗扰控制系统相比PI控制系统的阶跃响应稳定时间减小32.53%,超调幅值减小72.73%;当使用摇摆台引入幅值为1频率、在2.5 Hz以内的正弦扰动时,卡尔曼自抗扰控制系统较PI控制系统的扰动隔离度提升了54.67%以上;在系统模型参数改变15%范围内,卡尔曼自抗扰控制系统仍具有优异的扰动隔离性能,表现出较强鲁棒性,满足光电平台视轴稳定的性能要求,对提升视轴稳定精度有较高实用价值。     

机载光电稳定平台自抗扰控制研究

为了提高机载光电稳定平台的稳定精度,在分析研究机载光电稳定平台工作原理的基础上,对稳定控制回路进行了分析建模,简要分析了影响稳定平台精度的因素和经典控制算法存在的不足,提出了基于自抗扰控制技术的改进算法。首先,将电机模型进行处理,简化为二阶积分串联型环节;然后,设计扩张观测器对扰动进行实时估计,设计带扰动补偿的反馈控制律;最后,仿真测试了自抗扰控制器对扰动的抑制能力,并与现有的经典控制方法进行对比。仿真结果表明,自抗扰控制能够有效地抑制各种扰动的影响,与经典控制算法相比,抗干扰能力有明显增强,速度稳定精度和视轴稳定精度也有较明显的提高。     

基于自抗扰控制的无人机光电载荷视轴稳定技术

无人机系统重要的侦察设备是光电载荷。为了使光电载荷获得清晰的图像,提出了新的控制策略,以抑制视轴的扰动。首先,以两轴两框架光电载荷为研究对象,分析了其结构和工作原理;然后,分析了影响视轴稳定精度的扰动因素并将其分类;接着,提出了双速度环控制策略,设计了自抗扰稳定控制器;实验研究表明,采用该视轴稳定技术的光电载荷,其扰动抑制的效果能够达到技术指标要求。     

光电稳定平台变论域模糊自抗扰控制器设计

为了提高线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)应用下的光电稳定平台稳定精度及抗干扰能力,提出一种变论域模糊自抗扰控制(VFADRC)方法.在系统模型未知的情况下,在线性自抗扰的设计中引入不依赖模型信息的模糊控制器,使用伸缩因子函数实现变论域设计,并将VFADRC与线性自抗扰及模型辅助自抗扰(MLADRC)方法进行仿真对比.仿真结...     

机载激光通信终端的模糊变结构跟踪方法研究

机载激光通信系统中视轴的稳定性决定了通信质量的高低,该过程是一个典型的非线性问题.为保证通信链路的建立与稳定,提出一种模糊变结构控制方法.借助变结构思想将模型线性化处理,并用模糊算法来确定切换增益的取值,以削弱抖振.该方法响应迅速且易于实现.仿真结果表明,该方法对机载环境下的激光通信终端所受到的扰动与系统参数摄动具有很好的抑制作用,能够实现视轴的快速稳定跟踪.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.