微量Ca元素对AZ31镁合金热变形行为的影响

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对AZ31镁合金及添加0.2%(质量分数)Ca的AZ31(AZ31-0.2Ca)镁合金在变形温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0.001～1 s~(-1)范围内进行等温热压缩实验。基于流变应力曲线,结合双曲正弦函数建立的本构方程与动态材料模型(DMM)构建的加工图,系统地分析了Ca元素对AZ31镁合金热变形行为的影响。结果表明,与AZ31镁合金相比,AZ31-0.2Ca镁合金在较低温度和较高应变速率下的流变应力水平得到提高,应力指数n值有所减小,但热变形激活能Q值变化不大。此外,添加Ca元素能够扩大AZ31镁合金的可加工区域。AZ31-0.2Ca镁合金的最优加工区域为:温度400～490℃、应变速率0.001～0.01 s~(-1)和温度420～480℃、应变速率0.2～1 s~(-1)。     

挤压态AZ40镁合金热变形行为及热加工图分析

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对挤压态AZ40合金进行热压缩实验,分析压缩后不同温度真应力-应变曲线的变化趋势,得到流变应力受变形温度和应变速率等因素的影响规律;在双曲正弦关系的基础上构造挤压态AZ40合金的本构方程,在动态材料模型(DMM)基础上建立挤压态AZ40合金的热加工图,从而确定挤压态AZ40镁合金的热变形加工范围.结果表明:明显的动态再结晶是挤压态AZ40镁合金流变曲线的特点,在压缩过程中,随变形温度的升高,挤压态AZ40镁合金的峰值应力减小;随应变速率升高,挤压态AZ40镁合金的峰值应力增大.当变形温度相同时,动态再结晶晶粒比例随着应变速率的升高而降低;当应变速率相同时,动态再结晶晶粒大小随着变形温度的升高而增大.粗大的未再结晶晶粒有明显的<1010>‖ND和<21-1-0>‖ND两种取向,而再结晶晶粒取向随机;通过热加工图及组织分析,确定了最佳的加工工艺为T=573 K,ε·=0.1 s-1.     

漂珠/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩变形行为

采用搅拌铸造法制备了漂珠(FAC)/AZ91D镁合金复合材料。研究了该复合材料的高温压缩变形行为,分析了压缩变形温度和应变率对FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料压缩变形行为的影响规律,并计算了其热变形激活能。结果表明:FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩真应力-真应变曲线分为4个阶段:弹性变形、加工硬化、峰值应力和稳态流变阶段。相同应变率下,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的峰值应力和稳态流变应力随压缩变形温度的升高而降低;相同压缩变形温度下,流变应力随应变率增大而升高。在相同应变率或相同压缩变形温度下,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的热变形激活能随压缩应变率或压缩变形温度的升高而增大,其热压缩行为可以用双曲正弦函数形式的Arrhenius关系来描述。压缩变形温度与应变率对FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩组织均有重要影响。提高压缩变形温度或增大应变率,均可加速动态再结晶的进程。     

异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材的超塑性工艺及变形机制

经过异步轧制工艺获得AZ31镁合金薄板。在300~450℃范围内,分别通过5×10-3,1×10-3s-1和5×10-4s-1不同应变速率进行高温拉伸实验研究其超塑性变形行为,计算应变速率敏感指数m值、超塑性变形激活能Q及门槛应力σ0值。通过EBSD分析和扫描电镜观察拉伸断裂后的断口形貌,分析AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形机制。结果表明:AZ31镁合金的塑性变形能力随着变形温度的升高及应变速率的降低而增强。当拉伸温度为400℃、m=0.72、应变速率为5×10-4s-1时,AZ31具有良好的超塑性,伸长率最大为206%。温度为400℃时,异步轧制AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形是以晶格扩散控制的晶界滑移和基面滑移共同完成的。     

Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr-1Ag镁合金热压缩变形行为研究

为了考察Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr-1Ag镁合金在不同条件下的变形行为,采用Gleeble2000热模拟机对该合金进行研究,分析了该合金在变形温度350~500℃,应变速率0.001~1 s-1条件下流变应力的变化规律.研究结果表明:变形温度和应变速率对流变应力有显著的影响,流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低;在应变速率相同的情况下,合金在较高温度下变形时,流变应力随应变量的增加达到峰值后,基本呈稳态流变特征;采用双曲正弦模型计算出该合金的变形激活能和应力指数,建立了该合金相应的热变形本构关系.     

基于BP神经网络的AZ31镁合金加工图参数优化

基于Gleeble-1500热模拟机测定的AZ31镁合金热压缩实验数据,通过BP神经网络对数据进行训练,建立了流变应力与应变、应变速率和温度相对应的预测模型,采用该模型的预测数据构造了AZ31的加工图。结果表明:AZ31流变失稳区分布在低温高应变速率区和中温较低应变速率区,当温度为340~440℃、应变速率为0.01~0.02s-1时功率耗散因子较大,为加工性较好的区域;利用经过训练的神经网络模型,流变应力的网络预测值与实验值能够很好地吻合,其最大相对误差为6.67%;不同变形条件绘制的加工图表明AZ31是应变不敏感、但对温度和应变速率敏感的材料。     

ZK60和ZK60-1.0Er镁合金热压缩变形和加工图

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对ZK60和ZK60-1.0Er镁合金进行了热压缩实验,分析了合金在温度为160~420℃,应变速率为0.0001~1.0s-1条件下的流变应力变化特征。结果表明:两种镁合金在热压缩过程中的流变应力随变形温度的降低和应变速率的升高而增加,在流变应力达到峰值后随即进入稳态流变;稀土Er的加入使得平均变形激活能珚Q值由183kJ/mol降到153kJ/mol,应力指数n值由6提高到8;发生动态再结晶的临界应力σc值随变形温度升高和应变速率降低而降低,在420℃/1.0s-1高温高应变速率时,稀土Er的加入使得ZK60镁合金发生动态再结晶的临界应力值σc由76MPa降到50MPa。通过动态模型构建热加工图并结合金相组织观察可知:稀土Er的加入缩小了ZK60镁合金的热加工失稳区,增加了热加工安全区的功率耗散效率峰值η_(max),由35%增大到45%,促进了动态再结晶晶粒的形核,但抑制了再结晶晶粒的长大。     

AZ31B镁合金管材热态内压成形性能的研究

为了研究变形镁合金AZ31B管材的热态内压成形性能,通过单向拉伸测试了不同温度和应变速率下其力学性能的变化,通过胀形实验研究了温度对内高压成形性能的影响,以及相应变形条件下微观组织的变化.实验结果表明:在20～300℃时,AZ31B的屈服强度和抗拉强度随着温度的升高而降低,总伸长率随着温度的升高而提高,均匀伸长率随着温度的升高先增大后减小;当应变速率在0.001～0.1s-1时,屈服强度和抗拉强度随应变速率的增大而升高,总伸长率随着应变速率的增大而减小,均匀伸长率随着应变速率的增大先增加后减小;当温度在20～250℃时,镁合金管材的极限胀形率随温度的升高先增大后减小,在175℃时达到最大值.微观组织观察表明,175℃下不完全动态再结晶和孪晶两种微观组织的出现是使镁合金管材极限胀形率提高的主要原因.     

基于人工神经网络的Mg-Zn-Zr-Ce合金热压缩变形研究

为研究含稀土元素铈的镁合金中高温流变行为,利用热模拟试验机对Mg-6Zn-0.5Zr-1.5Ce合金在变形温度523～673 K、应变速率0.001～1 s-1范围内进行热压缩实验.基于真应力真应变实验数据构建了单隐层前馈误差反向传播人工神经网络模型,利用该模型对ZK60-1.5Ce合金的流变应力行为进行预测,并分析了变形温度、应变速率与真应变对流变应力的影响.研究表明:Ce添加可显著细化晶粒;该镁合金的流变应力随变形温度降低和应变速率升高而增加;其流变应力行为可用双曲正弦函数进行描述,依据峰值应力拟合求得该合金的表观激活能为161.13 kJ/mol;变形温度和应变速率对流变应力的影响高于真应变.所建立的人工神经网络模型可以很好地描述该镁合金的流变应力,其预测值与实验数值吻合良好.     

ZK60镁合金的热压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机在温度250～400℃、应变速率0.001～1s-1、最大变形程度105%的条件下对ZK60镁合金进行了高温压缩模拟实验研究。分析了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力和应变速率及变形温度之间的关系,计算了变形激活能和应力指数,并观察了热压缩变形过程中组织的变化。结果表明,合金的峰值流变应力随应变速率的增大而增加,随温度的升高而减小;在给定的变形条件下,计算出合金的变形激活能为63～130kJ/mol,应力指数为2.78～3.79;降低变形温度和提高应变速率可使再结晶晶粒的平均尺寸减小。     

AZ31镁合金轧制工艺的研究

对AZ31镁合金在400℃条件下的轧制工艺进行了研究,在不同压下量、不同道次条件下分别进行了轧制实验,并对轧制后AZ31板材的组织和力学性能进行了研究。实验结果表明:在400℃条件下,以小变形量轧制,每道次压下量为1mm时,较好的加工工艺条件为轧制到第8道次,累积变形量50%;每道次轧制压下量为2mm时,较好的加工工艺条件为轧制到第2道次,累积变形量为25%;AZ31镁合金在大变形量下轧制易产生裂纹,裂纹的产生可能是由于随着累积变形量增加,内应力激增,在难变形的硬取向晶粒区或第二相处产生应力集中,萌生裂纹。裂纹尖端扩展经过的区域变形量较大,因而裂纹两侧存在再结晶细晶区域。     

Modeling high-temperature tensile deformation behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy considering strain effects

The hot tensile deformation behaviors of AZ31B magnesium alloy are investigated over wide ranges of forming temperature and strain rate. Considering the effects of strain on material constants, a comprehensive constitutive model is applied to describe the relationships of flow stress, strain rate and forming temperature for AZ31B magnesium alloy. The results show that: (1) The effects of forming temperature and strain rate on the flow behaviors of AZ31B magnesium alloy are significant. The true stress–true strain curves exhibit a peak stress at small strains, after which the flow stress decreases until large strain, showing an obvious dynamic softening behavior. A considerable strain hardening stage with a uniform macroscopic deformation appears under the temperatures of 523 and 573 K. The strain hardening exponent (n) increases with the increase of strain rate or the decrease of forming temperature. There are not obvious strain-hardening stages when the forming temperature is relatively high, which indicates that the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurs under the high forming temperature, and the balance of strain hardening and DRX softening is easy to obtain. (2) The predicted stress–strain values by the established model well agree with experimental results, which confirm that the established constitutive equation can give an accurate and precise estimate of the flow stress for AZ31B magnesium alloy.     

Tearing energy of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets determined by the multiple tensile testing method

Tearing energy of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets in the annealed (O-tempered) and half-hard (H24) conditions was studied in both rolling and transverse directions by the multiple tensile testing method. The results showed that while plastic deformation energy was primarily controlled by the strain hardening exponent, tearing energy was directly related to the neck breadth parameter N, which depends on the strain hardening, strain rate hardening, and plastic anisotropy of the tested sheets. It was also found that the tearing energies obtained for the annealed AZ31 sheets were comparable to those of AA5010 aluminium sheets, while the plastic deformation energies were much higher than those of aluminium sheets. This may imply that AZ31 magnesium sheets can be potential candidates for dissipating the impact energy in the vehicles structures which are prone to collision.     

Drawability of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet produced by equal channel angular rolling at room temperature

The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of improved drawability of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet produced by equal channel angular rolling process at room temperature. Although with similar optical microstructure, the limiting drawing ratio of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet is improved from 1.2 to 1.6 for the specimens before and after equal channel angular rolling, which is due to the changing crystal orientation that induces shear deformation through this process. The enhanced drawability in AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet provides the possibility for drawing at ambient temperature by controlling the crystal orientation in AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet.     

Influence of rolling temperature on static recrystallization behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Poor formability of rolled magnesium (Mg) alloys extremely restricts applications in form of sheets originating from formation of strong basal texture. Recently, we found that increasing rolling temperature from 723 to 798 K for a AZ31 Mg alloy can significantly improve stretch formability due to remarkable texture weakening after annealing. In this study, static recrystallization behaviors of AZ31 alloy sheets rolled at 723 and 798 K were investigated by electron backscattered diffraction analyses at different annealing stages in order to understand the origin of high temperature rolling on texture weakening. For both sheets, similar deformation microstructures with approximately the same types and fractions of twins exist in the as-rolled condition and recrystallized grains are mainly formed at pre-existing grain boundaries due to discontinuous recrystallization during subsequent annealing. However, only the basal texture of the latter remarkably weakens due to the formation of new recrystallized grains with well-dispersed orientations. Non-basal slips enhanced during high temperature rolling at 798 K are most likely responsible for the texture randomization as a result of rotations of recrystallization nuclei.     

初始晶粒尺寸对高温交叉轧制镁合金板材组织和力学性能的影响

目的 揭示晶粒尺寸对多道次高温交叉轧制AZ31镁合金板材组织和力学性能的影响规律及机制.方法 通过对不同初始晶粒尺寸的镁合金板材进行高温交叉轧制变形及热处理,获得不同状态的镁合金板材,采用金相显微分析、X射线衍射(XRD)分析及室温拉伸实验等手段研究镁合金板材的晶粒组织(形态、尺寸、取向)及力学性能.结果 经过多道次交...     

循环道次对高温叠轧AZ31镁合金板材组织与性能的影响

目的通过高温累积叠轧工艺制备出高强度的镁合金,并研究该过程中循环道次对AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织与性能的具体影响。方法对累积叠轧1～5次板材进行微观组织观察,并进行显微硬度的测试,得到不同板材的硬度值,通过X射线衍射分析得到不同板材的取向结果,最终进行力学性能实验,并对比分析。结果随着循环道次的增加,板材抗拉强度有明显改变。从260 MPa先增加至310 MPa,最后稳定在350 MPa左右;非基面织构比重增加;断裂伸长率先降低后升高并稳定在10%左右。结论累积叠轧工艺使得AZ31镁合金板材产生了加工硬化,并显著细化了晶粒。循环道次的增加、孪晶产生和晶界数量显著增多导致强度进一步提高。     

Effect of Equal-Channel Angular Rolling Pass on Microstructure and Properties of Magnesium Alloy Sheets

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of rolling pass on AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets, which were produced by a new concept process, so-called equal-channel angular rolling process. Processing that causes continuous shearing deformation leads to a shifting of the crystal orientation from basal plane to non-basal plane. Compared with the as-received specimens, a lower yield strength and a higher ductility of the specimens produced by equal-channel angular rolling in tensile tests at ambient temperature were presented because of the non-basal crystal orientation. Drawability was also improved greatly.     

The modified temperature term on Johnson Cook model for AZ31 magnesium alloy

The quasi‐state and dynamic mechanism of AZ31 magnesium alloy at a strain rates range of 0.001 s^‐1–2500 s^‐1 under a temperature range of 20 °C–250 °C were researched by compression tests using the electronic universal testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar system. The true stress‐strain curves at different strain rates and evaluated temperatures were obtained. The result shows that the thermal soften effect of AZ31 magnesium alloy is significant. By modifying the temperature term of the original Johnson Cook model of AZ31 magnesium alloy, a modified Johnson Cook model of AZ31 magnesium alloy has been proposed to reveal thermal soften effect on the deformation behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy more precisely. With the modified Johnson Cook model and fracture model, the finite element method simulation of AZ31 magnesium alloy hat shaped specimen under impacting was conducted. The numerical simulation result is consistent with the experimental result, which indicates that the modified Johnson Cook model and fracture model are greatly valid to predict the deformation and fracture behavior of the AZ31 magnesium alloy hat shaped specimen under impacting.