固相萃取分离煤直接液化全馏分油族组成研究

煤直接液化全馏分油组成复杂,深入认识煤直接液化油化学组成时,一般要分离成饱和烃、芳烃、胶质等不同的族组分,然后再对每一组分进行详细的分析表征,固相萃取是快速、高效分离油品族组成的方法之一。根据煤直接液化全馏分油的特点,重点研究了固相萃取法分离煤直接液化油族组成时,固相萃取材料与样品重量比、饱和烃洗脱溶剂加入量、溶剂洗脱速率等对煤直接液化油中饱和烃和芳烃组分分离效果的影响,获得了最佳分离条件。     

煤中各族组分FTIR解析

采用全组分分离法将徐州夹河气煤(JHM)、河南平顶山煤(PDSM)、徐州庞庄煤(XZM)和山西介休焦煤(JXM)分离成萃余煤组分、沥青质组分、精煤组分和轻质组分四大族组分,通过FTIR比对研究各族组分的官能团结构特征。结果表明:酚、醇、醚等含氧化合物主要富集于精煤组分,沥青质组分中也有一定含量;脂肪族物质主要富集于沥青质组分;而芳香族物质与矿物质主要富集于萃余煤组分;轻质组分中含有很少量酚、醇和醚类物质。回收NMP溶剂可促进酚、醇类物质的溶解。脂肪族物质更易于在二级萃取中溶出。     

煤的族组分基本特性研究

以徐州庞庄煤、河南平顶山煤和山西介休煤为研究对象,利用CS_2/NMP混合溶剂和反萃取剂将煤全组分分离成萃余煤组分、沥青质组分、精煤组分和轻质组分四大族组分。通过SEM、FTIR探讨族组分微观形态,同时测定族组分的工业分析指标、粘结指数、収热量以及真密度,对比研究各族组分的基本特性。结果表明,同一煤样不同族组分之间的组成结极差异很大,而不同煤样的同一族组分之间存在枀高的统一性。精煤组分为褐色絮团状颗粒,疏松质轻,微观上呈现出一种蜂窝状或巢状结极分布,孔隙収达,以含氧基团较多的酚、醇、醌酮等芳香族化合物为主;沥青质组分为深黑色,表面晶莹透亮,有直形或弧形边界均一块体,富含脂肪族化合物,微观上是大小均一且高度堆积黏连的灰白色小球体,迚入反萃取剂时小球体经历了融幵长大的过程。二者为煤中靠溶剂的浮沉作用悬浮到溶剂中的中型分子,比萃余煤组分有较多的侧链和官能团,挥収分产率较高,灰分少而密度小,粘结能力尤其以沥青质组分较强。萃余煤组分是不被溶剂溶解的大分子基底,结极致密,芳香族成分多,密度最大,灰分含量最高,挥収分与収热量低,基本无粘结能力。     

精煤组分与沥青质组分性质研究

以徐州夹河气煤、河南平顶山肥煤为研究对象,利用CS2/NMP混合溶剂和反萃取剂在温和条件下将煤全组分分离成萃余煤组分、沥青质组分、精煤组分和轻质组分四大族组分。通过扫描电镜(SEM)探讨精煤组分和沥青质组分微观形态,并针对精煤组分与沥青质组分可能的加工利用方向,分别测定沥青质组分的软化点、QI含量、N和S含量;精煤组分颗粒粒度分布、油煤浆流变特性等。结果表明,精煤组分是孔隙高度发达且呈蜂窝状的质轻疏松体,制备的精细油煤浆具有明显的剪切稀化流变特性,经溶胀煤浆黏度增大,通过升高浆体温度降低黏度,成浆性、流动性和稳定性优良。沥青质组分为400nm左右高度聚集的大小均匀小球体,QI含量(0.22%)极低,灰分产率低,软化点150℃,是制备碳纤维的优良原料。     

煤沥青与橡胶改质筑路油族组成分析

利用石油道路沥青 ４ 组分分离方法,测定了石油沥青、石油道路沥青以及煤沥青的族组成。利用该测定结果指导煤沥青橡胶改质筑路油的开发和橡胶改质的机理研究,并在此基础上成功地开发出高质量的煤沥青筑路油新产品。建立了能关联煤沥青组成与软化点之间关系的方程。     

回收NMP-CS2混合溶剂萃取原煤基本性状研究

以平顶山煤和徐州煤为原料,利用回收NMP与CS_2混合溶剂和反萃取剂将两种煤全组分分离成萃余煤组分、沥青质组分、精煤组分和轻质组分四大族组分,主要对比原煤及各族组分的真密度、工业分析与元素分析。结果表明,萃余煤组分真密度最大,分别为1.59和1.45,精煤组分与沥青质组分真密度低于原煤。轻质组分具有较多非共价键成键点,易与水分子形成氢键,水分含量最高,分别为6.09%和5.77%,而萃余煤组分水分含量最低,分别为0.96%和0.63%。沥青质组分接近无灰。挥发分含量以轻质组分沥青质组分精煤组分原煤萃余煤组分顺序降低。C元素含量以精煤组分与沥青质组分相对较高,萃余煤组分C元素含量较两者偏低,分别为80.91%和80.65%。轻质组分中N、O和S元素含量较高,C元素含量最低。     

童亭煤族组分的溶剂萃取及萃取物分析

采用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮和氯仿4种溶剂对童亭煤经CS2/NMP混合溶剂萃取和反萃取所分离的3个族组分(沥青质组分、精煤和萃余煤组分)进行索氏分级分次萃取,以FTIR和GC为分析测试手段,研究各组分萃取物的结构特征和其中小分子的赋存规律。结果表明:各族组分在不同溶剂中溶解能力差异显著,沥青质组分在正己烷中有很高的萃取率,而精煤则在丙酮中有大量物质被溶出,萃余煤在氯仿中表现出较高的可溶性;各族组分可溶物在溶出行为和组成结构上既有相似性又存在一定的差别;各族组分可溶物中均有小分子化合物存在,且这些GC可检测的小分子主要集中于一定的保留时间区域内;不同族组分中的小分子的赋存形态具有相似性,且这种赋存形态是影响小分子溶出行为的决定性因素。     

煤的族组分形成机理研究

采用CS2/NMP混合溶剂和反萃取剂,将徐州夹河煤在常温常压下分离为萃余煤组分、沥青质组分、精煤组分和轻质组分四大族组分,通过扫描电镜(SEM)对混合溶剂萃取、反萃取过程进行了追踪研究,主要探讨了族组分中精煤组分和沥青质组分形成的微观机理.结果表明,精煤组分和沥青质组分均是以微纳米颗粒形式从煤大分子基质悬浮到萃取液中,两种颗粒在后续反萃取过程中均发生融并现象.以深灰色呈现的精煤组分颗粒在加入反萃取剂后,融并为网孔状或表层均一的块体;以灰白色(或亮白色)呈现的沥青质组分颗粒在加入反萃取剂前后由分散聚集变为高度聚集,进一步融并成表面极为光滑均一的块体,最后经历了合并和长大的过程,于少量NMP中重新分散成大小均匀的小球体.     

煤直接液化粗油提质加工工艺研究现状

分析对比了煤直接液化油的汽油和柴油馏分与石油基汽油和柴油馏分杂原子含量和族组分的差异,指出煤直接液化油中氮和芳烃含量高,需要经过苛刻的加工改质,才能作为车用内燃机燃料使用。介绍了煤液化粗油提质加工的研究现状,讨论了油品加氢催化剂和不同馏分产物的加氢提质工艺,展望了该工艺的发展趋势。     

石油族组分分离及分析方法研究现状

石油族组分是石油评价的一项重要指标,能够对石油有机质进行定量及定性描述,为石油开采提供了可靠地数据支持;同时也能够为原油的成分、演化、成熟情况提供证据.本文从族组分分离及分析两方面来叙述,重点对族组分分离方法介绍,其分离方法包括柱色谱、TLC-FID、HPLC等方法,分析常用手段有GC、GC-MS、FT-IR、NMR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR等方法.     

煤化工有机废渣萃取处理的研究进展

煤化工有机废渣是煤化工生产过程中产生的有毒有害的有机固体废弃物,有强烈的刺激性气味,对人类及环境都有巨大的危害,一般归属于危险废物。为了更加有效地处理这些废渣,在分析国内外煤化工有机废渣处理技术的基础上,对煤化工有机废渣的各种萃取处理技术——普通溶剂萃取分离法、超临界萃取分离法、溶剂油萃取分离法、离子液体溶剂萃取分离法、切换溶剂萃取法等进行了详细介绍,并比较了各方法的优缺点,对比分析了各类萃取溶剂、萃取工艺,以期为未来煤化工有机废渣的处理提供参考。     

High-efficiency separation of oil sands using ChCl-based deep eutectic solvents

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a kind of potential lixiviant for extraction processing. Unlike conventional ionic liquids (ILs), DESs are relatively cheap and environmentally friendly. Herein, three different ChCl-based DESs, namely, choline chloride/urea, choline chloride/ethylene glycol, as well as choline chloride/propandioic acid, were synthesized and used to enhance bitumen recovery from oil sand by petroleum ether extraction. The results showed a multiphase system formed after mixing the components at ~25°C, consisting of sands and clays, a DES layer, and a petroleum ether layer containing the bitumen. These DESs were immiscible with bitumen or petroleum ether. Coupled with a density difference, a clear phase separation was presented between the bitumen–petroleum ether mixture and DES. The DES functioned as a separating agent, keeping the petroleum ether–bitumen mixture and spent sand apart from each other. The results showed that the bitumen recovery was increased by ~12% compared with that without the DESs. We deduced that the enhancement in the separation may result from the reduction of adhesion between bitumen and sand by the DESs. The ChCl-based DESs and petroleum ether could be readily recycled to reduce industrial costs. After 10 cycles, the bitumen recovery remained above 86%.     

Extraction of tocopherols from the deodorized distillate of soybean oil with liquefied petroleum gas

Deodorizer distillate, produced during the last processing step of edible oil refinement, is a mixture of tocopherols, sterols, fatty acids, glycerides, hydrocarbons, water and other materials. The amount of tocopherols in deodorizer distillate is large enough to be considered as raw material for vitamin E preparation. In this work, separation of tocopherols from sterols has been achieved using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) extraction. LPG was chosen as extraction solvent in order to improve extract recovery and prevent tocopherol degradation.     

Analysis of Intermolecular Complexes of Coal’s Organic Mass in the Search for Composite Flotation Reagents

Cyclic oxygen-bearing compounds and products of petroleum processing are considered as potential composite reagents. In searching for highly effective composite reagents differing in structure and elementary composition, one possible criterion is the energy of the hydrogen bond in intermolecular complexes between the reagent and the coal’s organic mass. The hydrogen-bond energy in intermolecular complexes between the reagent (cyclic siloxanes) and the coal’s organic mass is much higher than that in intermolecular complexes between water and the coal’s organic mass. That is responsible for the reagents’ high flotational activity. The use of distillation residues from the production of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane improves the extraction of combustible mass in the concentrate in comparison with that currently attained at coal-enrichment facilities. In addition, the reagent consumption is decreased. Products of petroleum processing whose group chemical composition includes cyclic organosilicon compounds are recommended for industrial tests at Russian coal-enrichment facilities.     

煤的溶剂萃取研究进展

综述了近年来溶剂萃取煤的研究进展 ,讨论了影响萃取率的主要因素 ,包括溶剂、煤阶、煤岩组分及辅助手段等以及单一及混合溶剂的萃取机理。指出从分子水平上对煤进行分离进而分析是确定煤的化学结构的关键 ,而可溶化是从分子水平上分离煤的必要条件。溶剂分级萃取是一种行之有效的萃取方法 ,并提出了煤的溶剂萃取技术的若干研究方向     

环境中石油污染物的检测与分析方法研究

石油污染对环境造成的危害越来越大,但是石油烃的测定还没有统一的方法。详细地介绍了石油污染物的萃取剂和标准油品的选择、石油烃的萃取、组分的分离方法等,并对石油烃不同测定方法的适用范围和优、缺点进行了分析,为环境中石油污染物的检测分析提供参考。     

煤焦油低温萃取技术中影响萘收率因素的探讨

介绍了枣庄矿业集团煤化工研究院有限公司与中国矿业大学联合开发的煤焦油低温萃取分离技术,对萃取操作中影响轻质组分中萘收率的因素,如萃取温度、萃取次数、搅拌时间等进行了讨论,确定了萘分离的条件。     

煤焦油分离技术研究

阐述了国内外煤焦油加工工艺的现状及进展,系统地总结了精细蒸馏、共沸蒸馏、晶析、吸附等新工艺以及超临界流体萃取、高压晶析、形成络合物、反应分离、膜分离和溶剂萃取等多种分离新技术在煤焦油组分分离上的研究与开发．提出在深入研究煤焦油中各组分间相互作用的基础上,将先进的分离技术与传统工艺有机地结合,可望在简化工艺、降低能耗和消除环境污染的前提下,大幅度改善煤焦油的分离效果．     

Mild coal extraction for the production of anode coke from Blue Gem coal

The quality and availability of petroleum coke used in the manufacture of carbon anodes for aluminum production is a growing concern to the industry. Coke quality and yields have progressively declined as changes in refinery practice and the move towards processing an increasing proportion of heavier sour crudes have affected coke properties, resulting in an increase in the metal impurities and sulfur content of the coke. An alternative supply of anode coke is required to supplement or eventually replace calcined petroleum coke. The significant domestic reserves of coal could represent a viable carbon resource for anode production, provided defined coke specifications can be met and at a cost that is economically viable.The principal objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of producing anode grade coke by the UKCAER process for the mild solvent extraction of coal. Blue Gem coal from Eastern Kentucky was dissolved in a high boiling point solvent, the mineral matter and unreacted products removed by filtration, and the clean coal liquid converted to coke. The performance of the coal in solvent extraction was compared to a very reactive coal from Western Kentucky. A simple solvent-extraction screening test was established to assess potential candidate materials and process variables without the need for prolonged and complex routines. The coals were assessed in more detail to determine the optimum process conditions by conducting larger scale extraction tests to yield sufficient material for conversion to coke. The green cokes were calcined and the products characterized. The composition and structure of the calcined cokes were compared to typical petroleum coke and assessed for their use in the fabrication of carbon anodes.     

徐州镜煤分级分次萃取物的FTIR分析

为了研究煤中可溶有机质的存在方式与溶出行为,采用石油醚和CS2两种溶剂对徐州镜煤进行分级分次萃取,并以FTIR对各次萃取物进行了分析．结果表明：两种溶剂萃取物重要基团FTIR吸收峰随时间的变化关系均呈波形曲线变化规律;石油醚萃取时溶出的主要是煤中以游离态存在的可溶分子,脂肪族成分和含OH（-NH）的成分是其主要产物,且均以中、长链的成分为主;而CS2萃取除溶出游离态的可溶分子外,还可以渗入煤孔隙中溶出孔隙内的可溶分子,且可溶物中有大量的某种特定链长的脂肪族成分存在,而含OH（-NH）的成分则以短链的为主．