射频损耗下EAST四电流带ICRF天线电流带热-结构分析

为实现EAST装置等离子体高参数、稳态运行目标,需要高功率外部辅助加热,离子回旋共振(ICRF)加热是主要的辅助加热手段之一。由于ICRF天线运行频率高,因此ICRF天线的射频损耗较大,在天线表面的热负载较大。本文对EAST ICRF天线进行电磁分析的基础上得到天线的射频损耗分布。根据天线的射频损耗分布完成冷却流道设计,并通过对天线的热结构分析推算电流带的使用寿命,同时验证冷却流道结构设计的可行性与可靠性。     

EAST装置ICRF天线电特性分析与优化研究

射频波加热是磁约束核聚变装置的重要加热方式.本论文基于 EAST 装置离子回旋共振(ICRF)加热天线结构和运行参数,运用高频分析方法对 ICRF天线开展电特性分析模拟,获得 ICRF天线射频电势和电场分布特性,初步评估了天线电特性.基于天线电场分布特性和分析结果,从天线结构和运行相位两方面对 ICRF天线电特性进行了...     

EASTICRF天线法拉第屏蔽的热-结构分析

在EASTICRF天线中,法拉第屏蔽是ICRF天线中的一个非常重要的部件。实验时,它位于真空室内直接面对等离子体,将承受着很大的热负荷。基于EASTICRF天线法拉第屏蔽结构的安全性,本文利用有限元的方法,首先对热负荷最大的法拉第屏蔽冷却管道在不同水流速下进行热分析,考察在不同水流速工况下法拉第屏蔽冷却管道上的温度分布情况,再通过热 结构耦合方法对法拉第屏蔽冷却管道进行结构分析,了解法拉第屏蔽在不同水流速下的应力大小和分布情况,分析结果为未来EASTICRF天线实验提供理论指导。另外,对法拉第屏蔽冷却管道结构进行了优化改进,并对优化改进后的法拉第屏蔽冷却管道在相同工况下进行了热和热 结构分析,分析结果确定了优化改进后的法拉第屏蔽冷却管道结构的优越性,分析数据为未来法拉第屏蔽冷却管道的优化改进提供理论指导,分析方法为其他同类装置提供有益的参考。     

基于FPGA的EAST-ICRF实时监控系统设计

在全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置(EAST)上进行核聚变试验时,离子回旋共振加热(ICRF)是该试验过程中加热等离子体的主要方法之一,而对发射机、传输线、真空室以及天线中的重要参数进行实时监测是托卡马克装置中ICRF对等离子体进行功率耦合的重要保障。提供了一种采用FPGA的ICRF实时监控系统设计方案、AD9252芯片以及SN74LS14型号施密特触发器进行数据采样,实现对各故障信号的实时显示、报警以及信号源的及时切断,同时利用FPGA可重复编程的特点,便于后期对系统进行维护和升级。     

EASTICRF天线真空馈口热-结构分析

真空馈口是ICRF天线中的一个重要部件,它对ICRF天线起真空密封作用。鉴于真空馈口的重要性和安全性,运用有限元方法对两种形式的真空馈口进行了热和热-结构分析,给出了两种形式的真空馈口上的温度分布和应力分布。结果显示：镀银的真空馈口上的温度变化和应力均小于未镀银的真空馈口上的温度变化和应力,但两种形式的真空馈口上的应力均小于材料的许用应力。分析结果验证了真空馈口结构设计的可行性和安全性。     

EAST上快波电流驱动的数值模拟

针对EAST全超导托卡马克的参数,利用射线追踪法在离子回旋共振频段（ICRF）发射机的工作频段内进行快波电流驱动的数值模拟,找到了一组适合于快波电流驱动的参数。模拟结果表明,发射频率只要避开基频吸收和二次谐频吸收,电流驱动的效果就很明显。     

CFETR增殖包层极向分块对电磁载荷分布影响研究

中国聚变工程实验堆(China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor,CFETR)的增殖包层采用多模块的设计方案,即在环向和极向上由多个包层模块组成。当发生等离子体大破裂或垂直位移事件等电磁工况时,增殖包层上感应产生的巨大电磁载荷将共同作用于背板结构上,严重影响增殖系统的结构稳定性。为了研究增殖包层极向分块对背板电磁载荷分布的影响,使用通用有限元软件ANSYS,实现了一个具有36 ms指数电流猝灭的等离子大破裂工况模拟。首先系统评估了采用U型套管方式的氦冷陶瓷增殖(Helium Cooled Ceramic Breeder,HCCB)包层模块上的电磁力和力矩分布。然后详细比较不同极向分块形式对包层扇段电磁载荷分布的影响。研究结果表明:当高场侧包层模块位置和数目不变时,通过增加低场侧包层的极向分块数目,等离子体大破裂工况在低场侧包层上产生的电磁力和力矩均有所减少。对于高场侧包层,当低场侧包层极向分块增加时,径向方向的电磁力有稍微的增加,其他两个方向变化不明显。此外,随着极向分块数目的增加,高/低场侧包层扇段包层的总电磁力均表现出下降的趋势。     

直动电磁阀电流变化对电磁场特性的敏感性分析

控制棒水压驱动机构是由清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院发明的一项新型专利.直动电磁阀是该项技术的关键部件,它直接影响控制棒水压驱动机构的运行性能.本工作从电流和气隙两个方面,运用ANSYS电磁场分析软件,对直动电磁阀进行了电磁场特性分析,并进行了实验验证.分析结果表明:在电流增大或铁芯间气隙减少情况下,电磁力增大.并确定了电磁阀的工作电流大小.     

高压气体注入缓解等离子体破裂实验研究

通过高压气体注入的方式进行等离子体破裂缓解,已成为目前托卡马克装置破裂缓解的主要研究方向。本文介绍了等离子体破裂防护高压气体快速充气阀的工作原理,应用该快速充气阀在HT-7上进行了高压气体注入实验,并分析了其对等离子体破裂缓解的影响。实验发现,杂质气体的注入可很大程度上提高热辐射强度,降低等离子体温度;调节充气量可改变电流的猝灭率,从而可改变装置所受的电磁力负载。实验表明,该套快速充气阀可完全满足HT-7实验的需求。     

ICRF功率传输系统中预匹配支节设计

在EAST装置内离子回旋共振加热(ICRF)系统中,天线与液态调配器之间传输线上的驻波电压幅值会因为负载阻抗的变化而变得很大,为此设计了ICRF功率传输预匹配支节。本设计采用解析法和Smith圆图法相结合的分析方式,在ICRF系统中安装了预匹配支节,并对其降压效果进行了测试。测试结果表明,安装预匹配支节之后,预匹配支节与液态调配器之间传输线上的驻波电压幅值得到有效降低,可作为优化ICRF功率传输系统功率传输性能的候选者。     

Mechanical design of the second ICRF antenna for EAST

In order to satisfy the requirements of heating plasma on EAST project, 3 MW ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating system will be available at the second stage. Based on this requirement, the second ICRF antenna, has been designed for EAST. The antenna which is planned to operate with a frequency ranging from 30 MHz to 110 MHz, comprises four poloidal current straps. The antenna has many cooling channels inside the current straps, faraday shield and baffle to remove the dissipated RF loss power and incoming plasma heat loads. The antenna is supported via a cantilever support box to the external support structure. Its assembly is plugged in the port and fixed on the support box. External slideway and bellows allow the antenna to be able to move in the radial direction. The key components of the second ICRF antenna has been designed together with structural and thermal analysis presented.     

Resonant loop system for the KSTAR ICRF current drive

The phased current distribution at current straps for the KSTAR ICRF antenna causes a power imbalance at each strap owing to the mutual couplings between current straps. In order to mitigate the effect of coupling, a decoupler connecting two phased feeding lines are designed based on both a lumped element antenna model and a distributed transmission line model. Though the decoupler parameter is dependent on the loading resistance, which depends on plasma condition, an analysis shows that the decoupling is effective in the wide range of loading resistance assuming the low variation of mutual inductance between straps. A circuit analysis also shows that the RF characteristics of a complex RF transmission system are matched well for the asymmetric antenna current spectrum aiming for a non-inductive current drive of KSTAR. The calibration result of decoupler after installation is also discussed.     

Recent ICRF coupling experiments on EAST

Recent ion cyclotron resonance frequency(ICRF) coupling experiments for optimizing ICRF heating in high power discharge were performed on EAST. The coupling experiments were focus on antenna phasing and gas puffing, which were performed separately on two ports of the ion cyclotron resonance heating(ICRH) system of EAST. The antenna phasing was performed on the I-port antenna, which consists of four toroidally spaced radiating straps operating in multiple phasing cases; the coupling performance was better under low wave number ∣k_‖∣(ranging from 4.5 to 6.5). By fuelling the plasma from gas injectors, placed as uniformly spaced array from top to bottom at each side limiter of the B-port antenna, which works in dipole phasing, the coupling resistance of the B-port antenna increased obviously.Furthermore, the coupling resistance of the I-port antenna was insensitive to a smaller rate of gas puffing but when the gas injection rate was more than a certain value(1021 s~(-1)), a sharp increase in the coupling resistance of the I-port antenna occurred, which was mainly caused by the toroidal asymmetric boundary density arising from gas puffing. A more specific analysis is given in the paper.     

Design of improved compact decoupler based on adjustable capacitor for EAST-ICRF antenna

The Ion Cyclotron Radio Frequency (ICRF) heating antenna on EAST adopts a decoupling device to constrain power coupling among the radiation straps, which was discovered shortcomings such as long size, poor contact, and etc. In order to improve these weak points, a new type decoupler with terminal-loaded tunable capacitor is designed to replace the previous design. Besides the capability of the tunable admittance parameters of decoupler, the withstand voltage of the capacitor is the most significant consideration for working under high power. Therefore, the theoretical analysis carefully elaborates the capacitor withstand voltage, and the detailed analytical equations and criteria for design are given. After the comparative analysis of theoretical calculation and 3D simulation results, the decoupler design scheme is finalized. The capacitor-loaded decoupler has been successfully adopted for ICRF antenna at port N on EAST, and achieved the optimization of adjacent port isolation from −22 to −58 dB at 37 MHz without plasma to restrict mutual coupling. The new design of the decoupler has greatly improved its compactness and automatic adjustment performance, and could be good solution for the decoupling network of ICRF antennas.     

Analysis and design of the Alfven wave antenna system for the SUNIST spherical tokamak

Analysis and design of the Alfven wave antenna system for the SUNIST spherical tokamak are presented. Two candidate antenna concepts, folded and unfolded, are analyzed and compared with each other. In the frequency range of Alfven resonance the impedance spectrums of both two concept antennas for major modes are numerically calculated in a 1-D MHD framework. The folded concept is chosen for engineering design. The antenna system is designed to be simple and requires least modification to the vacuum vessel. The definition of the antenna shape is guided by the analyses with constraints of existing hardware layouts. Each antenna unit consists of two stainless steel straps with a thickness of 1 mm. A number of boron nitride tiles are assembled together as the side limiters for plasma shielding. Estimation shows that the structure is robust enough to withstand the electromagnetic force and the heat load for typical discharge duty cycles.     

EAST ICRF天线驱动结构改进设计

针对ICRF天线原有的驱动结构由于无自锁而导致天线移动过程中无法精确定位的缺点,给出了两种新的驱动结构设计方案,两种方案主要由步进电机和涡轮蜗杆减速器组成,均具有启动速度慢,推、拉力大,能精确定位的特点。在设计过程中,对两种驱动结构的启动转矩、丝杠的强度和稳定性进行了校核,通过理论计算分析,两种驱动结构设计均满足设计要求。整个驱动结构改进设计方案和方法可为其他同类装置提供有益的借鉴。     

Parametric study of one triplet of the ITER ICRH antenna by numerical modeling

Each of the two ITER ICRF antennas consists of a close-packed array of 24 straps arranged in a 6 poloidal by 4 toroidal array. Three poloidally adjacent straps (a “triplet” of straps) are fed together through a 4-port junction from one 20 Ohm feeding line. The complete array has to radiate 20 MW of RF power over a frequency range of 40 MHz to 55 MHz and for different toroidal phasings. The RF optimization of the antenna has been performed numerically on one triplet of straps (1/8th of the antenna) [1], [2]. In parallel a number of reduced-scale mock-ups of one triplet of the ITER ICRH antenna were constructed in order to validate the results of the numerical optimization [1], [3].The aim of this work is primarily to benchmark the CST MWS^® [4] numerical modeling against numerous measurements done on the mock-up of the 2007 design. Moreover MWS calculates the 3D distribution of the currents and of the fields of the triplet. Hence it gives the possibility to check the fields and current distributions resulting from the optimisation study of the ITER ICRH antenna triplet done by changing geometrical parameters of the straps and antenna box of the mock-up of 2007 design [1], [2], [3]. The considered parameters are: strap width, antenna box depth and vertical septum recess with respect to the front of the current strap. The impact of the presence of the Faraday screen is also evaluated.Excellent agreement between modeled and measured S parameters is obtained. Analysis of the fields and currents distributions on the straps is reported. Excellent current balance is confirmed.     

EAST ion cyclotron resonance heating system for long pulse operation

Radio frequency (RF) power in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) is one of the primary auxiliary heating techniques for Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The ICRF system for EAST has been developed to support long-pulse high-β advanced tokamak fusion physics experiments. The ICRF system is capable of delivering 12 MW 1000-s RF power to the plasma through two antennas. The phasing between current straps of the antennas can be adjusted to optimize the RF power spectrum. The main technical features of the ICRF system are described. Each of the 8 ICRF transmitters has been successfully tested to 1.5 MW for a wide range of frequency (25–70 MHz) on a dummy load. Part of the ICRF system was in operation during the EAST 2012 spring experimental campaign and a maximum power of 800 kW (at 27 MHz) lasting for 30 s has been coupled for long pulse H mode operation.     

Water-cooling effects on the high-voltage and long-pulse capabilities of the KSTAR ICRF antenna

A new ICRF antenna originating from the prototype antenna was constructed for the KSTAR tokamak in 2002. The performance of the antenna was experimentally estimated at the RF test stand without a plasma. Recently three series of RF tests were performed at a frequency of 30 MHz; without any cooling, with a water-cooling for only the antenna, and with a water-cooling of the antenna and the transmission line connected to the antenna. In the tests, a half of the current strap was connected to a RF source via a matching circuit with the other half one connected to an open terminated coaxial line, and the other three straps were shorted at the input ports. During the RF pulse, the temperatures at several positions of the antenna cavity wall were measured by embedded thermocouples and the temperature profile of the front face of the antenna was measured by an IR camera. The line voltage, forward and reflected powers, and the RFTC pressure were also measured. The water-cooled antenna showed several enhanced performances in a comparison with the non-cooled case, and the standoff voltage was significantly increased. By utilizing a water-cooling of the antenna and the transmission line, we achieved a standoff voltage of 41.3 kVp for a pulse length of 300 s, and we could extend the pulse length up to 600 s at a maximum voltage of 35.0 kVp without encountering any problems, which considerably exceeds the design requirements.