采用双向取向表面的永久双稳态扭曲向列相显示器

开发了一种新的双向取向表面。所述取向表面可以用于控制液晶引流（backflow）方向。基于所述新型取向层,成功制造了一种双稳态扭曲向列相LCD,该LCD在U和T态之间转换,不伴随表面锚泊能的破坏（surface anchoring energy breaking）。     

纳米结构表面向列相液晶的聚合物锚定效应

提出了纳米结构聚合物表面的一个简化模型:由具有交替的沿面和垂面锚定的一维周期性条纹表面表征。利用Alexe-Ionescu等提出的扩展各向异性表面能形式,研究了向列相和取向层聚合物之间的锚定以及聚合物和基板表面之间的锚定对向列相液晶表面锚定的影响。在理论处理中,假设两不同锚定区域的锚定强度相等。结果表明:聚合物和基板表面之间的锚定会影响向列相的指向矢分布,降低松弛距离以及系统的总自由能。     

弱锚定条件下混合排列向列液晶显示的动态响应

研究了弱锚定条件下混合排列向列液晶显示动响应。具体研究沿面排列处为弱锚定,垂面排列处为强锚定的ＨＡＮ盒。讨论了响应速度与锚定强度系数之间的关系。     

Strong Vertical Alignment of Liquid Crystal on Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Film

Properties of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film as a liquid crystal (LC) alignment material is studied. We deposit the transparent porous AAO film on glass with the diameter of the pores controlled between 17–65 nm. The liquid crystal can be aligned vertically against the substrate with the AAO film. The measured polar anchoring strength is about 1.5 $,times 10 ^{-5} {rm J/m} ^{2}$, which is comparable to that of N,N-dimethyl-N-octadecyl-3-aminopropyl -trimethoxysilyl chloride (DMOAP) layer. AAO films with smaller pore diameters exhibit higher anchoring strengths. On the other hand, the uniformity of the pore array in the AAO films does not affect the alignment quality significantly.      

液晶共面取向的等离子处理方法

在受等离子辐照过的一些有机和无机的基板上，获得了高质量的液晶共面取向。与已知的用来改善顶部锚定及预倾角各向同性的等离子处理方法不同，新方法是将等离子束调整到倾斜射向待取向的基板。在所用的辐射参数范围内，所有基板上的LC取向的易取向轴(easy axis)都平行于等离子体传播方向。研究了LC的预倾角和锚定能与等离子束的入射角、辐照时间、能量以及辐照电流密度等的依赖关系。经等离子处理过的基板上，方位角、锚定能与用光取向方法得到的相近，而预倾角与摩擦产生的类似。透过率-电压曲线与等离子处理的和摩擦工艺处理的非常接近。与摩擦取向相同，等离子诱导的取向具有很高的温度和光照的稳定性。也考虑了采用等离子／偏振紫外光和等离子／摩擦处理等组合方法来制作LC图形。     

液晶分子在高分子膜上的排列记忆效应

通过测量高分子膜聚酰亚胺由排列记忆效应产生的锚定强度,对锚定强度随记忆时间的变化进行定量描述。聚酰亚胺膜表面的锚定强度随着记忆时间的增加逐渐增大,大约经过20h后达到饱和,其归一化饱和值大约为30μm^-1。     

基于向列相液晶弹性各向异性偏振光栅结构方位锚定能的理论研究

通过设计上下基板向列相液晶分子排列构建偏振光栅结构模型,并根据向列相液晶Frank弹性理论计算其方位锚定能,其理论结果可为实验测量提供有力的理论指导作用。本文根据弹性理论,考虑弹性各向异性计算了偏振光栅结构的方位锚定能,得到了方位锚定能与光栅条纹宽度关系的解析解。弹性各向异性对方位锚定能有着显著影响。由于液晶具有各向异性,考虑弹性各向异性研究方位锚定能是必要的,其结果更具有普遍性。     

等离子体处理过的基板上液晶平行取向的两种模式

我们提出了一种用于液晶盒的新取向工艺,可以得到0或非0的预倾角。这项工艺是用定向的等离子体流倾斜辐照基板。我们用一个阳极层发射器(anodelagerthruster)作为等离子体辐射源,以产生层状的等离子体流。它适合于处理大面积基板,可以处理有机(聚合物)和无机(玻璃,ITO)层。等离子体流辐照可以得到两种类型的液晶取向:(1)最可及(择优)取向轴位于离子束方向和基板法线组成的入射平面上;(2)最可及取向轴垂直于入射面。随着照射总剂量的增加,取向方向可以从类型(1)向类型(2)转变。在第一种取向模式中,可以通过改变工艺参数,如入射角、离子流密度和离子能等来改变预倾角。第二种取向模式的特征是预倾角为0。第一种模式的方位锚泊能系数相对较弱(W=10-3 Erg/cm2),而第二种类型锚泊能很强(W>10-1 Erg/cm2),与摩擦聚合物基板相当。两种模式的取向特征可以用来产生满足所需参数的取向,和构图(pattern)液晶盒基板。这种工艺方法可以克服传统摩擦工艺的某些缺点。     

Alignment of liquid crystals on a topographically nano-patterned polymer surface prepared by a soft-imprint technique

In this study, we have fabricated polyacrylate substrates having a nano-patterned surface topography using a soft-imprint technique. The planar alignment of liquid crystals (LCs) along the direction of nanogrooves has been generated. Twisting behavior of nematic LCs has been also observed with a perpendicularly assembled LC cell and the cell parameters can be estimated by using the Soutar and Lu method. By comparing the anchoring energies obtained, accordingly, it has been demonstrated that the polymer nanogroove pattern has a comparable influence on LC alignment to the conventional rubbing process. It has been also shown that the artificial topography of the line grooves on the conventionally rubbed surface has a significant influence on the anchoring stability of the LC molecules.     

弱锚定条件下平行排列向列液晶盒的一级转变

在液晶总自由能中界面锚定能采用修正后的Rapini-Papoular(RP)公式，用严格的数学推导和计算，详细研究了弱锚定条件下平行排列的向列液晶盒在阈值点的弗雷彼里克兹(Freedericksz)转变问题。结果表明，对所研究的液晶盒在一定条件下阈值点的转变可以是一级转变。同时给出了一级转变条件，它与液晶表面参量有关。     

同心柱筒中混合排列向列相液晶中的挠曲电效应

本文研究径向电场作用下同心柱筒中混合排列向列相液晶的指向矢分布,重点研究挠曲电效应对指向矢分布的影响。向列相液晶处于同心圆柱构成的薄层间,内表面径向锚定、外表面轴向锚定以及内表面轴向锚定、外表面径向锚定构成两种同心柱筒混合排列模型。基于向列相液晶Frank弹性理论,通过差分迭代方法,分别在强锚定及弱锚定边界条件下,研究了两种模型中挠曲电效应对指向矢分布的影响。研究结果表明:挠曲电效应在薄层内边界、外边界以及薄层内部对指向矢分布有着不同的影响;同心柱筒中指向矢分布由柱对称性、边界锚定作用、介电耦合作用、挠曲电效应的综合作用所决定。     

IPS Mode应用RM光电特性研究

在负性液晶里加活性单体聚合物经过两次UV制程,制得IPS-RM LCD,通过AOI光学自动检测设备以及DMS光学测量等对获得样品的预倾角、对比度、穿透率进行了测量,并研究了负性液晶加RM后的信赖性。结果表明:加RM后预倾角变小,其暗态亮度降低,对比度提高;经过两次UV光照,RM完全聚合,在配向层表面形成小颗粒聚合物,使液晶配向更加均匀,并得到更强的锚定能,电压保持率提升,直流电压残余降低。     

Photo‐ and Rubbing‐Alignable Brush Polyimides Bearing Three Different Chromophores

Three new photoreactive brush polyimides (PSPIs), each bearing a different type of chromophore (cinnamoyl (CA), 3‐(2‐furyl)acryloyl (FA), and methacryloyl (MA)) in their bristles (i.e., side groups), are successfully synthesized, and are found to produce good‐quality films with smooth surfaces through conventional spin‐casting and drying processes. These PSPI polymers are thermally stable up to 320 °C. This is the first quantitative investigation of the photoaligning and rubbing‐aligning processabilities of PSPI polymer films, and of the abilities of the resultant films to control the orientation and anchoring of liquid‐crystal (LC) molecules. The chromophores of both poly(1‐cinnamoyloxy‐2,4‐phenylene hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalimide) (6F‐DAP‐CA) and poly(1‐3‐(2‐furyl)acryloyloxy‐2,4‐phenylene hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalimide) (6F‐DAP‐FA) PSPIs are found to undergo photodimerization in thin films and, to a lesser extent, photoisomerization, resulting in insoluble, crosslinked films. The MA chromophores of 6F‐DAP‐MA PSPI are found to undergo photopolymerization in thin films, which might include photodimerization to a lesser extent, resulting in insoluble, crosslinked films. Thin films of the PSPI polymer chains are found to have excellent unidirectional orientation ability as a result of either photoexposure with linearly polarized UV light (LPUVL) or rubbing. Both the photoaligned and the rubbing‐aligned polymer chains in the PSPI films are demonstrated to effectively induce the alignment of nematic LCs along their orientation directors by anisotropic interactions between the preferentially oriented polymer chain segments and the LCs. The contribution to LC alignment of the microgrooves developed in the rubbed films is found to be very low. The anchoring energies of the LCs on the photoaligned film surfaces are comparable to those on the rubbing‐aligned film surfaces; the anchoring energies are found to be in the range 0.45–2.25 × 10^–5 J m^–2, and to depend on which film treatment process is used and which chromophore bristle is present. In summary, the new PSPIs reported in this paper are promising LC alignment‐layer candidates with rubbing‐free processing for the production of advanced LC‐display (LCD) devices, including LCD televisions with large display areas.     

液晶显示器取向膜性能的影响因素分析

取向膜作为液晶显示器的重要组成部分,起到使液晶分子在液晶盒内整齐排列的作用。影响取向膜性能的因素主要有取向膜材料聚酰亚胺本身的特性、取向膜形成的工艺和取向膜的取向摩擦过程。文章重点分析了聚酰亚胺结构及组成、取向膜涂布方法及固化温度、取向膜摩擦材质及摩擦强度等对取向膜性能的影响。     

Photoaddressable Alignment Layers for Fluorescent Polymers in Polarized Electroluminescence Devices

Liquid‐crystalline (LC) polyfluorenes have been successfully aligned on photoaddressable polymers (PAPs). This is the first example of the alignment of a LC main chain polymer on a photoaligned layer. The degree of molecular alignment in the fluorescent polyfluorene layer on top of an ultra‐thin PAP layer is shown to depend strongly on the chemical nature of the PAP. Good alignment with dichroic ratios of more than 10 was only achieved with PAPs containing liquid‐crystalline side chains. Patterning with laterally structured alignment was realized in several ways, utilizing reorientation with orthogonally polarized light. Thin PAP layers have further been utilized as hole‐conducting alignment layers in polymer light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with polarized emission. In order to facilitate hole transport through the alignment layer, different concentrations of a hole‐transporting molecule (HTM) have been mixed into the PAP layer. These hole‐conducting alignment layers retained their aligning abilities even at HTM concentrations of 20 wt.‐%. LEDs with photometric polarization ratios in emission of up to 14 at a brightness of up to 200 cd/m² and an efficiency of 0.3 cd/A could be realized.     

取向层厚度及介电常数对TN-LCD影响的研究

在具有高驱动电压的液晶显示器中,为了对液晶器件起到保护作用,以采用增加取向层厚度的方法来解决某些显示器件由于驱动电压过高导致的问题。当取向层厚度不可忽略时,随着取向层厚度增加会导致器件驱动电压升高。本文利用扭曲向列相液晶显示器结构,通过模拟和实验分析了取向层厚度对LCD的影响以及不同介电常数的取向层对LCD的影响。结果表明:当取向层的介电常数大于20时,能够有效降低TN-LCD驱动电压。当其介电常数大于500时,其厚度变化对驱动电压的影响变得很小。本文结果对降低高驱动电压液晶器件的驱动电压有重要的指导性意义。     

OCB液晶显示模式的电光特性模拟

利用计算机模拟的办法,计算了光学补偿弯曲(OCB)模式和无偏压光学补偿弯曲(NBB-OCB)模式这两种液晶显示模式下数种液晶材料的电压-透过率曲线和动态响应曲线,验证了 NBB-OCB 模式能有效降低驱动电压.另外比较了 NBB-OCB 模式与弱锚定 OCB 模式降低驱动电压的能力,并详细研究了在 OCB 模式中预倾角大小与展曲态-弯曲态转换电压之间的关系.     

有限元法求解液晶层中的指向矢分布

建立了基于有限元法的液晶层中指向矢分布的计算方法,可以方便地考虑非对称取向和表面锚定能及其形式对指向矢分布的影响,作为应用实例,给出了非对称弱锚定情形下的液晶层下指向矢分布的计算结果。     

混合排列柱状薄层中的向列相液晶指向矢分布的研究

利用向列相液晶弹性理论,研究了混合排列柱状薄层中的向列相液晶指向矢的分布。向列相液晶被限定在两个同心圆柱构成的薄层中,在内外表面施加强锚定及弱锚定边界条件,锚定易取向方向取径向和轴向(垂直柱轴及平行柱轴)的边界条件,得到了四种混合排列柱状薄层模型RsZw、ZwRs、RwZs、ZsRw。基于Frank弹性自由能和Rapini-Papoular近似的表面能,研究了不同锚定强度、不同内半径及不同弹性常数值的指向矢分布,计算机模拟得出指向矢取向的曲线图。由于柱对称性、锚定强度、薄层厚度以及弹性各向异性共同竞争的影响,这四种模型的指向矢分布有着很大的不同。     

New developments in liquid crystal photo-aligning by azo-dyes

Liquid crystal (LC) photo-alignment using azo-dyes is reviewed. This alignment method is very different from previously reported ones, which are due to mechanisms such as photo-crosslinking, photo degradation, and photo-isomerization. We present the basic physical mechanisms of the photo-induced orientational order in various photo-aligning materials and in azo-dye layers in particular. This method is based on rotational diffusion in a potential created by the light field as well as intermolecular forces. It will be shown that this photo-aligning method can provide a controllable pretilt angle and strong anchoring energy of the LC cell, as well as having high thermal and ultraviolet (UV) stability. The application of this method to the alignment and fabrication of various types of LC displays is also discussed.