克拉玛依某综合楼空调冷热源选择

结合当地能源情况,比较两种冷热源方案,根据制冷机热力循环过程与消耗能源不同,从工程总投资、运行管理、环境污染角度出发,提出在克拉玛依油田这类气源充足的寒冷地区公共建筑空调冷源应选择溴化锂直燃型冷热水机组。     

公共建筑空调冷热源工程适用性的调查分析

对我国不同气候区6个城市的96栋公共建筑空调冷热源状况进行了调研.目前我国公共建筑的空调冷源主要以电为能源的蒸汽压缩式制冷冷水机组,以燃油和燃气为能源的溴化锂吸收式冷热水机组、各种类型的热泵机组也占有一定的比例,蓄冷技术和区域供冷技术应用不多.建筑类型决定了其使用功能,气候条件决定建筑的使用环境条件,均会影响空调冷热源...     

水冷单元式空调器系统的分析与评价

水冷单元式空调器系统是一种新颖的空调系统，它自带冷源，不但节省设置冷冻机房、冷冻水泵所需的建筑空间，而且节约能量，提高能源利用效率，控制灵活方便。与传统空调系统相比较，可以节约运行费用及初投资。     

火电厂循环水余热利用方式的研究

分析火电厂能源利用现状及冷源损失产生的原因,通过对低真空改造、循环水——水源热泵技术、机组NCB运行方式的比较分析,得出热泵供热技术具有更好的节能减排前景的结论,并揭示了火电厂降低循环冷却水冷源损失的发展趋势。     

基于双蒸发温度的户式化热湿分控冷水机组调节特性实验研究

亚热带季风性气候地区,空气湿度较大,夏季空调一般不仅要做制冷更需要做除湿。现在生活中常用的温湿分控系统空调,一般具有两套不同蒸发温度的冷源,很不方便,于是我们尝试将其做成一套冷源,通过两块板式换热器来实现两种蒸发温度。本实验主要通过改变膨胀阀的开度来研究本系统稳定性及可行性论证。     

蓄冰式系统经济性分析

蓄冰式系统是通过冰的潜热（或包括水的显热）蓄冷性能，用离峰电力制冰，而在电力高峰时段融冰供冷。这降低了在电力高峰时段，对电力的需要量。蓄冰式系统在国外发展阶段是在八十年代。在我国，蓄冰系统还处于起步的初阶段级，这同我国的电价体制和蓄冰技术尚未成熟有关。一、若冰式系统的经济意义若冰式系统具有传统式空调冷源系统所没有的功能——空调负荷平移和空调负荷摊子功能。和传统式系统相比，很大不同是制冷的时间，即制冷时间段的不同或制冷的时间长度的不同。传统式空调冷源系统与空调时间上是同步的，而蓄冰式系统则不然。蓄…     

雄安某社区中心空调冷源方案比选

结合项目当地能源价格,从投资费用、运行费用、维护费用等方面对雄安地区某社区中心的蓄冷空调、水冷螺杆式冷水机组、螺杆式风冷热泵、模块式风冷热泵、双热源多联机的空调冷源方案进行了对比,并结合项目用能特点,选择了双热源多联机冷源方案。     

某综合楼空调通风节能设计

探讨移动通信综合楼的空调通风形式，着重阐述选用冷冻水型机房专用空调器的优点、应该注意的问题及本工程所采取的措施，并介绍了中央空调冷源、水系统、空调末端装置、通风防排烟系统及自控等的设置情况，以及空调系统节能设计的重要性。     

夏季空调冷凝水回收利用方案的实施

通过对某电讯厂空调冷凝水回收利用方案的实施，介绍了夏季空调冷凝水作为一种辅助性冷源如果加以利用，能取得节能和节省投资的目的。     

某宾馆空调冷源方案的比较

介绍了浙江省绍兴市某宾馆改造过程中,对三种空调冷源方案从初始投资和运行费用两方面进行了比较：一是风冷热泵冷水机组（单冷）;二是螺杆式冷水机组;三是溴化锂冷水机组。结果第一种方案最符合要求。     

Heat pipe based cold energy storage systems for datacenter energy conservation

In the present paper, design and economics of the novel type of thermal control system for datacenter using heat pipe based cold energy storage has been proposed and discussed. Two types of cold energy storage system namely: ice storage system and cold water storage system are explained and sized for datacenter with heat output capacity of 8800 kW. Basically, the cold energy storage will help to reduce the chiller running time that will save electricity related cost and decrease greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the electricity generation from non-renewable sources. The proposed cold energy storage system can be retrofit or connected in the existing datacenter facilities without major design changes. Out of the two proposed systems, ice based cold energy storage system is mainly recommended for datacenters which are located in very cold locations and therefore can offer long term seasonal storage of cold energy within reasonable cost. One of the potential application domains for ice based cold energy storage system using heat pipes is the emergency backup system for datacenter. Water based cold energy storage system provides more compact size with short term storage (hours to days) and is potential for datacenters located in areas with yearly average temperature below the permissible cooling water temperature (∼25 °C). The aforesaid cold energy storage systems were sized on the basis of metrological conditions in Poughkeepsie, New York. As an outcome of the thermal and cost analysis, water based cold energy storage system with cooling capability to handle 60% of datacenter yearly heat load will provide an optimum system size with minimum payback period of 3.5 years. Water based cold energy storage system using heat pipes can be essentially used as precooler for chiller. Preliminary results obtained from the experimental system to test the capability of heat pipe based cold energy storage system have provided satisfactory outcomes and validated the proposed system concept.     

太阳能-地源热泵耦合方式的工程应用分析

利用太阳能辅助地源热泵既节能环保又能进一步提高能源的利用率且对环境无污染。从天津地区的太阳光照强度的角度考虑,以利用太阳能提高机组的效率和承担部分建筑物负荷这两种方式辅助地源热泵。从节能和经济性两个角度进行分析并得出结论:在天津地区利用太阳能分担建筑的部分负荷更节能、经济。     

A review: Renewable energy with absorption chillers in Thailand

The aim of this paper is to review the energy situation, renewable energy potential and absorption chiller system in Thailand. The renewable energy which will be used in low temperature applications, under the consideration of low operating cost, high availability and non-polluted emission such as solar energy was discussed. Solar energy can be used as power sources for cooling systems, especially for the absorption chiller. Thailand is located in the area where the solar intensity is very high and thus solar energy can be used as power sources. The absorption chiller using water/lithium bromide is the most appropriate for the solar applications. This system, however, is not widely used in Thailand due to its complexity, high toxicity caused by leakage and high initial cost. The utilization of absorption chiller may increase if more researches focus on the development of this cooling system, which is driven by solar energy. This may results in a substantial decrease in electricity consumption.     

Analysis of total energy system based on solid oxide fuel cell for combined cooling and power applications

A total energy system (TES) incorporating a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and an exhaust gas driven absorption chiller (AC) is presented to provide power, cooling and/or heating simultaneously. The purpose for using the absorption chiller is to recover the exhaust heat from the SOFC exhaust gas for enhancing the energy utilization efficiency of the TES. A steady-state mathematical model is developed to simulate the effects of different operating conditions of SOFC, such as the fuel utilization factor and average current density, on the performance of the TES by using the MATLAB softpackage. Parametric analysis shows that both electrical efficiency and total efficiency of the TES have maximum values with variation of the fuel utilization factor; while the cooling efficiency increases, the electrical efficiency and total efficiency decrease with increase in the current density of SOFC. The simulated results could provide useful knowledge for the design and optimization of the proposed total energy system.     

A study on the advanced performance of an absorption heater/chiller with a solution preheater using waste gas

A large amount of consumed energy is released to the environment as waste heat, which may be used directly in some applications for useful purposes. Thus, from the standpoint of energy conservation, it will be meaningful to investigate systems with waste heat utilization. It has long been indicated that absorption cycles may have good potential applications for enhancing energy conservation via waste heat recovery. As such they have often been identified as an appropriate subject for research and development. Along this line, this paper also examines the development of an absorption cycle with waste heat utilization. More specifically, this study investigates a double-effect LiBr–water absorption cycle which uses exhaust gases from the burner of the high-temperature generator to preheat the weak absorbent solution on its way from the absorber to the low-temperature generator. The overall performance of the absorption heater/chiller system is analyzed and discussed on the basis of experimental results.     

斯特林冰箱的温度场模拟与实验研究

与传统的蒸汽压缩式制冷机相比,斯特林冰箱具有制冷温度区间广、启动电流低、制冷量易调、效率高,且无制冷剂污染的特点。由于斯特林冰箱在环保节能方面具有明显的优势,因而作为冰箱、冷柜,其对于小容量冰箱的冷源具有相当大的优越性。对斯特林冰箱进行了箱体设计,并在制冷温度为193 K时对冰箱箱体进行了布点,测量冰箱温度场变化,并运用Fluent软件对冰箱的温度场进行了模拟,将模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较,得出两者差值,并对其原因进行了分析。研究发现,箱体内部存在一定的温度梯度,制冷冷端面积较小,不利于冷量的传递。     

Hydrogen electrolyser technologies and their modelling for sustainable energy production: A comprehensive review and suggestions

The advancement of hydrogen technology is driven by factors such as climate change, population growth, and the depletion of fossil fuels. Rather than focusing on the controversy surrounding the environmental friendliness of hydrogen production, the primary goal of the hydrogen economy is to introduce hydrogen as an energy carrier alongside electricity. Water electrolysis is currently gaining popularity because of the rising demand for environmentally friendly hydrogen production. Water electrolysis provides a sustainable, eco-friendly, and high-purity technique to produce hydrogen. Hydrogen and oxygen produced by water electrolysis can be used directly for fuel cells and industrial purposes. The review is urgently needed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of water electrolysis technology and its modelling using renewable energy sources. While individual methods have been well documented, there has not been a thorough investigation of these technologies. With the rising demand for environmentally friendly hydrogen production, the review will provide insights into the challenges and issues with electrolysis techniques, capital cost, water consumption, rare material utilization, electrolysis efficiency, environmental impact, and storage and security implications. The objective is to identify current control methods for efficiency improvement that can reduce costs, ensure demand, increase lifetime, and improve performance in a low-carbon energy system that can contribute to the provision of power, heat, industry, transportation, and energy storage. Issues and challenges with electrolysis techniques, capital cost, water consumption, rare material utilization, electrolysis efficiency, environmental impact, and storage and security implications have been discussed and analysed. The primary objective is to explicitly outline the present state of electrolysis technology and to provide a critical analysis of the modelling research that had been published in recent literatures. The outcome that emerges is one of qualified promise: hydrogen is well-established in particular areas, such as forklifts, and broader applications are imminent. This evaluation will bring more research improvements and a road map to aid in the commercialization of the water electrolyser for hydrogen production. All the insights revealed in this study will hopefully result in enhanced efforts in the direction of the development of advanced hydrogen electrolyser technologies towards clean, sustainable, and green energy.     

燃气内燃机和吸附制冷机组成的冷热电三联供系统

对一种微型楼宇冷热电三联供系统进行了技术经济分析．该系统由小型燃气发动机和热水驱动的吸附制冷机组成．为了提高系统的热电输出比，系统设置了一电热泵．分析了该系统在不同负荷率（PLR）下的一次能源利用效率（PER），确定了高效运行的参数范围；比较分析了该系统在不同热电输出比、热水输出比条件下的节能性；并通过一实例对系统的经济性进行了分析．研究表明，该系统具有宽广的热电输出比、较高的总能利用率和经济可行性，适合小型商业场所和家庭使用，图5表2参9     

生活中的潜在能源发掘与利用及可行性探讨

能源问题已经日益成为世界关注的焦点问题,能源利用与新能源开发也越来越多的引起各国的密切关注。在一次能源即将耗尽的今天,开发可再生、绿色环保、低投资高产出的新型能源必将成为世界热点话题。简略地分析了日常生活中能够利用的所谓潜在能源,列举了日常生活中振动发电,压力发电,温差发电,下水势能发电等具体的潜在能源方式。分别简略设计了各自的发电单元的基本原理和构成,并初步分析各中潜在能源利用的可行性。     

Design and analysis of stand-alone hydrogen energy systems with different renewable sources

One of the most interesting developments of energy systems based on the utilization of hydrogen is their integration with renewable sources of energy (RES). In fact, hydrogen can operate as a storage and carrying medium of these primary sources. The design and operation of the system could change noticeably, depending on the type and availability of the primary source. In this paper, the results obtained considering a model of a stand-alone energy system supplied just with RES and composed by an electrolyzer, a hydrogen tank and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell are exposed. The energy systems have been designed in order to supply the electricity needs of a residential user in a mountain environment in Italy during a complete year. Three different sources have been considered: solar irradiance (transformed by an array of photovoltaic modules), hydraulic energy (transformed by a micro-hydro turbine in open-flume configuration) and wind speed (transformed by a small-size wind generator). It has been checked that, in that specific location, it is absolutely not convenient to use the wind source; the solar irradiance has a nearly constant availability during the year, and therefore the seasonal storage of the RES in form of hydrogen is the lowest; the availability of the micro-hydro source is less constant than in case of solar irradiance, requiring a higher hydrogen seasonal storage, but its advantage is linked to the higher efficiency of the turbine and the fact that the RES is directly sent to the user with high frequency (for these reasons it is the best plant option).