Local computation of angular velocity in rotational visual motion

Retinal images evolve continuously over time owing to self-motions and to movements in the world. Such an evolving image, also known as optic flow, if arising from natural scenes can be locally decomposed in a Bayesian manner into several elementary components, including translation, expansion, and rotation. To take advantage of this decomposition, the brain has neurons tuned to these types of motions. However, these neurons typically have large receptive fields, often spanning tens of degrees of visual angle. Can neurons such as these compute elementary optic-flow components sufficiently locally to achieve a reasonable decomposition? We show that human discrimination of angular velocity is local. Local discrimination of angular velocity requires an accurate estimation of the center of rotation within the optic-flow field. Inaccuracies in estimating the center of rotation result in a predictable systematic error when one is estimating local angular velocity. Our results show that humans make the predicted errors. We discuss how the brain might estimate the elementary components of the optic flow locally by using large receptive fields.     

Time-optimal rotational motion

Summary Pontryagin's maximum principle is used to solve the problem of bringing a rotating rigid body to rest in minimum time.     

Content‐aware full search scheme for motion estimation

Taking into consideration computational complexity and design regularity, this article proposes a content‐aware full search (CAFS) block matching scheme for motion estimation. Full search (FS) is widely employed in hardware design of block matching because of its regular data flow. But the huge computational complexity of FS makes it infeasible especially in low‐power environments. To reduce the required computational complexity, CAFS using a content‐aware computation allocation mechanism dynamically distributes computation to blocks with distinct motion content based on center‐biased distribution characteristics of motion vectors. Because all operations of CAFS can be performed by a series of ±2 FSs, the hardware of CAFS can be easily extended by the design of FS. Experimental results indicates that CAFS can achieve about 0.5–1.4 dB quality improvement over original FS in football and table tennis sequences under the same computation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 14, 246–252, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20028     

Pendulum's rotational motion governed by a stochastic Mathieu equation

This paper considers rotational motion of a nonlinear Mathieu equation with a narrow-band stochastic excitation. The path integration technique is utilized to obtain the joint probability density function of the response, which is used to construct domains of rotational motion in parameter space.     

基于二维模型的火炮冲击运动计算

当前火炮后坐与复进冲击运动计算基于一维准定常理论,导致制退机液压阻力求解偏离实际较大,并且无法反映制退机内流场分布与流体流动特性。在实际结构下的制退机二维模型基础上,通过MATLAB与FLUENT协同仿真技术,实现了火炮后坐、复进冲击完整过程的数值模拟。将仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,为改进火炮后坐与复进运动计算提供了一种新思路。     

Spectral analysis of the rotational component of seismic ground motion

An algorithm for the spectrum of the rotational component of surface ground motion during earthquake is derived. To obtain the rotation the total motion is decomposed into the wave components. Then the rotational motion is obtained in terms of the horizontal and vertical components treated as non-stationary random processes. The evolutionary spectrum of the rotational acceleration is a function of respective translational spectra, their co-spectrum and respective wave parameters. The analysis shows a shift of the higher frequency components in the rotational spectrum. The rotation is a function of the time derivative of translational components.     

A new Leapfrog scheme for rotational motion in 3D

Discrete element codes use complex geometric solid particles, so it is necessary to integrate three‐dimensional rigid‐body rotation correctly with external torque. This article presents an interpretation of the Leapfrog scheme. We begin with some rotation formulae before presenting an efficient and high‐order recurrent Taylor series method for rotation. Integrating this method with Leapfrog interpretation provides a complete scheme for rotational motion with external torque. This new Leapfrog scheme has been integrated into the CeaMka3D Discrete Element code, and we present some verifications and simulations to illustrate the capabilities of this scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Uniform rotational motion compensation for inverse synthetic aperture radar with non-cooperative targets

In the current scenario of high-range resolution radars, the rotational motion of the target usually generates migration through resolution cells (MTRC) in the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images. A technique to correct the MTRC in the case of uniform rotation rate is proposed. An estimation of the rotation vector of the non-cooperative targets is not required. The approach compensates the rotational motion in two steps: the slant-range rotation compensation (SRRC) and the cross-range rotation compensation (CRRC). CRRC is based on an extension of phase difference (PD) and on a robust method to delete outliers. The technique is verified both with simulated and live data from a millimetre-wave linear frequency-modulated continuous wave radar. A comparison with a minimum entropy-based technique is also made.     

Phase locking and rotational motion of a parametric pendulum in noisy and chaotic conditions

The effect of noise on the rotational mode of a pendulum which is excited kinematically in vertical direction has been analysed. We have shown that for weak noise, transitions from the oscillations to rotations and vice versa are possible. For stronger noise, the rotational solution as an independent synchronized mode vanishes. When searching for the rotational motion we observed an intermittent transition to chaos induced by noise.     

A novel image analysis method for rotational motion of circular feature based on perspective projection

Abstract

Circular feature has been widely applied in recognising moving object and estimating its position and orientation. Based on the principle of perspective projection, the rotational motion of circular feature was analysed. According to whether the rotational motion occurred in the plane of circular feature, the rotational motion could be classified into two types: in-plane rotation and non-in-plane rotation. For the convenience of computation, we set the camera’s initial position and orientation. The optical axis of camera was set perpendicular to the plane of circular feature. We analysed the perspective distortion of the circular feature. Additionally, based on the geometrical reasoning, we also proposed the method of computing the rotation angles. Finally, some experiments were carried to verify correctness and feasibility of the computing method. The results showed that the measurement of rotation angle could achieve better performance though the error existed. The maximum value of errors was only 0·4°. The average errors and the standard deviations of errors were also small.     

转动地震动作用对结构动力响应影响分析

转动地震动作用对结构响应的影响有待深入研究。建立钢筋混凝土框架结构模型,对地震动平动分量和转动分量单独及耦合作用下的结构动力响应进行分析,结果表明：地震动转动分量与平动分量耦合作用时,会增大结构响应;结构顶层位移、层间扭转角、结构的扭转效应都显著增大;含有速度脉冲比无速度脉冲的转动分量与平动分量耦合作用对结构响应影响大;地震动转动分量的施加方向对结构动力响应有影响;在有速度脉冲的地震波作用下,转动分量单独作用也可使结构进入弹塑性状态。     

Modelling of sintering during rotational moulding of the thermoplastic polymers

This paper concerns the study of sintering phenomenon during rotational molding of polypropylene(PP),Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) and Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). First, the coalescence (first step of sintering) of two grains has been followed. Bellehumeur’s model has been tested as a model to explain this phenomenon. In order to study the effect of neighboring grains on coalescence of two grains, a third grain has been put in contact with these two grains. For modeling the phenomenon in this case, Bellehumeur’s model has been modified by a geometric parameter called Farz Factor (FF), being this model validated by experimental test. Concerning densification, two different stages have been observed. In the first stage, before welding of the grains and formation of interphases between them, the grains are not stuck yet. The air trapped between the grains escapes through free ways between grains. This first step of densification is directly related to the coalescence where the density of the polymer varies very quickly. A new tridimensional model, based on a Body Centered Tetragonal (BCT) configuration, has been proposed to explain the densification during this first stage. In the second stage, the migration of air is controlled by diffusion.     

Transient effects during rapid crack propagation

An analysis is described for rapid crack propagation in an axially loaded strip and for a driven wedge. Each has a dynamic steady state, but this is usually not achieved because the initial boundary conditions of crack length and speed are violated. It is shown that the induced transient behaviour may be described using a perturbation analysis. In the strip case there is a nonlinear oscillating solution, while for the wedge a damped harmonic motion results. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Revision of the hysteresis and excess loss computation method as a means of improving the rotational loss estimate in induction motors

The paper evaluates the impact that the relationship between purely rotational and alternating losses has on the computation of core losses in induction motors. At frequencies other than 50 Hz, the analysis is simplified if statistical loss theory is considered, as discussed in the paper. The paper outlines a practical method of computation of hysteresis and excess losses when the rotation of flux is considered and loss data for these terms at 50 Hz are available. An imposed constraint is that the quantity of experimental loss data available for the motor designer is, in general, reduced. To deal with the problem, Kochmann general relationships for 36 NO grades, covering the main spectrum of electrical steel grades at 50 Hz, have been found to be helpful. An approach is proposed to convert these relationships, so that they can be fitted into the statistical loss theory. The results are validated using FEA and bench tests. As a conclusion, the loss estimate is improved in all cases, not incurring an overestimation with respect to bench results.     

电气传动——信息、能源和运动的接口

电气传动是信息能源和运动的接口。长期以来大家都接触它,但对它是不是高新技术存在疑虑。文章试图从接口角度出发谈个人对该领域的认识,望能促进人们的理解。文中讨论电气传动下列几个问题：什么是电气传动;在国民经济中的作用;与其它学科的关系及发展方向;在我国的现状及攻关方向建议。     

Direct manipulation and observation of the rotational motion of single optically trapped microparticles and biological cells in microvortices

This paper describes a method for manipulating and monitoring the rotational motion of single, optically trapped microparticles and living cells in a microvortex. To induce rotation, we placed the microparticle at the center of rotation of the vortex and used the recirculating fluid flow to drive rotation. We have monitored the rotation of single beads (which ranged in diameter from a few micrometers to tens of micrometers) and living cells in a microvortex. To follow the rotation of a smooth and symmetrically shaped bead, we first ablated a small region ( approximately 1 microm) on the bead. An Ar(+) laser was then tightly focused ( approximately 0.5-microm spot size) onto the bead, and rotation was tracked by recording changes in the level of backscattered laser light as the ablated region repeatedly transited the laser focus. Using this method, we have followed bead rotation that varied in frequency from 0.15 to 100 Hz and have studied the effect of bead diameter on the rate of rotation at a given fluid flow rate. To monitor the rotation of single living cells, we selectively stained portions of B-lymphocytes with the fluorescent dye DiOC(6). We observed rotation by following changes in the fluorescence signal as the dye-stained region transited the laser focal volume. This technique provides a simple and sensitive method for controlling and monitoring the rotational motion of microparticles in a microfluidic environment.     

Flyer plate motion and its deformation during flight

Velocity and peripheral deformation of a flyer plate, driven by the detonation of contact explosive, have been studied during its flight both theoretically and experimentally. In theoretical formulations, density or velocity of the detonation products behind the flyer plate have been assumed to vary linearly; the results thus obtained compare well with the experimental results. Several experiments were performed in which the guard ring size and air gap between the explosive and the plate were varied. The arrangement which gave negligible peripheral deformation is presented.     

Implementation of surface tension force in fluid flow during reactive rotational molding

During Reactive Rotational Molding (RRM), it is very important to predict the fluid flow in order to obtain the piece with homogeneous shape and high quality. This prediction may be possible by simulation the fluid flow during rotational molding. In this study we have used a mixture of isocyanate and polyol as reactive system. The kinetic rheological behaviors of thermoset polyurethane are investigated in anisothermal conditions. Thanks to these, rheokinetik model of polyurethane was identified. Then, to simulate the RRM, we have applied Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH) method which is suited method to simulate the fluid flow with free surface such as occurs at RRM. Modelling and simulating reactive system flow depend on different parameters; one of them is the surface tension of reactive fluid. To implement force tension surface, the interface between polymer and air is dynamically tracked by finding the particles on this border. First, the boundary particles are detected by free-surface detection algorithm developed by Barecasco, Terissa and NAA [1, 2] in two and three dimension. Then, analytical and geometrical algorithms have been used for interface reconstructions. The aim of this work is the implementation of surface tension force in the SPH solver applied to RRM. To illustrate that, we used novel and simple geometric algorithm fitting circle and fitting sphere, in two and three dimensional configurations, respectively. The model has been validated using a well-known dam break test case which covered the experimental data.