基于射线追踪的米波雷达低角测高

由于实际地形条件很复杂,难以准确建立雷达信号多径传播模型,从而影响了米波雷达低角测高的性能。文中提出采用射线追踪法来改进雷达反射信号多径模型,使其更接近于电波真实传播路径,以期达到提高超分辨测高算法地形适应性的目的。仿真和不同地形条件下的试验结果表明：基于改进后的多径反射模型的超分辨算法在解决地形适应性问题上卓有成效。     

一种基于改进的Rake模型的GNSS接收机抗多径新技术

传统的GNSS接收机只跟踪一路信号,它是直达和多径成分的合成信号,利用该信号进行定位运算必然会产生多径误差.本文提出了一种用于GNSS接收机的抗多径新技术,它基于改进的Rake模型,将合成信号中的直达和多径成分分离,并对它们分别保持跟踪,在跟踪直达信号的指峰(Finger)中,将其他指峰所跟踪的多径成分从合成信号中减去...     

RSS协助的ray-tracing室内定位算法

针对室内定位,当信号受到非视距(non-line-of-sight, NLOS)和多径传播的影响时,本文提出一种接收信号强度(Received Signal Strength, RSS)协助的Ray-tracing室内定位算法,改进已经提出的基于虚拟基站方法的信号到达时间 (Time of Arrival, TOA)和信号到达角度(Direction of Arrival, DOA)室内无线信号Ray-tracing模型,利用信号RSS测量值优化算法,实现TOA、DOA和RSS协同定位,提高室内多径及非视距环境下,无线定位的精度,降低算法复杂度,提高算法处理信号多重散射的能力并降低了对基站的依赖性适用环境更为广泛。首先通过RSS得到信号源可能存在的位置,随后利用Ray-tracing原理并使用虚拟基站,将非视距路径定位问题转化为视距路径定位问题,利用TOA和DOA对直射、透射、反射和绕射情况进行分析建模,最后使用最小二乘法对可能的位置进行筛选,得到信号源的最终位置。仿真结果表明,本算法较改进前拥有更高的定位精度。      

多径传播条件下宽带线性调频信号波达方向估计方法

针对信号出现多径传播情况时现有宽带信号波达方向（direction of arrival, DOA）估计方法性能下降的问题,提出了一种多径传播条件下宽带线性调频（chirp）信号波达方向估计方法,该方法将导向有效投影（steered effective projection, STEP）技术与宽带线性调频信号的时频特性相结合,对具有不同时频特性的信号分量进行分离,逐个处理,并以时频分布矩阵代替传统的协方差矩阵,从而构造有效噪声子空间,实现时域角度估计。本方法无需进行信号聚焦操作,因此理论上不受聚焦误差的影响。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。      

米波雷达低仰角目标多径模型及其反演方法研究

现有的低仰角测高方法多采用镜面反射模型,将直达波与多径简化为两远场点源;然而实际中不规则反射面使多径回波波前畸变,远场点源模型难以完全描述多径信号。针对此模型失配问题,该文重点研究低仰角目标多径模型,首先分析经典多径模型,对反射系数和反射面高度进行参数反演;然后提出一种扰动多径模型,将反射面对多径回波的影响建模为扰动反射系数,并利用最大似然算法反演扰动反射系数。计算机仿真结果验证了参数反演方法的有效性;实测数据验证了复杂情形下所建模型的合理性和反演方法的有效性,提高了低仰角测高算法在实际阵地的适用性。     

Studies of base-station antenna height effects on mobile radio

As is well known, a base-station antenna height gain factor of 6 dB/octave has been predicted theoretically for signal path loss over flat ground and has been verified by measured data. However, the 6-dB/octave rule for antenna height effect cannot be used to predict signal strength for terrain contours if the terrain is not flat. A model has been developed for waves propagating over a nonflat ground which allows the antenna height effect to be predicted in different types of actual terrain contours. In the model, the actual terrain profile is classified as one of two different kinds of general terrain types. The relative received power due to the actual terrain path contour is predicted by considering the reflection points of the waves along the path. Experimental data have been used to verify the theoretically estimated results and they show good agreement.     

COD: Diversity-Adaptive Subspace Processing for Multipath Separation and Signal Recovery

This paper proposes a generalized multipath separability condition for subspace processing and derives a novel COD (Combined Oversampling and Displacement) algorithm to utilize both spatial and temporal diversities for path separation, DOA (Direction of Arrival) estimation and signal recovery. A unique advantage lies in its ability to cope with the situation where the number of multipaths is larger than that of antenna elements, which has not been treated in the traditional approaches. COD strategy solves the antenna deficiency problem by combining vertical expansion with temporal oversampling and horizontal expansion with spatial displacement. We provide a detailed analysis on the theoretical footings for COD factorization and multipath separability conditions, which naturally leads to COD path separation and DOA estimation algorithms. Another advantage of COD factorization hinges upon its ability to generate a multiplicity of eigenvalues which greatly facilitates a SIMO channel equalization formulation useful for signal recovery. This paper also proposes a frequency-domain total-least-square algorithm for SIMO equalization procedure. Finally, simulation results on path separation, DOA estimation and signal recovery are demonstrated.     

多径衰落的数学模型及分析

多径效应是影响低仰角测控系统正常工作的重要因素。介绍了多径效应产生的机理,建立了多径衰落的数学模型。无线电信号在收发天线间传播时,存在直射路径和多条反射路径,当直射信号和反射信号相互抵消时就会产生多径效应。依据建立的数学模型,分析了多径衰落产生的条件和对系统影响的程度。多径衰落产生的位置由地面站天线高度、飞行器飞行高度和二者之间的距离决定,多径衰落深度主要由地面对电波的反射系数决定。在上述分析的基础上,提出了避免和减小多径衰落对系统影响的几种措施。     

多径条件下阵列天线相位关系分析

针对多径条件下阵列天线阵元间的相位差,研究了散射体在发射台附近的有直达路径、无直达路径以及远端强反射等传播方式下的相位关系计算模型,通过仿真计算,分析了相位关系的统计特征.该计算模型可模拟多径环境下的矢量信道参数,可用于通过相位信息进行到达方位测量的测向算法的研究.     

A new spatial path persistency model for TOA-based indoor geolocation

Analysis of the persistency and birth/death of multipath components of the channel impulse response is essential for performance evaluation of indoor geolocation algorithms using indirect paths for ranging. The use of indirect paths via multipath diversity is particularly important for situations where the direct path gets blocked. In this letter, we propose a statistical model for the spatial behavior of the persistency of multipath components as a mobile moves inside a building. Based on empirical data from a measurement calibrated ray tracing algorithm we show that the persistency in a typical building is modeled by log-logistic distribution rather than commonly assumed exponential distribution and path birth can be modeled as a Poisson distribution.     

用一种新的空时导向矢量联合估计CDMA信号波达方向与多径时延

本文针对CDMA系统提出了一种不需要训练信号而直接对接收的正常通信信号进行处理,实现感兴趣用户的波达方向(DOA)与多径时延联合估计的新方法.该方法是一种基于空时二维的MUSIC方法,首先建立了一种新的数据结构,并对其形成的相关矩阵进行特征分解,然后采用构造的新导向矢量对特征空间进行搜索.这种方法克服了要求接收信号数小于阵元数的局限,能有效估计时延不同、波达方向相差很小的多径信号的参数.     

A geometrical-based microcell mobile radio channel model

In this paper we present a geometric multipath propagation model for a microcell mobile environment. The proposed model provides the statistics for the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of multipath components. These statistics are required to test adaptive array algorithms for cellular applications. The proposed model assumes that (1) a line-of-sight (LOS) path exists between the transmitter and the receiver, (2) the scatterers lie within a circle of radius R around the mobile station, and (3) the base station lies within this circle. The distances between the scatterers and the mobile station are subject statistically to a hyperbolic distribution. The model also provides the multipath power delay profiles (PDP), which are used to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) and the signal to interference ratio (SIR) for the direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA). We derive and simulate the joint probability density functions (pdfs) of the power—DOA and the power—Doppler shift. Further we determine expressions for the BER performance and for the SIR of a DS-CDMA system over the proposed channel model. A simplified expression based on the improved Gaussian approximation (SEIGA) is used to evaluate the BER and the SIR in a wideband multipath channel. Although the proposed model is applicable for downlink as well, in this paper we will analyze the uplink environment only.     

Adaptive beam-space nulling of multipath signals

A beam-space adaptive nulling technique that has potential for applications in communication circuits degraded by multipath signals is described. The technique is based on a well-known vector relationship in beam space. A linear transformation is used to prevent the degradation of the desired signal reception. Results are presented from tests of the technique that were conducted using real multipath data. The data used in these tests were recorded using a 32-element sampled aperture antenna (SAMPAR). These measurements were carried out on an over-water path. The direct signal, i.e. the signal that propagates via the shortest path from the transmitter to the receiver antenna, is selected as the desired signal; its reception is enhanced by suppressing the unwanted signals, i.e. the multipath signals that propagate via a reflection from the surface of the water. Examples are given in which the wanted and unwanted signals are separated by less than a beamwidth     

一种空时分布多径信号DOA-时延联合估计的ESPRIT方法

在城市密集环境下,由于局部密集多径反射信号不再符合点目标模型,传统多径参数(波达方向与相对时延)联合估计算法往往失效。针对此类问题本文考虑一种基于空时相干分布的多径模型,并在得到信道估计后将其转化至频率域去卷积获得空时联合信号子空间,由于多径扩展影响该信号子空间不再具有旋转不变结构,本文通过在联合信号子空间中抽取行向量构造不同的矩阵对,使各矩阵对在相位上满足旋转不变性质,然后,利用ESPRIT算法估计中心时延与中心DOA参数。与点目标ESPRIT方法相比该方法能够有效克服多径扩展影响,实现参数自动配对,且具有不敏感于多径分布形式的优点,仿真实验证明了其有效性。     

基于Burg叠代的多径信号DOA估计算法

讨论了移动通信环境中的信号多径DOA估计问题，首先对典型算法作了简要回顾，然后给出了阵接收多径信号模型，给出了基于Burg算法的多径DOA估计算法原理，指出了该方法的特点，最后给出了计算机仿真实验结果。     

一种利用旋转结构的分布式信号DOA估计方法

某些领域中由于多径影响信号往往具有分布特性,此时传统波达方向(DOA)参数估计算法往往失效.针对此类问题提出了一种无需搜索的分布式信号DOA估计算法,该方法利用已知信号有用信息逐一估计分布信号在相邻阵元间产生的旋转因子,利用DOA旋转不变结构估计分布目标DOA参数.与点目标ESPRIT方法相比该方法能够有效克服多径扩展影响,不敏感于多径分布的具体形式,并在一定程度上抑制相位误差影响.仿真实验证明了其有效性.     

基于差分时间平滑的多径信号DOA估计

针对移动通信环境中,多径信号与独立信号共存的混合信号模型DOA估计问题,依据差分方法与时间平滑原理,提出一种改进的DOA算法。该算法增加了可分辨信源个数,同时提高了相干信源DOA估计的性能,仿真实验证明,该算法在混合信号模型下解相干性能优于传统空间平滑法。     

一种有效的多径信号DOA估计算法

本文讨论了移动通信环境中的信号多径DOA估计问题,文中首先对典型算法作了简要回顾,然后给出了阵接收多径信号模型,给出了基于时间平均的多径DOA估计算法原理,指出了其存在的问题,并提出了一种有效的解决方法.最后给出的计算机仿真实验结果验证了提出方法的有效性.     

时变WOC信道的二阶盲辨识与估计研究

时变及干扰严重是室内光无线通信应用的主要限制.本文引入基于二阶统计量的盲辨识信道估计与去噪策略,对WOC室内信道变化进行自适应跟踪.采用不同的WOC信道作为研究对象,完成了对噪声的估计及信道系数的预测.模拟中对SNR的跟踪范围达30dB,结果证明该方法对信道变化具有适应性.利用该方法对WOC进行改进,可以获得稳定、高效的WOC室内应用系统.     

Propagation analysis of signal fading for basic exchange radios

Although empirical multipath fading models are available for microwave links above 2 GHz, these models are not directly applicable to basic exchange radio (BEXR) links because of the substantial differences in frequency, antenna beamwidth, and radio path clearance. A method for obtaining a scaling factor which accounts for the differences between BEXR and microwave links is presented. First, the terrain scattering is studied using a rough surface model, and the atmospheric refraction is studied using a ray tracing approach. Then, the received signal powers of a microwave link and two BEXR links on the same path under the same propagation condition are calculated. The signal characteristics are investigated and used to simulate the fading distributions for all three links. From the simulation results, a scaling factor is derived and used to modify the existing microwave multipath fading models for BEXR application. The predictions of the modified model agree well with measured BEXR data. This study shows that the probability distribution of signal fading on BEXR links is a strong function of antenna height and beamwidth