国产化连续重整装置炉反区管道设计及应力计算

结合某厂1Mt/a连续重整装置,针对其采用的国产化连续重整两段离心逆流再生连续重整技术（简称：DBR技术）进行了介绍。并对其反应加热炉部分设备平面布置、管材选取及壁厚确定、管道设计及应力分析计算进行了讨论。根据工业管道柔性设计理念,该装置采用最小应力布置方案,此方案大大减小了反应器设备管口的受力,为装置长周期平稳运行提供了保障。该装置2022年1月开汽以来,运行良好,证明该工艺技术、平面布置及管道设计安全可靠。     

连续重整装置平面布置及管道设计

以某1.0Mt/a连续重整装置为例,介绍反再部分的设备平面布置、反应构架、再生构架、压缩机机组厂房布置及管道布置选材,提出存在的问题和建议。     

化离心式压缩机的平面布置与管道设计

离心式压缩机是石油化工装置重要的机械设备,压缩机组的设备平面布置和管道设计是装置工程设计的重要内容。结合某公司150万吨/年连续重整装置离心式压缩机的管道设计过程,介绍了压缩机厂房结构、压缩机组设备平面布置、压缩机管道设计、汽轮机管道设计等压缩机管道设计的要点和注意事项。着重从管道柔性设计、应力分析计算、管道支吊架设计等方面对汽轮机入口管道的设计进行了探讨。     

催化裂化装置反再部分平面布置及管道设计中注意的若干问题

文章通介绍催化裂化装置反再部分的平面布置,并对反再部分重要管道的走向及布置进行探讨,来实现装置设备平面布置和管道设计的合理化,使装置在安全、稳定、长周期的运转.     

连续重整反应器管道布置

随着炼油装置规模的大型化,连续重整技术成为石油化工的重要生产工艺之一,它主要用于生产芳烃、高辛烷值汽油和氢气。其中,反应部分是连续重整工艺的核心,决定了整个装置开工的成败和产品的质量。目前,国内已建成多套采用UOP超低压连续重整工艺的装置。文章以国内某炼油厂采用UOP工艺包100×104 t/a连续重整装置中的油气管道设计为例,探讨了连续重整反应中反应器平面布置、油气管线应力分析及支架设置。     

低压连续重整装置反应再生区工艺管道设计初探

现代石油化工中,低压连续重整(CCR)占主流地位,反应再生部分是整个低压连续重整装置的核心部分。本文重点介绍了反应再生部分关键工艺管线的设计和平面布置问题。这些关键工艺管线主要包括反应区的反应油气管线、催化剂输送管线和再生区电加热器等主要管线。本文借助国内采用UOP工艺包的某大型低压连续重整装置的设计,对反应再生区的设备平面布置,构架平面和竖面布置以及这些关键管线的工艺设计、管道走向、支架设置以及需要注意的相关事项进行了论述。     

催化重整装置催化剂管线的配管设计

本文结合某1.0×106t/a催化重整装置,就如何防止重整催化剂磨损,从平面布置、管道走向、设计选材、施工要求等方面讨论重整催化剂管线的配管设计。     

浅析连续重整装置中往复式压缩机配管设计

本文以100万吨/年连续重整装置中所使用的往复式压缩机为例,通过平面布置、技术谈判、主要管道的布置及其支架布置四个方面对往复式压缩机的配管进行分析,阐述其设计过程中需要注意的事项以及设计原则。     

连续重整装置腐蚀分析与防护

介绍了中国石油辽河石化分公司60万t/a连续重整装置工艺设备和压力管道的腐蚀状况,针对装置腐蚀特点与腐蚀机理及腐蚀类型进行了分析,结合连续重整装置工艺特点对工艺设备和压力管道的腐蚀问题提出了合理的防护措施。     

两种风格催化裂化装置的初步探讨

国外某厂催化裂化装置采用的是AXENS专利,包括设备组成,平面布置和管道布置同国内常见的催化裂化装置相比,有一些不一样的地方。本文通过对其中反再系统设备的布置方式,以及反应油气管道和再生烟气管道布置方式的介绍,从管道柔性设计,膨胀节和管道支吊架的选型等方面进行探讨,为以后类似装置的设计提供参考。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。