钒矿中提钒工艺与钒含量检测技术研究

作为一种重要的稀有金属,钒广泛应用于电子、航天等领域。含钒矿石是提取钒的主要来源之一,我国含钒矿石储量及开采量均较大。如何根据实际生产需要优化提钒工艺以及准确测定钒含量显得尤为重要。因此开发新的高效提钒技术与检测技术势在必行。综述了国内钒矿中提钒工艺与钒含量检测技术的主要研究,对目前钒含量的提取与检测方面存在的问题及前景进行了分析和展望。     

碳酸盐溶液中的含钙钒酸盐浸取动力学研究(摘要)

本文是结合用“钠化焙烧一碳酸化浸取”新工艺从攀钢高钙含钒渣钢中提钒的应用基础研究的继续。对钠化焙烧后的钢渣中两种主要含钒成份—偏钒酸钙和钒酸钙钠进行了合成,并在总钠浓度为1克当量的Na_2CO_3—     

含钒页岩提钒尾渣资源化利用研究进展

综述了含钒页岩提钒尾渣资源化利用的最新研究成果，重点介绍了提钒尾渣在建筑材料、制备功能材料和有价组分回收3个方面研究与运用情况，分析探讨了提钒尾渣在资源化利用中的优势与不足，并对页岩提钒尾渣资源化利用的发展现状、行业难点进行了总结与展望。     

一种用过氧化物烧结矿石及炉渣提钒的方法

本发明公开了一种用过氧化物烧结矿石及炉渣提钒的方法，它包括用过氧化钠、过氧化钾、过氧化钙、过氧化镁、过氧化锌、过氧化铝、过氧化钡或过氧化氢作氧化剂或熔剂烧结或熔融含钒矿石及炉渣，烧结过程不产生有害气体，经浸取提钒制取钒化合物、金属钒、含钒合金及含钒钢材。本发明工艺设备简单、环境污染小、提取回收率高，     

从钠化钒渣中制取五氧化二钒

用搅拌法和吹氧法钠盐处理含钒铁水都可以直接得到水溶性的钠化钒渣。这种钠化钒渣的水浸液与现生产中的钒渣水浸液比较具有不同的特性。对两种处理方法所得钠化钒渣进行水浸提钒的实验结果表明,在钠化钒渣水浸液中钠离子浓度高;当采用Na_2SO_4作为处理熔剂时,含钒水溶液中有较多的S~(2-)。因此,这种含钒溶液采用通常的方法提取V_2O_5是有困难的。针对钠化钒渣水浸液的特性,本实验采用电渗析器脱钠、伯胺萃取提钒的新工艺。该流程既可制取高纯度的V_2O_5产品,又可使水溶液中的碱得到回收。     

含钒高钙钢渣碳酸化浸取提钒数学模型的研究

一、前言钒钛磁铁矿是我国极丰富的钒资源。从钒钛磁铁矿提钒的方法可概分为两类。一类是先对矿石或精矿进行钠盐焙烧,然后进行水浸,浸取渣再用于炼铁。另一类则是先用矿石或精矿炼铁,再从炼钢炉渣中回收钒。但是用传统的先钠盐焙烧然后水浸的方法从高钙含钒炉渣中提钒,其回收率极低。因此在国内发展了一个碳酸化浸出的方法。钢渣首先在1100℃下加     

提钒工业废水处理

本文介绍提钒工业废水处理方法及研究现状。提钒废水含钒含铬呈酸性,对水环境危害极大。目前国内钒厂采用的多种处理方法虽有特色,但仍未实现废水的综合治理。为适应钒工业的发展,现阶段采用的废水处理工艺,应在保证废水达标排放的同时,具有处理成本低、二次污染少、能回收有价金属的特点,并逐步实现水的循环使用。     

利用制钒废水中回收的含钒铬渣制备多钒酸铵的工艺研究

研究了以钒制品厂含钒废水中回收的含钒铬废渣为原料制备多钒酸铵的工艺。该工艺是将从含钒铬废渣中得到的含钒溶液进行净化除杂、浓缩、沉钒,制得多钒酸铵。其中,钒回收率可以达到95.77%,沉钒条件：pH=1.8-2.2,温度95℃,加铵系数为4。     

含钒钢渣亚熔盐法浸出提钒过程与机理

实验研究了采用钾系与钠系亚熔盐反应介质提取含钒钢渣中钒的工艺与机理. 结果表明,亚熔盐体系对含钒钢渣的提钒机理是通过分解硅酸二钙、硅酸三钙、铁酸钙等钒的固溶相,使钒以可溶性钒酸盐形式溶出,钢渣中高CaO对钒溶出的负面影响可通过调整浸出液中氢氧化钠(钾)浓度避免. 与传统工艺相比,亚熔盐体系反应温度由850℃降至220~240℃,反应时间由4~6 h降至1~2 h,在显著降低能耗、提高效率的同时,钒的一次转化率钠系可达85%,钾系可达97%;且在钾系亚熔盐氧化性气氛中实现钒、铬共提,基本实现了含钒钢渣中钒的高效清洁提取.     

从含钒石煤灰渣中提取五氧化二钒——实验室试验(第二报)

一、前言一九七二年我所完成了食盐焙烧法从诸暨大桥、应店街含钒石煤中提取五氧化二钒的实验室第一阶段试验,取得了焙烧、浸出及沉淀的优惠条件(详见本试验第一报——本刊一九七三年第三期第十五页) 一九七三年以来,我们遵循毛主席“综合利用大有文章可做”的伟大教导,将含钒石煤作为沸腾锅炉的燃料,在利用其热量后,将灰渣作为提钒原料,同时对提钒过程中产生的废     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。