Al3+/Bi4Ti3O12薄膜的制备及其光催化性能表征

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了掺 Al3+ 的Bi4 Ti3 O12 薄膜(Bl-xAlxTi3O12).采用分光光度法研究了薄膜对甲基橙溶液的降解,以及Al3+对薄膜的光催化效果影响.光催化结果表明,Al3+的掺杂量为 2atm% 时,薄膜的光催化效果最好,比未掺杂前提高 57.9%,且吸收边红移量为 36nm.     

Fe~(3+)掺杂TiO_2薄膜材料的制备与光催化性能研究

以载玻片为基材,通过溶胶-凝胶技术制备Fe3+离子掺杂的TiO2薄膜。采用甲基橙作为目标降解物,研究Fe3+掺杂薄膜的光催化活性,采用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜和紫外-可见光吸收谱等技术对薄膜相关特征进行了表征。研究表明,当Fe/Ti物质量比为0.25%时,光催化活性最高。经500℃焙烧2h制备TiO2薄膜具有锐钛矿结构,TiO2粒子大小均匀,有孔隙结构。掺杂Fe3+使薄膜TiO2粒子减小,孔隙率增加,而粒子粒径分布不均匀增加,且吸收强度增加吸收边有一定的红移。     

碱土金属掺杂对SrTiO3:Pr3+,Na+体系荧光粉发光性能的影响

采用高温固相法在还原气氛下制备了MxSr1-xTiO3∶Pr3+,Na+荧光粉.用X射线衍射分析测定了MxSr1-xTiO3∶Pr3+,Na+荧光粉的晶体结构,具体研究了碱土金属M(M=Mg、Ca)掺杂对SrTiO3∶Pr3+,Na+体系荧光粉发光性能的影响.结果表明,碱土金属Mg2+,Ca2-的掺杂未改变SrTiO3∶Pr3+,Na+荧光粉的立方晶系结构.随着碱土金属加入量的增加,各体系中激发峰或发射峰均有不同程度的红移或蓝移.     

铯离子掺杂对纳米二氧化钛薄膜光催化性能的影响

以钛酸四丁酯为主要原料,采用溶胶–凝胶法在载玻片上制备了透明的掺Cs+的TiO2薄膜。利用紫外–可见光吸收光谱和X射线衍射对薄膜进行表征,分析了Cs+掺杂对TiO2薄膜吸收光谱的影响。以光催化大肠杆菌为对象,考察了Cs+掺量和退火温度对TiO2薄膜光催化杀菌性能影响。结果表明:Cs+掺杂使得TiO2薄膜对紫外–可见光的吸收增大,TiO2薄膜吸收带边发生红移。当退火温度为550℃时,掺Cs+量为0.3%(摩尔分数)的TiO2薄膜的光催化活性最高,杀菌率达到了97.18%。     

La3+掺杂TiO2薄膜制备及其电致变色特性研究

基于提高TiO2薄膜的光学属性和着色效率,以钛酸四丁酯和氧化镧为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,在ITO玻璃表面制备La3+掺杂TiO2薄膜.通过XRD、SEM、EDS、TG-DTA等手段对制备La3+掺杂TiO2凝胶粉末进行表征,使用电化学工作站CHI660E和紫外-可见光分光光度计UV-5500PC对La3+掺杂TiO2薄膜的电致变色性能进行测试.结果表明:凝胶在加热的过程中发生一系列的物理和化学反应,且当温度升高至400 ℃时,系统达到相对热稳定状态.经600℃热处理,La3+掺杂TiO2转化为金红石相.外加电压为-2V时,薄膜显示为深蓝色,反向施压至+2V时,蓝色褪去.金红石相TiO2无定形程度随La3+掺入量增加而提高,对应其着色效率提高.La3掺杂TiO2薄膜在可见光范围内透过率均在70％ ～ 80％,光学性能良好.     

Li+掺杂对Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3∶Er3+荧光粉上转换发光性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备Li+掺杂Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3∶ Er3+荧光粉,研究了碱金属离子掺杂对Ba(Mg1/3Nb3)O3∶ Er3+荧光粉物相结构及发光特性的影响.结果 表明:Li+的引入弥补了空位缺陷,提高了稀土离子之间的能量传递效率;同时降低结构对称性,提高Er3+的4f能级跃迁概率;并且提高了荧光粉的结晶度.Li+掺杂提高了Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3∶Er3+荧光粉的上转换发光强度,当Li+掺杂浓度为3％(摩尔分数)时,上转换发光强度最高增强了4倍.     

Li_(1.02)Mn_(1.92)Al_(0.02)Cr_(0.02)Mg_(0.02)O_(4-x)F_x尖晶石正极材料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了复合离子掺杂的尖晶石型锰酸锂Li1.02Mn1.92Al0.02Cr0.02Mg0.02O4-xFx(x=0,0.06)正极材料,并用XRD、CV、EIS和充放电测试等研究了其结构和电化学性能。结果表明,F与金属离子(Li、Al、Cr、Mg)的复合掺杂不仅提高了材料的比容量,还增加了尖晶石结构的稳定性,改善了材料的循环性能和可逆性能;充放电测试结果表明,Li1.02Mn1.92Al0.02Cr0.02Mg0.02O3.94F0.06具有优越的循环性能,常温下,以1/3C充放电的首次放电容量及50个循环后的容量保持率分别为117.9 mAh/g,96.9%。     

C/Fe3+掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其及光催化性能的研究

本实验通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了椰壳纤维活性碳掺杂的纳米TiO2、Fe3+掺杂及Fe3+,C共掺杂的纳米TiO2。并采用TEM、XRD、DSC-TGA、UV-Vis等检测手段对样品进行表征,结果表明经过掺杂的TiO2的吸收带边发生一定的红移。Fe3+掺杂及Fe3+,C共掺杂的TiO2的最佳掺杂量为4%,经过掺杂的TiO2在自然光下的催化效率比未经掺杂的TiO2有明显提升,经过在自然光下120 min的甲基橙模拟降解污水实验,经过掺杂的TiO2最大降解率可达42%。     

阴极电沉积制备铝掺杂ZnO薄膜及其光催化性能

以不锈钢为基体,采用阴极电沉积法,从Zn(NO3)2和Zn(NO3)2+Al(NO3)3水溶液中制备了纯ZnO薄膜和铝掺杂ZnO薄膜.用X射线衍射、 扫描电镜和紫外-可见光漫反射光谱研究了铝掺杂对ZnO薄膜相变和光催化活性的影响.结果表明:在铝掺杂ZnO薄膜中,部分Al3+进入ZnO的晶 格,形成固溶体:铝掺杂使ZnO的吸收阈值蓝移大约50nm.和纯ZnO薄膜相比,铝掺杂ZnO薄膜在紫外光和可见光区均呈现出更高的催化活性, 反应60min后.甲基橙的降解率分别提高了45%和30%.探讨了铝掺杂ZnO薄膜光催化活性提高的原因.     

负极材料Li4-xMg-Ti5-yCoyO12的合成及其电化学性能

以Mg(CH3 COO)2·4H2O,CO(CH3 COO)2-4H2O作为Mg2+和CO2+的掺杂源,以乙醇为溶剂,C6H15 NO3作为络合剂,CH3,COOLi·2H2O和Ti(OC4 H9)4作为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备复合掺杂2种金属的Li4-xMg-Ti5-yCoyO12材料,并对其进行了X射线衍射(XR...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。