SO_2在N,N’-二(2-羟丙基)哌嗪硫酸盐水溶液中气液平衡数据的测定

采用静态法,在耐高浓度SO2腐蚀的常压装置中,测定SO2在N,N′-二(2-羟丙基)哌嗪(HPP)硫酸盐水溶液中的气液平衡数据。实验温度283.15~323.15 K,SO2分压7.50~101.12 kPa,HPP浓度5%~30%。研究结果表明,SO2溶解度随HPP浓度增大而显著增大,随气相中SO2浓度的增大而增大,随温度的升高而降低。在实验浓度范围内,同一温度及HPP浓度下,SO2分压增大,溶解度系数值相应增大,SO2在HPP硫酸盐溶液中的溶解过程不符合亨利定律。     

二氧化硫在HZSM-5分子筛中吸附的分子模拟

通过实验测定了二氧化硫(SO2)在HZSM-5型分子筛中的吸附性能,采用巨正则系综Monte Carlo方法建立相应的吸附模型,模拟计算相应的吸附行为。在实验与模拟结果相吻合的基础上,进一步模拟计算了SO2在HZSM-5型分子筛中的吸附等温线、吸附微观构型及吸附热等性质。结果表明:随着硅铝比(摩尔比)的增大,分子筛对SO2的吸附量降低,当硅铝比大于191时,硅铝比对SO2的吸附量影响很小。SO2分子主要吸附在氢离子和Al原子周围。在Al原子周围,SO2分子比较集中,同时发现氢离子的存在会阻碍SO2的扩散。在吸附量相同的条件下,SO2在HZSM-5型分子筛的吸附热随着硅铝比的升高而降低。     

固体酸催化合成棕榈酸乙酯

制备了TiO2/SO2-4、ZrO2/SO2-4、大孔磺酸树脂负载AlCl3等固体酸催化剂,考察了催化剂种类(包括所制备的固体酸和磷钨酸、硅钨酸等杂多酸)、用量、反应时间、物料摩尔比等对酯化反应的影响。选TiO2/SO2-4做催化剂,并采用正交实验技术,优化出较佳合成工艺条件,即:反应温度80℃,反应时间12h,n(棕榈酸)∶n(乙醇)=1∶9,m(催化剂)∶m(棕榈酸)=0 08∶1。棕榈酸乙酯的收率可达96 19%。     

磷石膏两步法制备硫酸钾工艺研究

对以磷石膏、(NH4)2CO3、KCl为原料的两步法制备K2SO4的工艺进行了研究。实验讨论了第二步反应中(NH4)2SO4与KCl物质的量比(物料配比)、(NH4)2SO4溶液初始质量分数、反应温度、反应时间、有机溶剂种类及用量等工艺参数对原料转化率和产品质量的影响,得到适宜工艺条件,反应时间1.5h,反应温度50℃,物料配比[n(NH4)2SO4∶nKCl]为1.05∶2,(NH4)2SO4初始质量分数40%,有机溶剂质量分数为40%,该条件下使K+转化率达到80%以上,产品K2O质量分数达50.89%,K2SO4质量达GB20406-2006国家农用K2SO4一等品的标准。     

25°C下K_2SO_4-(NH_4)_2SO_4-CO(NH_2)_2-H_2O四元体系的相平衡

测定了25C下K2SO4CO(NH2)2H2O及(NH4)2SO4CO(NH2)2H2O 两个三元体系相平衡的数据,并依据Pitzer电解质溶液理论对实验测定值进行了关联,关联结果与实验测定值相吻合. 通过测定25oC下K2SO4(NH4)2SO4CO(NH2)2H2O四元体系的相平衡数据可知尿素不能与硫酸钾或硫酸铵形成复盐,因此该四元体系的相平衡数据可近似由其所含三元体系的相互作用参数推算得出.     

SO_2对钙基吸收剂吸收NO的作用机理

针对低温条件下SO2对Ca(OH)2吸收NO的影响进行了实验研究,分析了烟气中O2和H2O对SO2促进Ca(OH)2吸收NO的影响。实验结果表明,当烟气不含SO2时,Ca(OH)2对NO基本无吸收作用;烟气中SO2的存在对NO吸收具有促进作用。H2O和O2对SO2促进NO吸收有显著影响;当烟气不含O2时,即使大量的SO2被吸收,NO吸收效率仍较低;只有SO2与O2和H2O共存才能促进NO吸收。脱硫产物CaSO3对NO无氧化作用;NO、H2O和SO2未在吸收剂表面产生可分解释放NO2的大分子中间配合物。分析认为在脱硫过程中产生了可以促进NO与O2反应的非稳定中间活性组分。     

负载化TiO_2固体超强酸的制备及光催化降解UDMH废水研究

采用溶胶–凝胶法制备了SO42–/TiO2–Cu2+与SO42–/TiO2–Ag+2种固体超强酸并负载于活性炭纤维(ACF)与颗粒活性炭(GAC)上,利用SEM、XRD和EDS对其进行表征。实验考察了4种负载型光催化剂光催化降解偏二甲肼(UDMH)废水的效果及在SO42–/TiO2–Cu2+催化的降解过程中中间产物的变化情况。结果表明:ACF负载型固体超强酸催化剂的降解效果明显优于GAC负载型催化剂,SO42–/TiO2–Cu2+的催化效果明显优于SO42–/TiO2–Ag+。实验中还对负载型催化剂进行了再生和重复再利用研究,并对其失活原因进行了分析。     

钛基锡锑氧化物电极在合成偶氮二甲酰胺中的应用

采用热分解法制备的SnO2+Sb2O3/Ti作为阳极材料,以联二脲为原料,电化学氧化法合成出偶氮二甲酰胺。通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了电流密度、电量、NaBr的质量浓度和H2SO4的浓度以及反应温度对偶氮二甲酰胺的产率和电流效率的影响。得出最佳工艺条件:电流密度2 300 A/m2,电量12 350 C,NaBr的质量浓度和H2SO4的浓度分别为8 g/L和1.47 mol/L,温度40℃。在最佳条件下,偶氮二甲酰胺的产率达94%,质量分数97%,电流效率89%。此外,SnO2+Sb2O3/Ti电极在NaBr和H2SO4的溶液中的循环伏安测试结果表明,吸附溴原子Brad复合成溴的步骤控制电合成偶氮二甲酰胺的反应速度。整个电极过程包括电子转移及后续的化学反应(EC机理)。     

影响硫回收装置SO_2减排的因素及解决方法

介绍了金陵石化炼油二部3套硫回收装置运行情况。重点分析了影响烟气SO2排放浓度的主要因素,包括酸性气流量和组分波动较大、燃料气硫含量高、配风控制系统、溶剂系统缺陷等。结合影响因素提出降低SO2排放浓度的技改措施及建议。目前3#装置烟气ρ(SO2)已降至月均280 mg/m3水平,满足环保新标准要求。     

25℃下K2SO4–(NH4)2SO4–CO(NH2)2–H2O四元体系的相平衡

测定了25℃下K2SO4–CO(NH2)2–H2O及(NH4)2SO4–CO(NH2)2–H2O 两个三元体系相平衡的数据，并依据Pitzer电解质溶液理论对实验测定值进行了关联，关联结果与实验测定值相吻合. 通过测定25℃下K2SO4–(NH4)2SO4–CO(NH2)2–H2O四元体系的相平衡数据可知尿素不能与硫酸钾或硫酸铵形成复盐，因此该四元体系的相平衡数据可近似由其所含三元体系的相互作用参数推算得出.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。