高氯离子废水中低COD测定方法的探讨

对国标法重铬酸钾法、低浓度氧化剂法、反应器消解法3种方法测定高氯离子废水中低浓度有机物进行比较,并进行精密度、准确度分析。结果表明,低浓度氧化剂法、反应器消解法测定结果准确性高,重现性好,是实验室及污水处理厂等企业测定高氯离子废水中CODCr浓度的可行方法。     

高氯离子浓度对化学需氧量快速测定法的影响与消除

化学需氧量(COD)作为当前工业排污监测的重要指标之一,其分析方法的研究成为当前环境监测的研究热点之一。与经典滴定法相比,快速消解分光光度法操作简单、快速、重现性好。主要探讨了高氯离子对快速消解分光光度法COD测定中产生的影响及消除办法,比较了硫酸汞加入法、稀释法、直接测量法等方法在不同化学需氧量及不同氯离子浓度下的分析结果,利用分析结果与配置的标准溶液浓度相比较,分析了各种方法的优缺点,找出了快速消解分光光度法中氯离子干扰的最优方法。     

异辛酸铬中铬的测定

比较分析了异辛酸铬的2种消解方法即湿法消解和干法消解。实验结果表明,湿法消解是通过将样品溶剂蒸干、硫酸炭化、硝酸消化等方法,使样品变成三价铬溶液;干法消解是用合适的有机溶剂稀释样品,精确吸取适量的样品稀释溶液,通过干燥、炭化和干法灰化,再选择适当浓度的硫酸溶解样品等合适的化学处理方法来制备样品试验溶液。在酸性溶液中,以硝酸银作催化剂,用过硫酸铵将三价铬氧化成六价铬,用硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定六价铬含量。2种方法所得结果误差0.2%。     

微波消解—荧光光度法测定化学需氧量

探讨了一种微波消解制样、荧光光度法快速测定水样化学需氧量的新方法.确定最佳消解条件为:氢离子浓度1.0 mol·L-1、微波消解功率585 W、消解时间6 min,无需催化剂,当氯离子浓度小于800.0 mg·L-1时无需氯离子掩蔽剂.在激发波长为250 nm、发射波长为366 nm条件下用荧光光度法测定Ce(Ⅲ)的荧光强度.结果表明,荧光强度与COD值在0～200.0 mg·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.9 mg·L-1,回收率为94.4%～111.0%.     

酸洗废水COD测试方法调研

文章阐述了采用重铬酸钾法和快速消解光度法测定COD的方法。要点是对试样事先测定氯离子质量浓度,再对试样预先进行银盐处理和排列分组,在测定过程同时加入掩蔽剂以消除氯离子的干扰。从测定结果看本公司酸洗处理后的废水为高氯低COD的废水,这一结果使文中论述的方法原理得到了验证。     

高浓度含盐废水COD测定中Cl~-的影响及消除

对于高氯离子质量浓度,低ＣＯＤ 值的水样,用国标法测定ＣＯＤ 值时会产生较大误差,且误差随着Ｃｌ－ 质量浓度的增加而增大。通过实验探讨了高氯离子质量浓度对水样ＣＯＤ 测定的影响及消除影响的方法。结果表明：采取不掩蔽Ｃｌ－ 测定水样的ＣＯＤ 总量,减去氯离子自身产生的ＣＯＤ 值,能较准确地反映水样的ＣＯＤ 值且结果重复性好。     

同步消解的总磷、总氮测定方法探讨

文章探讨了在同一消解液中同时测定总磷、总氮的分析方法.实验结果表明,选用合适的过硫酸钾的加入量,可在同一消解液中同时测定总磷和总氮,并能克服消解液保存时间短的缺点.应用联合测定方法对标样和水样进行分析,结果准确,方法实用.     

氯离子选择电极在氯碱厂工业废水COD测定中的应用

用氯离子选择电极测定氯离子浓度,通过绘制氯离子浓度-COD校准曲线,求出氯离子的COD,由废水COD值扣除氯离子的COD,即可求得废水中有机物的COD值。该方法测定含氯离子废水COD能反映出废水中有机物污染物情况,简单易行、可操作性强。     

液氯工序安全生产改进措施简

摘要：用氯离子选择电极测定氯离子浓度。通过绘制氯离子浓度一COD校准曲线,求出氯离子的COD,由废水COD值扣除氯离子的COD,即可求得废水中有机物的COD值。该方法测定含氯离子废水COD能反映出废水中有机物污染物情况,简单易行、可操作性强。     

快速密闭催化消解法与重铬酸钾法测定化学需氧量的对比研究

为了对快速密闭催化消解法和重铬酸钾法的分析结果进行对比,分别采用这两种方法对6种不同浓度的样品进行化学需氧量含量的测定,通过样品标准偏差、回收率和操作步骤的繁琐程度对两种方法进行了比较。研究结果表明:快速密闭催化消解法与重铬酸钾法两种方法在测定水中化学需氧量时,重铬酸钾法在精密度、准确性方面稍高,对于低浓度水样,重铬酸钾法较为适用。快速密闭催化消解法的分析时间相对较短,更能胜任实验样品较多时的实验任务。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。