乳酸链球菌素对乳酸菌抑菌作用的研究

目的：为了观察Nisin 对乳酸菌的抑菌效果,探讨Nisin 作为食品级载体筛选方法的最佳抑菌浓度和持续时间。方法：采用试管稀释法和纸片扩散法检测Nisin 对乳酸菌的抑菌浓度,并根据乳酸菌的OD600nm 作出生长曲线,以研究Nisin 对乳酸菌的抑菌效果。结果：Nisin 对乳品工业常用乳酸菌具有较强的抑菌作用,仅某些乳酸乳球菌对Nisin 表现出抗性;Nisin 对乳酸菌有较持久的抑菌效果,可达30～48h 以上。结论：该实验为Nisin 作为食品级载体筛选方法的最佳抑菌浓度和持续时间提供了依据。     

2种乳链菌肽天然变异体抑菌活性的研究

以利斯特氏菌和蜡状芽孢杆菌为材料 ,研究了 2种乳链菌肽天然变异体nisinA和nisinZ的抑菌活性。结果表明 ,nisinA和nisinZ对被试的 2株利斯特氏菌及蜡状芽孢杆菌1 189具有相同的抑菌效果。而对另一株蜡状芽孢杆菌 1 350 ,nisinZ比nisinA显示较强的抑菌活性。不同的培养基对这 2种乳链菌肽天然变异体的抑菌活性具有不同的影响     

Antimicrobial Activities of Nisin,Tea Polyphenols,and Chitosan and their Combinations in Chilled Mutton

Antimicrobial activities of nisin, tea polyphenols (TPs), and chitosan, and their combinations were evaluated against both Gram‐positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram‐negative bacteria (GNB) by the agar dilution method. Results showed that the MIC of nisin was 2.44 to 1250 mg/L for GPB and reached 5000 mg/L for GNB. The MICs of TPs and chitosan were 313 to 625 mg/L and 469 mg/L for GNB, and 156 to 5000 mg/L and 234 to 938 mg/L for GPB, respectively. These results indicated that TPs and chitosan exhibited inhibitory effects against both GPB and GNB, whereas nisin inhibited the growth of GPB only. Based on the orthogonal test of their MICs, and evaluation of preservative effect and sensory attributes in chilled mutton, the optimum combination was chosen as 0.625, 0.313, and 3.752 g/L for nisin, TPs, and chitosan, respectively. By using the optimum treatment, the shelf life of chilled mutton was extended from 6 to 18 d at 4 °C in the preservative film packages. These results indicate that the combination of nisin, TPs, and chitosan could be used as preservatives to efficiently inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms and pathogens in meat, thus improving the safety and shelf life of chilled mutton.     

乳酸链球菌素工业生产过程的稳定性研究

目的 为提高乳酸链球菌素(nisin)在工业生产中的稳定性,研究不同温度、pH值、酸对nisin稳定性的影响,优化制备工艺,提高其稳定性.方法 建立高效液相色谱快速检测Nisin效价的方法并进行可靠性验证;将nisin水溶液分别于不同pH、不同温度条件下作用一定时间,定期监测其效价;使用不同的酸制备nisin成品,定期...     

Antimicrobial Activity and Hydrophobicity of Edible Whey Protein Isolate Films Formulated with Nisin and/or Glucose Oxidase

The use of edible antimicrobial films has been reported as a means to improve food shelf life through gradual releasing of antimicrobial compounds on the food surface. This work reports the study on the incorporation of 2 antimicrobial agents, nisin (N), and/or glucose oxidase (GO), into the matrix of Whey protein isolate (WPI) films at pH 5.5 and 8.5. The antimicrobial activity of the edible films was evaluated against Listeria innocua (ATCC 33090), Brochothrix thermosphacta (NCIB10018), Escherichia coli (JMP101), and Enterococcus faecalis (MXVK22). In addition, the antimicrobial activity was related to the hydrophobicity and water solubility of the WPI films. The greatest antibacterial activity was observed in WPI films containing only GO. The combined addition of N and GO resulted in films with lower antimicrobial activity than films with N or GO alone. In most cases, a pH effect was observed as greater antimicrobial response at pH 5.5 as well as higher film matrix hydrophobicity. WPI films supplemented with GO can be used in coating systems suitable for food preservation.     

壳聚糖对Nisin抑菌稳定性的影响研究

研究了壳聚糖对乳酸链球菌肽（Nisin）抑菌稳定性的作用,并利用红外光谱仪和差式扫描量热仪（DSC）分析了壳聚糖对Nisin保护作用的机理。结果表明：壳聚糖可以显著提高Nisin的抑菌稳定性,在不同的温度及pH范围内,其保护效果有所差异;壳聚糖浓度在1％时效果最好;红外光谱和DSC图谱研究显示,壳聚糖能与Nisin形成氢键,稳定Nisin的空间结构,并能提高Nisin的热稳定性,从而改善了其抑菌稳定性。     

Emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of corn gluten meal

Corn gluten meal with good emulsifying activity and emulsion stability may have potential in food uses. Commercial corn gluten meal from various producers had a pH around 4 and showed no emulsifying activity. Reducing the particle size to below 15 µm or increasing the pH to 6.6 (with particle size above 53 µm) did not improve the emulsifying activity. When the particle size was reduced to below 44 µm and the pH was adjusted to 6.6 or above, good emulsifying activity and good emulsion stability could be obtained. The emulsifying activities of corn gluten meals (<44 µm) from four different producers at around pH 8 ranged from 49.3 to 51.5 and the corresponding emulsion stabilities ranged from 39.7 to 49.5. There was no significant variation in emulsifying activity between pH 6.9 and 7.8 when NaOH, LiOH and KOH were used to adjust the pH, but LiOH‐ and KOH‐adjusted meal at around pH 7.8 showed better emulsion stability than NaOH‐adjusted meal. Good emulsifying activity of corn gluten meal could be obtained in NaCl solutions at sufficiently high pH. Published in 2001 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乳酸链球菌素的稳定性及抑菌特性研究

研究了乳酸链球菌素的稳定性及抑菌特性,以金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌种,在不同的pH值、温度、紫外线照射时间、光照时间、盐糖浓度和金属离子等条件下对乳酸链球菌素进行处理,观察其抑菌活性的变化,为乳酸链球菌素的应用提供理论依据。     

乳链菌肽热稳定性的研究

本实验初步研究了pH1.0～5.0 条件下0%～9% 的海藻糖对乳链菌肽(Nisin)热稳定性的影响。结果表明：pH 值对Nisin 热稳定性有显著影响,无海藻糖加入时,Nisin 溶液在pH3.0 时其自身的热稳定性最强;海藻糖对Nisin 溶液热稳定性具有显著保护作用。海藻糖可作为Nisin 的一种良好保护剂。     

不同分子量段猪皮胶原蛋白酶解物乳化性质

采用超滤分离得到3种不同分子质量段的猪皮胶原蛋白酶解物(PCH 1、PCH 2、PCH 3),并以比色法研究3种酶解物在不同pH值、可溶性蛋白质量浓度和用油量体积分数3个条件下的乳化能力和乳化稳定性。结果表明：pH值、可溶性蛋白质量浓度和用油量体积分数均能显著影响PCH 1、PCH 2、PCH 3的乳化能力和乳化稳定性(P＜0.05),且以可溶性蛋白质量浓度对乳化能力的影响最大。PCH 2和PCH 3的乳化能力显著大于PCH 1(P＜0.05)。分子质量分析结果表明分子质量较小的多肽溶液乳化性质较好。     

海藻糖和葡聚糖对Nisin热稳定性的保护效应

研究不同浓度的海藻糖和葡聚糖对乳链菌肽(Nisin)热处理(121℃,15 min及115℃,15 min)后稳定性的影响。结果表明:添加海藻糖或葡聚糖均能显著提高Nisin溶液热处理后的效价;两个不同温度的处理对乳链菌肽效价均有显著影响效应;在试验所选范围内,3%的糖加入量即可起到有效的保护作用,但海藻糖的保护效果要优于葡聚糖,表明海藻糖可作为乳链菌肽的热稳定保护剂来进一步深入研究。     

抗菌肽Nisin在乳品工业中的应用

Nisin是由乳酸链球菌产生的天然抗菌肽,可以有效的抑制G^＋和G^-细菌,是高效、安全、低毒的食品防腐剂。     

酪蛋白酸钠美拉德反应产物的制备及其乳化特性

利用小型超高温设备制备酪蛋白酸钠与葡萄糖、乳糖、低聚半乳糖、聚葡萄糖的美拉德反应产物,对比分析不同分子质量糖在不同热处理时间的美拉德反应进程及产物的乳化特性。结果表明,小分子质量的糖更易发生美拉德反应,褐变指数与反应程度呈正相关,乳化活性与接枝度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,但两者并不成线性关系,酪蛋白酸钠与葡萄糖、乳糖、低聚半乳糖、聚葡萄糖乳化活性达到的最大值分别为0.63、0.51、0.55和0.48,其中130?℃热处理15?s的酪蛋白酸钠-葡萄糖溶液乳化活性最大,高于其他组,与水浴90?℃热处理90?min相当,并且乳化稳定性也呈现较高的水平,为123.88?min,将其用作乳化剂制备的DHA藻油乳状液稳定性动力学指数为1.5,显著小于其他组（P＜0.05）;由此可见,葡萄糖可作为美拉德反应的优良糖基配体制备新型高效的乳化剂,并且此方法可实现连续化生产,极大缩短了反应时间,提高了生产效率,对工业化生产具有指导意义。     

物理、化学、生物法处理蛋黄颗粒对其乳化特性影响的研究进展

蛋黄颗粒（Egg Yolk Granules, EYGs）是蛋黄经过稀释离心后的沉淀部分,因其主要成分为脂蛋白,所以具有一定的乳化性能。天然颗粒的乳化性能由于其内部结构的影响,乳化性能较差,但经过不同方式处理后可使其乳化性能得到明显改善。然而到目前为止,关于蛋黄颗粒乳化性能的改善方式和效果等仍缺乏深入探讨和系统总结。基于此,该研究综述了几种较为广泛的处理方式,包括机械处理、加热处理、外源添加处理、化学处理和酶法处理等对蛋黄颗粒乳化性和乳化稳定性的改善效果,发现大部分方法均可不同程度增强蛋黄颗粒的乳化性或乳化稳定性,且作用机制不尽相同。该研究阐述了各种处理方式对蛋黄颗粒结构、乳化性能的影响及其作用机制,为改善蛋黄颗粒乳化性能、明确作用机理提供了理论参考。同时,对蛋黄颗粒的发展方向提出展望,以期提高蛋黄颗粒在未来食品领域中的应用价值。     

甜菜果胶乳化活性及稳定性

甜菜果胶是一种从甜菜粕中提取的酸性阴离子多糖,主链由鼠李糖和半乳糖醛酸组成,侧链数量丰富,主 要由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、果糖等一些中性糖组成。其中中性糖末端与蛋白质共价连接,赋予了甜菜果胶 良好的乳化性质。本研究主要探究了甜菜果胶的乳化特性并与柑橘果胶进行对比。考察了甜菜粕产地、果胶质量 浓度、pH值、温度、贮藏时间等对乳液特性（粒径分布、平均粒径、Zeta-电位和浊度变化）的影响。研究结果表 明,产地不同对甜菜果胶结构组成影响较大,以甜菜果胶制备的乳液粒径显著小于柑橘果胶乳液,且乳化活性更 高。当甜菜果胶质量浓度为10～25 mg/mL时,乳液在4 周的贮存期内保持良好的稳定性,而柑橘果胶乳液粒径显著 增加。pH 2～6的范围内,果胶粒径基本保持不变。25～85 ℃升温过程中,柑橘果胶乳液粒径大幅增加。说明甜菜 果胶具有良好的乳化活性和稳定性。本研究为甜菜果胶的实际应用提供了理论指导。     

乳链菌肽应用的新进展

本主要介绍了乳链菌肽在食品防腐中应用的新进展及在口腔保健,兽医和药用领域的应用潜力。     

乳链菌肽在乳制品防腐保鲜中应用的研究

叙述了乳链菌肽这种天然食品防腐剂在奶制品中的应用及注意事项。     

非生物性因素对乳酸链球菌素抗菌活性的影响

为了研究乳酸链球菌素(nisin)的抗菌活性,采用金黄色葡萄球菌为实验培养菌种,分别研究了不同的酸溶液(乙酸、硝酸、盐酸、柠檬酸)、不同的金属离子(Zn2+、K+、Fe3+、Cu2+)、不同的离子强度(以Na+的离子强度:0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8mol/L)和不同的pH值(4.0、4.5、5.0、5.5、6.0)等非生物性因素对Nisin抗菌活性的影响。实验结果表明,乙酸对Nisin的抗菌活性的提高效果最佳;加入金属离子会提高Nisin的抗菌活性,其中K+的促进作用最强;离子强度的增加对Nisin的抗菌活性有很大的提高;Nisin在pH4.0的酸性环境中抗菌活性最好。     

Emulsion Stabilized with Starch Octenyl Succinate Prolongs Nisin Activity Against Listeria Monocytogenes in a Cantaloupe Juice Model

Food safety related to fresh and fresh‐cut produce, such as cantaloupe, is a great challenge in the food industry. Various processing technologies, including the use of antimicrobial materials, have been applied to reduce pathogens. Nisin, an antimicrobial peptide, shows strong inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes (LM); however, it suffers from quick depletion in foods. In this study, the protective effect of starch octenyl succinate (starch‐OS) stabilized emulsion on nisin was evaluated in a cantaloupe juice model. Results showed that the proteolytic enzyme in cantaloupe juice caused nisin depletion, and the adsorption of nisin in emulsion led to considerable protection of antimicrobial activity. After 1, 3, and 6 d of incorporation with cantaloupe juice, the size of LM inhibitory ring were 7.64, 7.60, and 2.97 mm, respectively for emulsion formulations, whereas it reduced from 3.60 mm to a negligible level for nisin‐alone. This study showed the potential of using carbohydrate colloidal systems to prolong the efficacy of antimicrobial materials.     

Enhancing Physical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Konjac Glucomannan Edible Films by Incorporating Chitosan and Nisin

ABSTRACT: The antimicrobial effect of konjac glucomannan (KGM) edible ûlm incorporating chitosan (CHI) and nisin at various ratios or concentrations was studied. This activity was tested against pathogenic bacteria, namely, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes , and Bacillus cereus. Mechanical and physical properties were determined, and the results indicated that the blend film KC2 (mixing ratio KGM 80/ CHI 20) showed the maximum tensile strength (102.8 ± 3.8 MPa) and good transparency, water solubility, and water vapor transmission ratio. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the structural change of the blend films; and the results showed that strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds occurred between CHI and KGM. Incorporation of nisin at 463IU per disk of film for the selected KC2 was found to have antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, L. monocytogenes , and B. cereus. The mean value of inhibition zone diameter of the CHI-N series and the KC2-N series were higher than the KGM-N series at each corresponding concentration and with significant difference ( P < 0.05), however, there was no significant difference in the antimicrobial effect between CHI and KC2 incorporating nisin. At all these levels, the blend ûlm KC2-nisin had a satisfactory appearance, mechanical and physical properties, and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, it could be considered as a potential "active" packaging material.