萃取新技术在有色冶金中的应用

综述了由常规的萃取技术上发展起来的双水相萃取、膜萃取、物理场强化萃取、离心萃取和泡沫浮选萃取等新技术在有色冶金中的应用。     

新技术在步进梁式加热炉上的应用

介绍了由公司总承包的大冶特殊钢股份有限公司在新增步进梁式加热炉上应用的新技术,包括推钢机功能调整、进出料悬臂辊道材质和结构的创新、上料台架传动方式的创新,以及步进装置导向结构创新。     

“跳仓”施工法施工技术应用

文章简要论述在大体积混凝土工程施工中,将超长的混凝土块体分为若干小块体间隔施工,经过短期的应力释放,再将若干小块体连成整体,依靠混凝土抗拉强度抵抗下一段的温度收缩应力的施工方法———跳仓施工法。     

Research in Visualization Techniques for Field Construction

Field construction can be planned, monitored, and controlled at two distinct levels: (1)?the activity or schedule level; and (2)?the operation or process level. Graphical three-dimensional (3D) visualization can serve as an effective communication method at both levels. Many research efforts in visualizing construction are rooted in scheduling. They typically involve linking activity-based construction schedules and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) models of facilities to describe discretely evolving construction product visualizations (often referred to as four-dimensional CAD). The focus is on communicating what components are built where and when, with the intention of studying the optimal activity sequence, spatial, and temporal interferences. The construction processes or operations actually involved in building the components are usually implied. A second approach in visualizing construction is rooted in discrete-event simulation that, in addition to visualizing evolving construction products, also concerns the visualization of the operations and processes that are performed in building them. In addition to what is built where and when, the approach communicates who builds it and how by depicting the interaction between involved machines, resources, and materials. This paper introduces the two approaches and describes the differences in concept, form, and content between activity level and operations level construction visualization. An example of a structural steel framing operation is presented to elucidate the comparison. This work was originally published in the proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Winter Simulation Conference. This paper expands on the original work by describing recent advances in both activity and operations level construction visualization.     

Review of Life-Cycle Assessment Applications in Building Construction

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) has been used to assess product development processes “from cradle to grave” for many years. With the current push toward sustainable construction, LCA has gained importance as an objective method to evaluate the environmental impact of construction practices. A substantial amount of construction-related LCA work has been published recently; however, most of this work has been fragmented and a systematic compilation of this literature has not been undertaken. This article presents a structured review of building construction-related LCA literature, classified under four categories: LCA applications for construction products selection; LCA applications for construction systems/process evaluation; LCA tools and databases related to the construction industry; and LCA methodological developments related to the construction industry. Current challenges for using LCA in construction are discussed and potential areas for future research are highlighted. This review and similar efforts may provide the construction industry and associated researchers the necessary background to make better-informed construction decisions and assist the development of an agenda for further research.     

一维纳米材料的制备、性质及应用

一维纳米结构在介观物理以及纳米级器件的制作方面具有独特的应用潜力，近年来纳米线、纳米棒、纳米带、纳米管等一维纳米结构成为研究的焦点。综述了近来文献报道的有关一维纳米材料制备的新方法，如声波降解法、模板法、气相一液相一固相法、溶剂热法等，其中对形貌控制得较好的模板法做了重点介绍。另外，对一维纳米材料的性质如热稳定性、电子传送特性和光学特性及其在激光发射和光学开关等方面的应用作了简单介绍，并对该领域未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

CAD技术及其在冶金机械设计领域中的应用

本文简述了ＣＡＤ技术、ＣＡＤ系统的基本构成，着重介绍了几个实用的软件包以及它们在冶金机械设计领域中的应用。     

Applications of X-Ray Characterization for Advanced Materials in the Electronics Industry

Nanometer thick films, quantum dots, and quantum wires are the basis of the modern electronic industry. X-ray diffraction techniques play an increasingly important role as basic characterization tools for determining detailed structural information of ultrathin film such as the evolution of strain relaxation, defect formation, film/substrate interfacial properties, and the effects of the reduced dimensionality and structural correlations to electrical properties. Materials of technological interest are SiGe and strained Si; artificial substrates such as silicon on insulator; high- and low-κ dielectric materials, which will substitute SiO₂; materials for interconnects; new materials for memory storage; micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS); and photovaltaics. An overview of the major X-ray scattering applications of interest to this industry will be presented in this article.     

关于桩基施工水平位移监测新方法的探讨

结合上海市闵行区七宝镇某工程桩基施工环境监测项目,提出了一种通过一次设站进行水平位移监测的方法.该方法综合了视准线小角法和观测点设站法的优点,是一种精度较高,能大大减少外业测量的工作量的新方法.     

信息化施工技术在城市地下工程中的应用

对长沙电缆隧道工程施工中进行地表沉降、围岩应力、位移收敛、爆破震动速度等监测,并对所测资料进行分析与信息反馈,在安全施工与质量保证方面取得良好效果。     

水平定向钻非开挖技术在煤气管道施工中的应用

介绍了昆钢在科技大厦煤气管道施工中采用的水平定向钻非开挖施工技术,阐述了施工前的各项准备措施及施工工艺流程。     

高层建筑施工中沉降观测技术的应用

根据现行规范规定,高层建筑物施工过程中必须应用沉降观测加强过程监控,指导合理的施工工序,预防在施工过程中出现不均匀沉降,及时反馈信息为施工部门提供详尽的第一手资料,避免因沉降原因造成建筑物主体结构的破坏或产生影响结构使用功能的裂缝,进而造成巨大的经济损失。     

基坑支护工程在施工技术中的应用

文章根据基坑支护工程特点,确定了基坑支护方案选择、设计和施工过程,详细阐述了基坑支护工程施工技术方案和具体处理措施,并对施工效果进行监测。     

基于绿色施工的环境保护技术

阐述了绿色施工的概念及我国实施可持续发展战略对绿色施工提出的要求,分析了施工中常见的污染(扬尘、噪音、光污染、水污染和建筑垃圾)对环境和社会的影响.结合绿色施工的需要,分别提出了解决这些污染问题的方法和途径.     

Predicting Construction Cost Using Multiple Regression Techniques

This paper describes the development of linear regression models to predict the construction cost of buildings, based on 286 sets of data collected in the United Kingdom. Raw cost is rejected as a suitable dependent variable and models are developed for cost/m2, log of cost, and log of cost/m2. Both forward and backward stepwise analyses were performed, giving a total of six models. Forty-one potential independent variables were identified. Five variables appeared in each of the six models: gross internal floor area (GIFA), function, duration, mechanical installations, and piling, suggesting that they are the key linear cost drivers in the data. The best regression model is the log of cost backward model which gives an R2 of 0.661 and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 19.3%; these results compare favorably with past research which has shown that traditional methods of cost estimation have values of MAPE typically in the order of 25%.     

Data-Fusion Approaches and Applications for Construction Engineering

Data fusion can be defined as the process of combining data or information for estimating the state of an entity. Data fusion is a multidisciplinary field that has several benefits, such as enhancing the confidence, improving reliability, and reducing ambiguity of measurements for estimating the state of entities in engineering systems. It can also enhance completeness of fused data that may be required for estimating the state of engineering systems. Data fusion has been applied to different fields, such as robotics, automation, and intelligent systems. This paper reviews some examples of recent applications of data fusion in civil engineering and presents some of the potential benefits of using data fusion in civil engineering.     

论勘查技术与工程专业钻井工程教学

针对中国地质大学(北京)勘查技术与工程专业教育现状,指出勘查专业应该开展课程建设,扩大钻井工程教学内容,补充相关石油知识.建议建立现场实习基地,尽量延长学生实习时间,加强学生专业英语教育,培养适应钻井工作需要的国际性人才.     

Process versus Data Oriented Techniques in Pile Construction Productivity Assessment

A large number of problems faces the installation of pile (drilled shaft) foundations: unseen subsurface obstacles, lack of contractor experience, site planning, etc. These problems make it difficult for the estimator to assess the pile construction productivity and cost. Several techniques might be good candidates for this assessment problem. A fundamental question arises: which technique is the most appropriate to solve this assessment problem? This study focuses on answering this fundamental research question. Data were collected through designed questionnaires, site interviews, and telephone calls to experts in different construction companies. Four different techniques were listed as candidates to solve this problem: deterministic, simulation, multiple regression, and artificial neural network (ANN). They were categorized into two groups: process oriented techniques, deterministic and simulation; and data oriented techniques (DOT), regression and ANN. All techniques were used to assess productivity and cost of pile construction. Their results were compared to determine the closest assessment to real world practice. Research results show that the DOT techniques were the most appropriate whereas they had the lowest deviation from real world practice.