第一套“全自热非等压醇烷化净化新工艺”应用小结

2001年以前，我厂合成氨能力为120kt／a，只有单一尿素产品。Φ1000mm及Φ800mm两套氨合成系统生产能力达到满负荷，氨合成系统运行压力高达32．0MPa，吨氨电耗、气体单耗、综合能耗均偏高；铜洗有Φ1000mm及Φ700mm两套系统，经常出现铜洗系统出口气体CO、CO2含量过高、铜洗塔起泡带液等现象。氨合成及铜洗装置能力偏小，严重影响我厂经济效益和企业发展。     

高压氨合成塔内件升级改造总结

1~#高压氨合成装置的氨合成塔原采用DN 1 000 mm二轴一径型内件,其在使用后期存在产量低、系统压力高、催化剂床层同平面温差大等问题,为此,将氨合成塔内件更换为一轴二径型。改造后,合成氨产量由260 t/d提高至300 t/d,氨合成塔阻力由0.83 MPa降至0.55 MPa,系统阻力由2.30 MPa降至1.80 MPa,年可降低生产成本约316万元。     

云南天安氨合成技术特点及运行总结

介绍云南天安化工有限公司氨合成装置自开车投产以来的运行控制情况．合成氨采用KBR塔后分氨15．5MPa低压氨合成工艺,使用了新型卧式合成塔、组合式氨冷器,缩短了工艺流程,提高了热利用率。降低了系统阻力,应用辽宁盘锦南方化学辽河催化剂有限公司生产的Amomax-10／10H型氨合成催化剂．提高了合成效率。该回路还具有无弛放气、能耗低、操作简便等特点。     

醇烃化精制及氨合成系统运行总结

<正>0前言河南心连心化肥有限公司一厂氨合成塔原采用DN800 mm和DN1000 mm合成系统各1套并联操作运行,日产合成氨300 t,操作压力30.0～31.0 MPa,压缩机能耗高,维修量较大,系统泄漏     

印度PDIL推荐的双合成/双分离法生产合成氨

<正> 现代化合成氨系统其合成压力为150～250atm(1470×10~4～1961×10~4pa),在这种压力下操作的传统的氨厂其吨氨能耗高达6.7百万cal/t,有的甚至更高。高能耗推动了改造的进行,诸如改造合成塔或新设计合成塔内套改造老塔。     

低压氨合成技术在我公司的应用

15 MPa低压氨合成技术是由湖南安淳高新技术有限公司开发、河南心连心化肥有限公司参与研究的新一代氨合成技术,将目前国外较为先进的氨合成设计理念融入到了设计中,其中,氨合成塔内件借鉴卡萨利氨合成技术的设计理念,采用最新的准全径向结构。运行实践表明,低压氨合成系统运行压力低(12.6 MPa)、运行阻力低(约0.95 MPa),降低了氢氮气压缩机和循环机的能耗,提高了合成氨的品质,2套240 kt/a装置日产合成氨达1 650 t左右,经济效益显著。     

GC-R023型氨合成塔技术及应用

设计生产能力1 200 t/d大型合成氨生产装置采用低压合成氨生产工艺,其GC-R023型氨合成塔(Ф2 600 mm)是目前完全采用国内专利技术、自主设计、自主制作的大型设备。氨合成塔内件为三径向结构,装填DNCA(A207型)催化剂,介绍了催化剂的升温还原和生产运行情况。目前,该装置在粉煤流量为42～46 t/h时,合成氨产量32～36 t/h,氨合成系统压力10.8～11.2 MPa,系统压差0.55～0.60 MPa,合成塔压差0.15～0.16 MPa,氨净值14.6%～14.8%(体积分数)。     

ⅢJ-99型Φ800氨合成塔内件使用总结

0 前言。四川宜宾金岭化工有限公司目前合成氨年生产能力为4万t，合成系统原流程中冷交、废热锅炉配置偏小，原Φ800氨合成塔内件使用过程中压力经常高于30MPa而需放空操作，且能耗也比较高。为解决以上问题，于2002年的年度大修时将原合成塔内件更换为湖南安淳公司设计制造的Φ800、ⅢJ-99型三轴一径式内件，同时换用高效换热管制作的冷交、循环气预热器芯子，换用更大换热面积的废热锅炉，并对系统流程做了部分更改，部分主管线放大。自大修后系统投入运行以来，合成系统压力明显降低，取得显著的增产节能效果。     

合成氨球形触媒的应用

为提高合成氨生产能力、降低吨氨能耗,我厂合成系统除了中置锅炉回收余热及改进合成塔内件以外,重点抓了节能型氨触媒的应用。1985年底大检修时,将~#4合成塔氨触媒由原来的无定型改为郑州大学生产的球形触媒。至1988年5月份因合成塔内件漏气进行检修时,卸出触媒。使用近两年半的时间,生产合成氨9.50万吨与第3炉无定型触媒相比,多产合成氨4.4万吨,使用寿命延长1年,吨氨节电25.11度,吨氨能耗下降29.73×10~4kJ。下面就我厂具体应用情况作一介绍。     

Ø1 500 mm氨合成塔内件的改进及应用

通过对合成塔内件使用过程中存在的合成塔塔壁温度高、催化剂第一层平面温差大、第二层反应量大而使温度偏高等问题进行分析,提出改进措施并实施,同时采用新的氨合成催化剂还原理念对催化剂快速彻底还原.改进后,平面温差小于10℃,合成系统压力由31.0 MPa降至28.5 MPa,吨氨电耗下降55 kWh,氨产量由395.6t/d提高至425.0t/d,系统工艺指标得到优化,达到了稳定操作、提高产量、降低能耗的效果.     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

实施水泵节能技改 实现节能降耗

介绍了内蒙古亿利化学工业有限公司在满足生产的前提下,对现有的循环水泵实施的节能技改及效果。     

泡沫起泡性、稳定性及评价方法

本文论述了泡沫的两个基本性质:起泡性和稳定性。对起泡性和提高泡沫稳定性的方法作了评价。