馈能磁流变半主动悬架模糊滑模控制

为优化悬架减振性能和馈能性能,提出了一种馈能磁流变减振器结构,并设计了相应的半主动悬架模糊滑模控制策略。建立了磁流变减振器力学模型和馈能模型,以及相应的二自由度半主动悬架系统数学模型。针对半主动悬架系统的不确定性,基于混合天地棚阻尼控制系统,设计了滑模变结构控制器。使用饱和函数缓解系统抖振,并运用模糊控制优化滑模控制器。用谐波叠加法生成路面激励输入,分别对被动悬架、基于混合天地棚阻尼控制的半主动悬架以及基于模糊滑模控制的半主动悬架进行对比仿真。结果表明：基于模糊滑模控制的半主动悬架减振性能更好,能耗更小,且有良好的馈能性能,验证了馈能磁流变减振器结构的可行性和模糊滑模控制策略的有效性。     

汽车座椅悬架振动的模糊控制研究

建立了车辆座椅悬架系统和路面输入模型,应用模糊控制理论,对车辆座椅半主动悬架模糊控制器进行设计,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下对此模糊控制器进行了仿真,将它与被动悬架以及用模糊控制器控制的半主动悬架做了比较及性能分析.仿真结果证明,相对于其他两种悬架来说,具有模糊控制器作用的半主动悬架在改善座椅悬架振动加速度、速度和乘坐舒适性方面有明显效果.     

基于灰狼算法的矿用自卸车油气悬架半主动控制

为解决矿用自卸车乘坐舒适性与道路友好性相矛盾的问题,提出了一种可控阻尼阀式半主动油气悬架系统。搭建了包含摩擦力的油气弹簧AMESim物理模型,建立了可控阻尼阀的多项式力学模型;设计了一种以可控阻尼阀驱动电压为半主动控制对象的改进天棚控制策略,并基于灰狼优化算法对改进天棚策略关键控制参数进行优化。联合仿真结果表明：D级随机路面下,半主动油气悬架的车身加速度相比被动悬架减小了11.4%,而轮胎动载荷仅增加了1.1%,相比传统天棚控制策略,更好地兼顾了矿用自卸车的乘坐舒适性和道路友好性。硬件在环试验结果也验证了该控制策略的有效性和可行性。     

应用磁流变阻尼器的车辆半主动座椅悬架系统性能研究

为寻求车辆半主动座椅悬架控制策略使其达到较好的减振效果,对应用磁流变液阻尼器的汽车座椅悬架进行了建模研究.利用BP神经网络的自适应学习功能,通过采集偏差信号对传统PID控制策略的控制参数进行实时在线整合,使得座椅悬架具有更强的适应性和更好的减振效果.在MATLAB/Simulink工具箱建立了人-座椅-车七自由度的系统仿真模型,对比PID控制策略以及被动模型,验证了该控制方法的可行性与有效性,能够减小驾驶员在车辆行驶过程中,由路面经座椅悬架传递至驾驶员头部的振动的幅值和加速度.     

采用磁流变阻尼器的三自由度半主动座椅悬架系统变论域模糊控制

对座椅悬架系统用磁流变阻尼器进行阻尼特性试验,利用最小二乘法对双曲正切模型进行参数辨识。结合座椅悬架系统的动力学特性,建立三自由度半主动座椅悬架系统模型。针对采用传统模糊控制精度不高的问题,提出一种基于模糊推理的变论域模糊控制策略。以脉冲路面激励和随机路面激励为输入,分别对被动悬架、传统模糊控制半主动悬架系统及变论域模糊控制半主动悬架系统进行动力学仿真分析。仿真结果表明:采用最小二乘法辨识出的参数模型可满足后续计算。所设计的变论域模糊控制策略减振效果明显优于传统模糊控制,能有效隔离路面冲击干扰,使得座椅悬架系统的综合性能得到明显改善。     

应用磁流变阻尼器的车辆半主动座椅悬架系统性能研究

为寻求车辆半主动座椅悬架控制策略使其达到较好的减振效果,对应用磁流变液阻尼器的汽车座椅悬架进行了建模研究.利用BP神经网络的自适应学习功能,通过采集偏差信号对传统PID控制策略的控制参数进行实时在线整合,使得座椅悬架具有更强的适应性和更好的减振效果.在MATLAB/Simulink工具箱建立了人-座椅-车七自由度的系统仿真模型,对比PID控制策略以及被动模型,验证了该控制方法的可行性与有效性,能够减小驾驶员在车辆行驶过程中,由路面经座椅悬架传递至驾驶员头部的振动的幅值和加速度.     

基于ADAMS的载重汽车半主动悬架磁流变减振系统研究

为改善车辆悬架系统的刚度和阻尼特性,通过分析载重汽车半主动悬架系统的运动,建立了半主动悬架磁流变减振器阻尼力设计模型,确定了磁流变阻尼器的结构参数、控制策略,应用ADAMS软件仿真分析了磁流变连续可变阻尼半主动悬架的动力学响应。仿真结果表明,磁流变阻尼器具有很好的阻尼减振效应。利用磁流变液体的表观黏度随外加磁场变化阻尼可变的特性,控制半主动悬架的刚度和阻尼规律,实现了载重汽车的自适应减振,有效改善了车辆的行驶平顺性及操纵稳定性。     

半主动空气悬架减振支柱机理与建模研究

半主动空气悬架可根据行驶工况调节悬架参数,提高车辆的综合性能。通过解剖某型半主动空气悬架减振支柱,了解其内部结构与阻尼调节原理。利用台架试验获得了该减振支柱的刚度特性与阻尼特性,可以实现阻尼状态的四级可调。建立减振支柱各组成部分的数学模型,该模型能够很好地描述减振器支柱在四个阻尼状态下的力学特性,可通过参数β反映减振器的阻尼调节动态性能,并仿真分析了参数β对减振器响应特性的影响,为半主动空气悬架控制策略的开发提供了依据。     

基于快速幂次趋近律的人-椅及油气悬架系统模糊滑模控制

为了提升工程车辆的行驶平顺性和驾驶员的驾驶舒适性,在工程车辆半主动油气悬架系统力学模型的基础上,综合考虑驾驶室座椅对人体臀部和驾驶室地板对人体小腿两部分振动对驾驶员的影响,参考人体集中质量模型建立人-椅集中质量模型。基于工程车辆半主动油气悬架系统,针对滑模控制策略的稳定性问题,提出基于快速幂次趋近律的模糊滑模控制方法,并将其与被动悬架、模糊滑模控制方法进行方真对比。仿真结果表明,基于快速幂次趋近律的模糊滑模控制方法与被动悬架和模糊滑模控制方法相比,车身垂向加速度分别降低了82.6%和67.6%,车轮动载荷分别降低了46.2%和25.7%;与被动悬架相比,驾驶员总加权加速度降低了71.1%。经频域分析可见,基于快速幂次趋近律的模糊滑模控制器可以明显降低人体内脏和脊椎共振频率范围内的振动,表明基于快速幂次趋近律的模糊滑模控制方法相比于模糊滑模控制方法,可以有效提升工程车辆的行驶平顺性和驾驶员的驾驶舒适性。     

磁流变减振器魔术公式模型在悬架控制中的应用

基于某款磁流变减振器特性实验数据,辨识了磁流变减振器魔术公式模型的各项参数,模型误差在8%以内。在适当简化磁流变减振器魔术公式模型的条件下,通过直接逆推得到磁流变减振器魔术公式逆模型。仿真中,磁流变减振器魔术公式正、逆模型实现加速度驱动阻尼控制策略期望阻尼力的误差平均值为3.67%。台架实验中,磁流变减振器魔术公式逆模型的应用使车身加速度降低了6.27%,实现了加速度驱动阻尼控制策略的控制效果。磁流变减振器魔术公式模型在半主动控制悬架系统仿真及台架实验中的成功应用对磁流变半主动悬架控制系统的研究有较强的实际意义。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.