一种参数预估-校正的NURBS曲线插补算法研究

提出了Milne-Simpson参数预估-校正的NURBS曲线插补算法.详细阐述了参数插补预估及校正机理.采用最大弓高误差、最大进给速度和最大法向加速度约束,以便实时调整插补进给步长,从而满足了NURBS曲线插补的高速和高精度要求.     

NURBS曲线实时插补进给速度规划技术研究

为了解决NURBS实时插补进给速度规划过程中所存在的计算量大,实时性不高等问题,提出了离线进给速度规划方法。该方法在非实时周期内完成速度规划任务,并生成进给速度曲线。为了满足机床动力学约束,在规划过程中充分考虑了机床最大加速度和最大加加速度约束。仿真分析表明,该方法能够大幅减小实时插补周期的计算任务量,提高插补的实时性;同时,所规划的速度曲线满足机床动力学要求,具有良好的进给速度平滑效果,有利于提高插补精度。     

CNC系统中NURBS曲线实时插补算法研究

提出了一种基于德布尔递推算法的NURBS曲线实时插补方法。该算法显著减小了计算时间，从而能够适应伺服驱动系统的高采样频率要求。通过一个实际插补例子，对算法的实时性、实际进给速度和误差等方面进行了分析，证明能够满足实际加工的要求。     

NURBS曲线S形加减速双向寻优插补算法研究

由于非均匀有理B样条(Non-uniform rational B-splines,NURBS)曲线的弧长与参数之间无精确解析关系,并且进给速度总是受到非线性变化的曲线曲率的约束,因此基于S形加减速进行NURBS曲线插补时,减速点难以准确预测。传统算法通常是沿曲线单方向插补,不仅未考虑曲率对进给速度的持续限制,而且加减速分类与计算公式复杂。为此,提出运动路程未知情况下不依赖于弧长精确计算的正向和反向同步加速的插补新算法,实时动态地求解曲线段内最大进给速度和正反向插补会合点,从而实现处处满足全部速度约束条件的最优插补。该算法无需求解高次方程与繁琐的加减速模式分类,并可保证以确定的速度通过曲率极值点和曲线终点。通过两个插补实例证明算法简明高效,适应性好,能够满足高速高精度数控要求。     

基于Gear预估校正法的NURBS曲线插补算法研究

针对传统NURBS曲线插补方法中的实时性差和速度进给波动大等缺点,提出了一种基于Gear预估校正法的新型NURBS曲线插补算法。算法首先采用Gear线性多步法进行精确的参数值预估,再采用预处理矩阵法求出预估步长,然后根据自适应速度规划求出的理想步长进行参数值迭代校正。仿真结果表明,该算法简化了参数插补的计算,保证了插补的实时性;同时提高了插补精度,在控制速度波动方面具有较好的表现。     

NURBS曲线S形加减速寻回实时插补算法

针对高速高精加工中传统的NURBS算法沿曲线方向进行单一插补时,曲线的弧长与参数之间无精确的解析关系、进给速度又总是受到非线性变化的曲线曲率约束,导致基于S型加减速进行NURBS插补时,曲线长度的实时计算以及对减速点的预测十分困难,无法获得曲线余下部分的速度约束信息,而且在进行实时插补的过程中可能出现计算负荷过大、导致数据饥饿的现象,影响整个系统的实时性。针对以上问题,提出了一种寻回插补实时算法。该算法不依赖于曲线弧长的精确计算,采用正向与反向同步插补的方法。在前瞻插补模块中先对曲线进行逆向插补,确定正反向插补的校验点,以及正向插补所需的相关信息;在实时插补模块中,通过对比校验点的速度,判断是调用逆向插补的数据还是继续进行正向插补,从而实现满足速度约束条件的最优插补。该算法无须求解高次方程并可以保证以确定的速度通过曲率极值点和曲线终点,很好地保证了插补过程中的实时性。通过插补实例证明了算法简单高效、适应性以及实时性好,能够满足高速高精度数控加工的要求。     

基于de Boor算法的NURBS曲线插补和自适应速度控制研究

以NURBS曲线deBoor递推插补算法为基础，针对NURBS曲线速度处理的特殊性，建立了一种NURBS曲线自适应速度控制模型，该模型分为速度自适应控制和插补前加减速处理两部分。以deBoor算法为基础对整个插补周期的弓高误差以及切向和法向加速度进行实时监控，分析了误差产生的原因并进行了相应的速度控制；以插补前直线加减速为例引入NURBS反向插补的概念，解决了NURBS曲线减速区长度计算问题。实验结果表明，该模型满足实际的NURBS曲线插补的需要。     

基于四阶龙格—库塔算法的NURBS曲线插补

为了提高数控机床的精密加工能力,提出了基于四阶龙格—库塔算法的NURBS曲线插补方法。该方法通过使用四阶龙格—库塔算法求解NURBS曲线节点矢量,得到更高精度的NURBS曲线节点矢量增量,并采用后向差分法代替微分求导的复杂计算过程,提高NURBS曲线插补的稳定性,通过弓高和最大加速度约束插补步长的方法对NURBS曲线插补步长进行限制,减小插补误差对该插补算法的影响。NURBS曲线插补算法过程运用MATLAB软件进行仿真及数据分析处理,验证了该NURBS曲线插补方法的合理性和可行性。     

一种简化计算的S型加减速NURBS插补算法

针对目前NURBS曲线插补中加减速控制方法不足的问题,实现了加工过程中进给速度的平滑过渡,提出了一种新的NURBS曲线插补方法,包括速度规划和实时插补两个方面。速度规划采用了一种基于曲率自适应的简化计算的S型加减速方法,并结合"双向插补"的思想实时预测减速点,防止产生过大的弓高误差;实时插补则利用Muller插值和Newton迭代法计算了下一周期的插补参数,进而求出了下一时刻到达的空间坐标点。最后与已有插补方法进行了仿真分析比较。研究结果表明,该方法能保证加速度连续和加加速度有界,有效减少弓高误差和进给速度波动,提高机床运行的平稳性。     

基于de Boor算法的NURBS曲线自适应插补研究

在现代数控加工中已普遍使用NURBS曲线插补,但大多数NURBS曲线插补都致力于取得恒定的进给速度而不是轮廓精度,对此,提出了基于de Boor算法的NURBS自适应插补算法.将de Boor算法应用于NURBS曲线插补中,并用限定弓高误差对插补的进给速度实行自适应调节,实现了数控加工中进给速度的平滑过渡,减少速度急剧变化时对机床的冲击,保证了NURBS曲线实时插补和轮廓加工的精度.通过仿真证明了这种插补算法的实时性和实际应用的可行性.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.