Reduction of PAPR of OFDM Signals Using Nonlinear Companding Transform

In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel nonlinear companding transform (NCT) scheme for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The key idea of the proposed scheme is to transform the original Gaussian-distributed OFDM signals into a specific statistics form, whose target probability density function is defined by a piecewise function with an inflexion point. By properly choosing the transform parameters, this scheme can enable more flexibility and freedom in the companding form so that a favorable tradeoff between PAPR reduction and bit error rate (BER) performance can be achieved. Moreover, compared to existing NCT techniques, this scheme dramatically decreases the impact of companding distortion on the BER performance to reach a given PAPR level. The analytical expressions regarding the achievable transform gain in PAPR, complementary cumulative density function, attenuation coefficient, and selection criteria of transform parameters are derived. Simulation results justify the significance and accuracy of the analytical expressions presented.     

Raised Cosine-Like Companding Scheme for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction of SCFDMA Signals

The 3rd generation partnership project long term evolution standard uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access in downlink and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SCFDMA) scheme for the uplink transmissions, which utilizes single carrier modulation and frequency domain equalization. In this paper, we proposed a Raised Cosine-like companding scheme to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of SCFDMA signals. The proposed scheme can transform the original SCFDMA signals into Raised Cosine-like-distributed. Moreover, this scheme can compress the large signals, while maintaining the average power constant. Computer simulation results show that the proposed companding scheme can offer better PAPR reduction by properly choosing the parameters.     

新的低复杂度降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的压缩扩张技术

本文提出了一种新的降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的压缩扩张技术.文中通过与传统压缩扩张技术的对比,详细介绍了新压缩扩张技术的方法和计算复杂度、并从统计角度分析了对峰均功率比及其用于OFDM系统时对系统误比特率的改善等方面的性能.数值仿真说明,与传统压缩扩张技术相比较,新压缩扩张技术不仅具有更低的计算复杂度,而且可以获得更为高效的性能增益.     

OFDM系统中基于非均匀量化的PAPR抑制方法

对利用非均匀量化技术来降低OFDM系统的PAPR值的方法进行了理论分析,并且将这一方法与实际的无线局域网IEEE802.11a系统进行了仿真。提出了在保证系统性能指标的前提下通过确定非均匀量化最优参数来最大程度降低PAPR值的方法。     

降低正交频分复用系统峰均功率比的部分压扩算法

针对现有压扩变换法系统性能差的缺点,提出了一种降低系统峰均功率比的部分压扩算法。该方法根据正交频分复用(OFDM)系统信号幅度服从瑞利分布的统计特性,仅压缩大幅度信号保持了系统信号幅度的分布特征,弥补了现有压扩变换的不足,且具有带外功率小的优点。在M阶调制方式下的系统仿真结果表明,部分压扩方法与选择性映射和部分传输序列等方法相比,可获得相近的峰均功率比压缩效果并且在同样的系统误码率条件下比指数压扩法获得约log2(M)dB信噪比增益。     

降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的压扩方法研究

本文通过理论推导和分析,确定了基于误差函数降低正交频分复用(OFDM)系统峰均功率比的非线性压扩方法中两个关键参数的取值,修正了以前的结果,并在此基础上提出了一种新的压扩函数来降低OFDM系统的峰均功率比.理论分析和仿真结果表明,新的压扩方法能够在保持原信号平均功率不变的情况下使峰均功率比降低到7.8dB以下,并且系统具有较好的误比特率性能.     

On the Nonlinear Companding Transform for Reduction in PAPR of MCM Signals

In this paper, we provide the design criteria of the nonlinear companding transforms for reduction in peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of multi-carrier modulation (MCM) signals, which can enable the original MCM signals to be transformed into the desirable distribution. As examples, some novel nonlinear companding transforms have been proposed to transform the amplitude or power of the original MCM signals into uniform distribution, which can effectively reduce the PAPR for different modulation formats and subcarrier sizes without any complexity increase and bandwidth expansion. It has been shown by computer simulations that the proposed schemes can significantly improve the performance of MCM systems including bit-error-rate and PAPR reduction.     

An Overview: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques for OFDM Signals

One of the challenging issues for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is its high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). In this paper, we review and analysis different OFDM PAPR reduction techniques, based on computational complexity, bandwidth expansion, spectral spillage and performance. We also discuss some methods of PAPR reduction for multiuser OFDM broadband communication systems.     

低复杂度OFDM信号峰均功率比压缩技术

本文提出了一种用于减小OFDM信号峰均功率比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio,PAPR)的压缩扩张变换技术.该技术能够以相对较低的计算复杂度大大降低OFDM信号的PAPR.作为应用实例,本文分析了线性压缩扩张、非线性对称压缩扩张和非线性准对称压缩扩张的PAPR改善幅度、计算复杂度、及其用于OFDM系统时对系统误比特率(BER)的改善等方面的性能.实验仿真表明,与采用传统的限幅滤波方法相比,本文提出的技术可以获得较明显的性能增益.     

一种基于压扩变换降低OFDM系统峰均比的方法

对一种用于减小OFDM信号峰均比的压缩扩展技术进行了分析,该技术能够以相对较小的计算复杂度大大降低OFDM信号的PAPR。作者采用μ率压扩算法,其中的压扩拐点值取为均值而不是传统方法中的峰值。计算机仿真表明这种方法能大大降低OFDM信号的PAPR,并且与PTS技术相比这种方法更有效,计算复杂度也比PTS技术低。     

基于载波干涉和压扩技术的OFDM系统PAPR降低算法

提出一种新的基于联合使用载波干涉技术和μ-law压缩扩张技术的正交频分复用(OFDM)系统峰均比(PAPR)降低算法.该方案通过载波干涉扩展在一定程度上降低了系统的峰均比,并获得了较大的频率分集增益.此外,更为显著的峰均比降低在压缩扩张单元获得.仿真结果表明,通过合理选取压扩参数,该方案以较低的计算复杂度有效地降低了OFDM系统的峰均比,同时获得可靠的系统误码率性能.     

一种降低OFDM系统PAPR的改进压扩方法

正交频分复用（OFDM）技术是一种多载波调制方式。作为第四代移动通信系统的核心技术,OFDM己成为当今高速无线通信领域的研究热点。正交频分复用（OFDM）系统存在高峰值平均功率比（PAPR）问题,这一问题会导致系统性能降低,为其实用化设置了障碍。文中研究了一种改进的降低PAPR的非线性压缩与扩展算法,可以得到更好的PAPR性能。该方法的特点在于采用一种计算复杂度较低的非线性压扩函数,同时融合了叠加训练序列方法的改进非线性压扩算法,从而有效地降低系统PAPR。理论研究和仿真结果表明,与传统方法相比,所提出的改进压缩与扩展方法可以在降低系统复杂度的同时得到更好的PAPR性能。     

过采样OFDM信号峰均功率比统计特性分析

对连续正交频分复用信号所构成的随机过程进行分析,得到任意时刻之间信号相关性的解析表达式,并将其推广到任意过采样率情况下进行了讨论。随着过采样率增加,采样点之间相关性迅速上升,新增加采样点对信号峰值平均功率比的影响下降。分析和仿真结果表明,在过采样率为Nyquist采样率的2倍时,采样点之间可以近似满足相互独立同分布的关系,并得到此时信号峰值平均功率比概率分布的理论表达式。     

适于硬件实现的降OFDM峰均比的分段压扩法

降低信号的峰均功率比(PAPR)是正交频分复用(OFDM)技术的一个关键问题。μ律压扩法作为降低PAPR的一个重要方法,其非线性的特点难于在硬件上实现。在传统的μ律压扩方法基础上,介绍了一种分段线性压扩方法,并对其效果进行仿真评估,并提出一种新的硬件实现方法,在降低复杂度上有良好的效果。     

用选择性映射法减小OFDM信号的峰均比及其改进方法

在研究用选择性映射降法降低OFDM系统峰均功率比的基础上,提出了用m序列对SLM方法进行改进.仿真结果表明:改进方法能使系统的峰均功率比大大降低;而且由于m序列的特性,改进方法的SLM-OFDM系统的复杂度避免了大量的IFFT运算,降低了系统实现复杂度.     

Frame-Based Approach for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM

A new method for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing is proposed. The new method, called erasure pattern selection (EPS), is based on the use of frame expansion for adding redundancy to the data. Part of the redundancy is removed by examining several patterns for erasing subcarriers and selecting the pattern that produces the lowest PAPR for transmission. The residual redundancy in the data is exploited at the receiver to aid both the reconstruction of the erased data and correction of errors. The implementation is aided with the incorporation of a projection-onto-convex-sets (POCS) method in EPS in order to select and assign the best values to the unused subcarriers and further reduce the PAPR. Complexity analysis and simulation results show that the POCS-based EPS method outperforms existing probabilistic methods, while requiring lower overall complexity.     

降低OFDM峰均比的压扩变换方法研究

基于压扩变换的OFDM信号PAPR抑制方法具有实现简单、抑制效果明显的优点。对现有压扩变换PAPR抑制方法进行了分析和研究,并在此基础上,提出了一种基于均匀分布的压扩变换方法。该方法能够将任何分布的调制信号均变为均匀分布。仿真结果表明,与现有方法相比,该方法抑制PAPR的效果较为明显,且易于实现,具有较好的实用性。     

基于分数阶Fourier变换减小OFDM系统PAPR的研究

介绍了基于分数阶Fourier变换的OFDM系统,给出了这种系统中经过变换后的信号的表达形式,探讨了该系统在不同的调制方式下（QAM调制和QPSK调制）使用Clipping算法降低系统PAPR的情况,并使用Matlab对不同阶数的CCDF进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,QAM调制下基于分数阶Fourier变换的Clipping算法性能不如基于傅立叶变换的Clipping算法好,而在QPSK调制方式下基于分数阶Fourier变换的OFDM系统PAPR性能比基于傅立叶变换的OFDM系统性能有了显著的提高。     

Minimizing the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of OFDM Signals Using Convex Optimization

The main disadvantage of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is the high time-domain peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) that limits transmitter power efficiency. Assuming no changes in receiver structure, the transmitter can only reduce PAR by distorting the data carriers or by adding power to the free carriers. This paper shows that the OFDM signal with globally minimum PAR, subject to constraints on the allowed constellation error and the free carrier power, can be efficiently computed using convex optimization. Simulation results are presented for the 802.11a/g wireless local-area network standard. The globally minimum PAR, subject to the constellation error constraint, ranges from 0.7 dB for 6-Mbps binary phase-shift keying to 4.1 dB for 54-Mbps 64-QAM. Tradeoff analysis shows that the free carrier power can be drastically reduced by backing off from this globally minimum PAR by less than 1 dB. A customized interior-point method (IPM) is derived for solving the OFDM optimization problem. The IPM reaches the desired tradeoff between PAR and free carrier power within two iterations, where the main computational complexity per iteration is four fast Fourier transforms plus the solution of a linear system of equations. The customized IPM is about 100 times faster than a general-purpose optimization algorithm.     

基于分组格雷编码的OFDM 雷达通信一体化系统峰均功率比抑制

基于OFDM 共享信号的雷达通信一体化系统具有较高的峰均功率比,由于编码率的限制,采用格雷序列编码抑制系统峰均功率比(PAPR)的算法只适合应用于子载波数较少的场合。针对子载波数较多的系统,该文提出一种利用分组并行格雷编码结合系数加权优化的PAPR 抑制算法,通过将输入比特流分为若干组并行比特,分别进行格雷序列编码、数据符号调制以及逆傅里叶变换,将结果合并就可以得到一个OFDM 符号。在合并之前对每一组引入若干加权系数,这样就构成了多个可供选择的OFDM 符号,通过选择具有最小PAPR 值的OFDM 符号作为发射信号,实现系统PAPR 抑制。最后,仿真了3 种不同分组方案下PAPR 抑制能力、通信误码率以及雷达宽带模糊函数,仿真结果表明,该算法可有效抑制系统PAPR,降低系统误码率,其雷达宽带模糊函数仍为近似图钉型,具有良好的距离和速度分辨能力以及测距、测速精度。