财务困境上市公司资本结构选择研究

对比分析财务困境企业和非财务困境企业资本结构影响因素及调整过程的差异,研究财务困境企业合理选择资本结构的问题。研究发现,财务困境企业高负债率的形成与第一大股东的持股比例和股权集中度都有显著的相关关系,但从企业资本结构的调整过程来看,控股股东持股比例对企业资本结构的调整作用不大。因此,不能仅从公司治理的角度解决企业的财务困境问题,还要从资本结构优化的角度选择融资方式。     

Development of track condition assessment model based on visual inspection

Inspection and evaluation of railway track conditions are usually accomplished by analysis of geometric data obtained from track recording cars. Although most geometric deviations can be recorded by these cars, track structural defects cannot be identified during automated inspections and the causes of track problems cannot be fully recognised. This limitation makes the efficiency of current maintenance approaches questionable. This research proposes a new method of track evaluation based on the observation of track structural defects. Dominant observable structural distresses were studied and a methodology was proposed to translate structural problems into a meaningful numerical rating. The contribution of a track structural defect to track quality was investigated and a track structural quality index model was developed. This index is a function of the severity and density of distress types. To examine the practicability and applicability of the new index, a practical use of the model is presented.     

Matrix organizational structure,culture and commitment: a Hong Kong public sector case study of change

This paper reports on the impact of organizational change on a government department in Hong Kong. It focuses on the perceptions of professional personnel of the organizational culture developed in the depart4 ment and its mismatch with their expectations. The commitment of the professionals to their organization was measured, and found to be limited solely to a level of continuance commitment. The results of the study are discussed and explained in part by reference to Hofstede's cultural concepts of power distance and individualism, and by reference to traditional Chinese cultural values.     

应用离心模型试验分析涵洞病害机理

利用离心模型试验,通过模拟实际依托工程的地基形式、回填材料、沟坡地形以及施工工艺,分析了涵洞发生病害的全过程,利用图片测量软件再现了土体、涵洞结构体、地基相互作用的过程,阐述了涵洞纵向不均匀沉降所产生的“扁担效应”对涵洞结构破坏的机理,根据实录影像描述了涵洞模型裂缝的发展形式,并与实际病害工程对比。     

Rethinking organizational design for managing multiple projects

This paper aims at positioning organizational design as an important phenomenon in the field of project management with a high potential of contributing to organizational theory. While organizational design has been neglected by scholars of management and organizational theory, it has been of great interest to those from the project management field. This incongruence—comprising the focus of this study—calls for new insights on theorization in context. The paper provides a preliminary theoretical framework combining contingency theory, the historical approach and social theory to understand organizational design, both as a thing and as a process. It provides empirical evidence from three case studies in healthcare. Findings confirm the specificity of each design while at the same time adopting a similar temporal pattern. We take this opportunity to highlight the seminal work of Rodney Turner on project-based organization and design.

医疗科技的进步，医院的可变性和健康的环境

本文是Eb.H.蔡德勒为《世界建筑》撰写的一篇专文，作者用流利的语言表达了他在多年的医疗建筑创作中的体会，感想和看法。在他的医院设计中表达了对医护人员，病人和来访者的同等的关怀。他认为，世界本身和医疗技术在持续变化。这种变化我们甚至难以预料。我们的建筑必须具有适应这种变化的可变性。一个有益于情感健康的医疗环境才能满足人们的精神需要并直接影响医疗的效果。     

浅谈灰空间与人的心理

通过对灰空间这一概念的挖掘,分析了空间与人的心理感受、心理需求间的相互作用力,进一步理解了灰空间的理论及其在建筑设计、空间营造等方面的应用。     

An investigation into the merits of encouraging conflict in the construction industry

Considerable energy is being directed towards an indiscriminate policy of conflict reduction in the construction industry but the problem of construction conflict may be in its management rather than in its incidence. Conflict reduction is a response to the industry's inability to manage conflict constructively, and it may be more productive to focus upon building skills in this area as a basis for encouraging conflict. This paper explores the merits of this idea. It does so by discussing the results of a survey which used two psychometric tests to investigate whether the industry has an attitudinal and socio-structural base which is receptive to such efforts.     

The unlearning dimension of organizational learning in construction projects

It has been suggested that contracting organizations in construction projects do not seem to adapt resiliently under changing market conditions. Interestingly, recent organizational management literature reveals the essential role of practicing unlearning for generating more resilient performance improvement actions. This paper reports on a study that aims to test empirically the contingent effect of unlearning on the relationship between organizational learning (OL) and organizational success. A conceptual model which depicts the hypothesized relationship among OL, unlearning and organizational success is presented. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey. To test the conceptual model, Pearson Correlation Analysis and Multiple Moderated Regression Analysis were employed. The study hypothesized that interaction between the practice of OL and unlearning have a moderating effect on organizational success. The hypothesis was only partially supported by the results of the MMR analysis. Only the practice of double-loop learning was found to be symbiotic with the practice of unlearning for achieving organizational success. The effect was found to be more significant when organizational success was evaluated in terms of meeting the client's expectations on project cost.     

Well-Being index of super tall residential buildings in Korea

Super tall residential buildings (STRBs) are regarded as good quality housing in Korea because of their high economic value as well as convenient facilities. However, the buildings still have many issues in terms of residents’ health and well-being because many people are worried that high-rise living may cause harmful effects on the residents. This study aims to establish a well-being index model that can be applied to the evaluation of STRB. This study has three stages. First, previous studies on the well-being of STRB residents have been thoroughly reviewed. Second, well-being indices have been derived from the expert surveys and factor analysis. Third, an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) survey has been conducted to systemize all of the well-being indices. The purpose of the findings of the study is to systemize the residential quality factors of STRB into a well-being index: health, ecological environment, safety and security, and function and management. The well-being indices, which have been driven from an AHP weighting process, of STRB residents indicate that health is the most important index, followed by safety and security, ecological environment, and function and management in that order.     

The utopia of order versus chaos: A conceptual framework for governance,organizational design and governmentality in projects

Images of utopia of order and chaos can serve to depict paradoxes observed in projects by illustrating the ongoing challenges presented by formal organization and informal social structure at the interface of temporary/permanent organizing. This paper develops a conceptual framework that shows that governance, organizational design and governmentality are all essential to an understanding of projects. We seek to clarify these concepts and to consider temporalities in the organizational project management context. This implies examining temporary/permanent organizing interaction at macro-meso-micro levels and challenging the traditional categorization of the formal and the informal aspects into two different and isolated streams of research. The paper offers a theoretical contribution to project studies by creating a bridge between process theory, the sensemaking perspective and the study of organizational project management. It also contributes to practice through the framework's analytical potential and improved understanding of the relationship between governance and organizational design.     

Contemplative neuroaesthetics and architecture: A sensorimotor exploration

This paper takes initial steps towards developing a theoretical framework of contemplative neuroaesthetics through sensorimotor dynamics. We first argue that this new area has been largely omitted from the contemporary research agenda in neuroaesthetics and thus remains a domain of untapped potential. We seek to define this domain to foster a clear and focused investigation of the capacity of the arts and architecture to induce phenomenological states of a contemplative kind. By proposing a sensorimotor account of the experience of architecture, we operationalize how being attuned to architecture can lead to contemplative states. In contrasting the externally-induced methods with internally-induced methods for eliciting a contemplative state of mind, we argue that architecture may spontaneously and effortlessly lead to such states as certain built features naturally resonate with our sensorimotor system. We suggest that becoming sensible of the resonance and attunement process between internal and external states is what creates an occasion for an externallyinduced contemplative state. Finally, we review neuroscientific studies of architecture, elaborate on the brain regions involved in such aesthetic contemplative responses, provide architectural examples, and point at the contributions that this new area of inquiry may have in fields such as the evidence-based design movement in architecture.     

The effect of experience on contractors' competitiveness in recurrent bidding

This paper considers the relationship between bidding competitiveness, organizational learning and experience and it measures the effect of contractors' bidding experience on competitiveness in recurrent bidding, a notion that conceptualizes a continuous decision-making process in which experiential learning plays a key role. The data analysis demonstrates that contractors who bid more frequently over a six-year period are more competitive than contractors who bid occasionally. It is found that greater bidding competitiveness is positively correlated with the frequency of bidding attempts. An analysis of contractors' bidding performance on a pairwise basis supports this finding. Not only does the pairwise analysis show that the bidding competitiveness of experienced contractors who bid frequently is greater, but also that experienced contractors' bidding attempts fall within a relatively small competitiveness range when compared with that of contractors who only bid occasionally. A key finding of this paper is the existence of some experienced contractors, who may be perceived as being ‘experienced market players’, having the attribute of a more competitive and consistent bidding performance. This research should be useful to procurers looking to prequalify contractors on the basis of experience and to contractors in analysing their bidding performance and/or their competitors' bidding performance.     

Project management,governance, and the normalization of deviance

The term “normalization of deviance” was coined by sociologist Diane Vaughan (1996) based on her study of the culture of NASA prior to the Challenger disaster. This concept continues to reverberate within organizational settings, as companies grapple with employee behaviors that are often counter-productive to achieving organizational ends but are often so hidden or “normal” that organizational actors are either unaware of them or assume that this behavior is a natural part of the project management process. Using results from interviews with 21 project managers, we will consider how normalization of deviance affects project management practices in the areas of: 1) project proposals and strategic misrepresentation, 2) client/contractor relationships, and 3) planning and scheduling dynamics. Finally, the paper examines the role of organizational learning and corporate governance in identifying and subsequently, minimizing the negative impact of normalization of deviance behaviors on project-based work.