Home ownership,mortgages and psychological distress

Although many studies have established that owning a home is associated with a variety of health benefits (lower mortality and morbidity rates), important gaps in our understanding of the relationship between housing tenure and health remain. In particular, previous research has tended to rely upon single, binary measures of housing tenure (home owners versus renters). These broad categories do not capture the heterogeneity that exists within housing tenure classifications. This paper uses an expanded measure to differentiate home owners with mortgages, from those who do not have mortgages and from those who live in rental accommodation. The results reveal a gradient in housing tenure and psychological distress; individuals in rental situations report the highest levels of distress, home owners without mortgages the lowest levels. Moreover, housing tenure modifies the impact of stress on distress in these data. The findings are interpreted in the context of changes to housing policy in Canada, and the economic climate during the period in which these data were collected. Future research directions are discussed.     

Social capital in project-based organizations: Its role, structure, and impact on project performance

The aim of this study is to provide evidence about the role of social capital within project-based organizations. Our assumption is that the social capital of project units increases knowledge integration, producing in turn high levels of performance at the project level. We collected primary data via sociometric questionnaires on 54 projects in the construction field. The analysis has been conducted to study the distinctive structural configuration of projects' social capital, among which we emphasize the role of network cohesion and network range. Our results provide evidence that levels of project performance are significantly associated with the particular structure of projects' social capital.     

财务困境上市公司资本结构选择研究

对比分析财务困境企业和非财务困境企业资本结构影响因素及调整过程的差异,研究财务困境企业合理选择资本结构的问题。研究发现,财务困境企业高负债率的形成与第一大股东的持股比例和股权集中度都有显著的相关关系,但从企业资本结构的调整过程来看,控股股东持股比例对企业资本结构的调整作用不大。因此,不能仅从公司治理的角度解决企业的财务困境问题,还要从资本结构优化的角度选择融资方式。     

The policy of attraction. Comparing three cities on their policy toward international and nongovernmental organizations: The Hague,Geneva and Vienna

The Hague, Geneva and Vienna are three cities that historically grew into global centers, specialized in human rights, nonproliferation, security, and peace and justice-related topics. The aim of this paper is to compare the policy of these cities on international organizations (IOs) and international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs). These cities experience increased competition from other international cities hosting IOs and INGOs due to globalization. Therefore, the need exists to reformulate strategies in attracting and retaining IOs and INGOs. Through an intensive comparative method, this paper seeks to describe the parallels and differences between these three cities, concerning their strategies. Furthermore, it describes the current need to make use of well-coordinated lobbying strategies, policy networks and thematic policy coalitions in order to gain and retain IOs and INGOs in a successful way.     

The utopia of order versus chaos: A conceptual framework for governance,organizational design and governmentality in projects

Images of utopia of order and chaos can serve to depict paradoxes observed in projects by illustrating the ongoing challenges presented by formal organization and informal social structure at the interface of temporary/permanent organizing. This paper develops a conceptual framework that shows that governance, organizational design and governmentality are all essential to an understanding of projects. We seek to clarify these concepts and to consider temporalities in the organizational project management context. This implies examining temporary/permanent organizing interaction at macro-meso-micro levels and challenging the traditional categorization of the formal and the informal aspects into two different and isolated streams of research. The paper offers a theoretical contribution to project studies by creating a bridge between process theory, the sensemaking perspective and the study of organizational project management. It also contributes to practice through the framework's analytical potential and improved understanding of the relationship between governance and organizational design.     

Performers, trackers, lemmings and the lost: Sustained false optimism in forecasting project outcomes — Evidence from a quasi-experiment

The consistently successful delivery of projects remains an ambition that many organisations do not achieve. Whilst the reasons behind project failure are many, one recognised factor is the ‘planning fallacy’ – over-optimism in the planning phase of a project. Whilst the planning phase of a project may be a battle for acceptance and resource allocation, the execution phase is a battle for delivery. Based on both qualitative and quantitative data gathered from a project management simulation, this study set out to establish whether optimism bias persists beyond the planning phase and into the execution phase, and, if so, to explore the reasons why. The results confirm the extent and impact of optimism bias in initial project planning. More importantly, the contribution of this study is to demonstrate on-going or sustained false optimism.     

The role of inertia in explanations of project performance: A framework and evidence from project-based organizations

The paper argues that inertia governs the search for explanations of project performance in ways that potentially could impair the quality of feedback obtained about past performance, and thus jeopardise ongoing strategy-making. Based on a critique of relevant literature, the paper presents a novel three-stage framework for analysing connections among inertia and the search for explanations of performance in project-based organizations. This framework helps to show the significance of inertia for the adoption of alternative routes for such search. The framework is illustrated using case study vignettes. These are based on in-depth interviews with senior project management practitioners at two global organizations, about the explanation of project performance (i.e. the attainment or failure to achieve related objectives). Conjectures based on the framework and the vignettes are presented to stimulate further research on how organizations search for explanations of project performance, and on the implications of inertia for organizational and project level learning and strategy.     

The City as a Project: Types,Typical Objects and Typologies

Marina Lathouri provides a critical overview of the historiography of typology, tracing the word ‘type’ back to its 18th-century origins and through to its re-emergence as a standardised objet-type in the Modernist era. She closes by questioning the pertinence of type and typology today.     

The Toshka Project: Colossal Water Infrastructures,Biopolitics and Territory in Egypt

Incorporating the world's largest ever pumping station, the Toshka Project sets out to make a vast area of Egypt's Western Desert suitable for agriculture, industry and habitation, both assisting national food security and relieving pressure on cities to accommodate a growing population. Architect and urban designer Charlotte Malterre-Barthes evaluates the project and sets it in the context of a long line of ambitious territorial transformation and irrigation schemes centred around the Nile.     

燃气冷热电三联供项目前期论证评估体系的建立

对燃气冷热电三联供项目进行前期论证是非常重要的.本文根据国家政策和三联供项目应用情况,采用模糊综合评估法,构建了项目前期论证评估体系;可辅助决策者从战略高度评价燃气冷热电三联供项目的可行性、选择项目的启动时机.     

燃气冷热电三联供项日前期论证评估体系的建立

对燃气冷热电三联供项目进行前期论证是非常重要的。本文根据国家政策和三联供项目应用情况,采用模糊综合评估法,构建了项目前期论证评估体系;可辅助决策者从战略高度评价燃气冷热电三联供项目的可行性、选择项目的启动时机。     

物流服务、全球化制造业及城市结构的变化——新加坡案例

制造业生产过程的日益全球化 ,要求更高度的协作和更周密的物流服务。物流业应运而生 ,成为全球化经济活动中的一个重要环节。在新加坡 ,为制造业提供全套物流服务的物流园区已经出现 ,它们可按照各个客户的不同要求来组织货运 ,管理库存。新加坡向来是传统的国际贸易货物集散中心 ,现在 ,当跨国企业纷纷选择新加坡作为其区域中心 ,本地公司也积极向区域投资创业之际 ,这个城市国家成功地改造了它的制造业 ,使其在全球化经济活动中获得了新的生命力。而物流园区的出现 ,改变了企业的空间利用 ,促进了企业内部结构的变化 ,为新加坡制造业的成功改造创造了条件。同时 ,物流园区的存在也有助于工业用地的密集使用和制造业的集团化 ,从而决定性地改变了新加坡的工业地景     

基于现代木结构技术的乡镇民居设计探讨——以宜兴市张渚镇茶亭村示范农房建设为例

现代木结构技术在我国乡镇民居建设中有广阔的应用前景。文章解析了现代木结构的基本概念与特点,比较了现代木结构与传统木结构的异同,提出二者的融合有利于我国乡镇人居环境的改善及建筑风貌的提升。以此为基础,通过一次项目实践的梳理,分析了现代木结构技术介入乡镇民居建设的设计流程,以及建筑方案设计、构件设计、专业协同等方面的设计要点,即模数化、精确化、一体化。以期为当下建设具有中国传统特色乡镇民居提供多一种思路,促进中国乡镇建设多元化发展。     

Heterogeneous development of metropolitan spatial structure: Evidence from commuting patterns in English and Welsh city-regions, 1981-2001

In the contemporary literature on urban systems, it is often suggested that the conceptualization of urban systems as monocentric spatial entities has become increasingly problematic. However, by analyzing employment and commuting patterns in English and Welsh city-regions between 1981 and 2001, it can be shown that not all city-regions are experiencing a shift toward a polycentric spatial structure. Although most city-regions in Southeast England and the Midlands are becoming more polycentric, the spatial structures of many city-regions in the North have not shown significant change. In fact, some are becoming more monocentric. In addition, polycentricity takes different forms, which indicates that the development of metropolitan spatial structure can be characterized as a heterogeneous spatial process.     

指向生态的设计观——《设计、生态、道德和制造》的启示

本文通过对建筑师McDonough《设计、生态、道德和制造》一文的阅读,对站在生态角度提出的设计观念进行了分析,对后工业社会建筑师的责任进行了反思.     

Asian dust event observed in Seoul, Korea, during 29-31 May 2008: Analysis of transport and vertical distribution of dust particles from lidar and surface measurements

In this study, we investigate the transport of dust particles, its vertical distribution, and the associated meteorological conditions during an Asian dust event that was observed in Seoul, Korea on May 29-31, 2008. This study analyzes data from ground-based and space-borne 2-wavelength polarization lidars, particulate mass concentrations, and synoptic weather data. Surface meteorological station observations of dust phenomena, dust transport model, and weather maps consistently show that the dust particles were transported from the source regions (Inner Mongolia, Man-Ju, and Ordos areas) to Korea via the northeastern part of China. Network observations of the PM₁₀ concentrations in Korea revealed that a majority of the heavy dust particles traveled across South Korea from the northwest to the southeast direction with a horizontal scale of 250-300 km and a traveling speed of approximately 40 km h^− 1. This extraordinary dust event, in terms of its intensity and timing during the year, occurred due to the blockage of an unusually intensified low-pressure system in the northeastern part of China as well as high-pressure system centered over the Sea of Okhotsk and the Kuril Islands. The low values of the particle depolarization ratio (δ₅₃₂) (≤0.05) and color ratio (CR) during the pre-dust period indicate the presence of spherical, non-dust, and relatively small particles. The mean δ₅₃₂ value was approximately 0.123 ± 0.069 between altitudes of ground ~ 2.8 km, and 0.161 ± 0.049 for near-surface dust layer (ground ~ 1.2 km). This value is quite similar to that obtained during the 3-year SNU-Lidar measurements in Seoul (δ₅₃₂ ~0.136 ± 0.027). The value of δ₅₃₂ during the 2nd multilayered dust episode ranged between 0.081 and 0.120 for near-surface dust layers, and between 0.076 and 0.114 for elevated dust layers. The CALIPSO measurements of β₅₃₂, δ₅₃₂, and CR also revealed the presence of dense dust aerosols along the transport route.     

乡土营造中“低技术”的概念、内涵及系统——福建邵武金坑古村保护实践中的启发和思考

"低技术"运用本土的自然条件以及人文习俗,采用乡土营造工艺以及经验智慧,形成简洁高效的技术手段,是遗产保护中的重要策略和有效模式。本文以福建邵武金坑村为例证,从"低技术"视角来探讨古村落及乡土建筑相关的布局方式、建造系统和营造细节,探究低技术系统在乡土遗产保护实践中的应用方式,从宏观理念上的分析到微观具体"一技一艺"考察,归纳为整体的系统框架,借此阐明"低技术"的内涵和特色,及其在乡土建筑实践中的重要意义。     

文化资本视角下历史街区再生理念、框架和策略 ——以日本高山城下町和南京小西湖历史街区为实证

历史街区拥有保护和发展的双重要义, 历史街区再生需要平衡好利用好城市中的文化 力、经济力和社会力,在人文价值、当代需求和 持续发展之间找到可操作的秩序路径。基于 此,论文回归历史街区活态遗产的人文社会属 性,从“作为城市文化资本的历史街区”切入研 究,重点围绕街区遗产资源的价值潜力,架构了 历史街区再生解释框架,并在此框架下结合对日 本高山和南京小西湖两个历史街区再生案例的 审视分析,探讨了文化资本增量积累下的历史街 区再生策略。研究明晰了建成遗产作为可持续再 生驱动力的价值作用,为本土实践提供了新的思 想和方法借鉴。     

The role of sustainable energy utility,natural resource utilization and waste management in reducing energy poverty: Evidence from South Asian countries

Energy poverty is still viewed as a central global challenge which is risking billions of lives belonging to all economies, particularly, developing and under developing economies. It is subjected that more than 1 billion people are still struggling to have access to electricity and around 2.7 billion burns non-renewable resources to make their daily meals ready. The encourages academia to explore the plausible solutions to alleviate energy poverty. In this regard, the present study attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of sustainable energy and utility, natural resource utilization and waste management on energy poverty reduction. The study chose South Asian economies as a sample study and assessed the data from 2011 to 2020. By utilizing MMQR, the obtained results expose that RE output and consumption, natural resource utilization, waste management, inflation, and industrialization are helpful in reducing energy poverty due to their positive linkage. Under the evidence, the study is able to offer empirical baseline for future researchers to address the similar problem in other set of countries.     

形象源于理念上海南站的"大交通、大空间、大绿化"设计理念

上海南站作为21世纪上海市陆上交通枢纽,在设计上体现了"以人为本、以流为主、环境优美"的指导思想,凸现了"大交通、大空间、大绿化"的设计理念,在枢纽的流线组织、建筑形象、环境设计以及新材料新技术的创新和运用上做了积极的尝试,而其中最为突出的是流线的全新组织、大空间概念的运用以及建筑与环境的统一.文章以主站屋的空间组织为主,介绍上海南站的设计理念.