Microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrB2–Nb composite

The high relative density of the ZrB₂-based composite toughened by 25 vol.%Nb (ZN) was hot-pressed at reduced temperatures with low pressure of 30 MPa. Compared with the toughness of 2.3–3.5 MPa m^1/2 and strength of 350 MPa of the monolithic ZrB₂, the toughness and strength of the ZN composite were improved to 6.7 MPa m^1/2 and 773 MPa, respectively, due to the addition of ductile Nb. The toughening mechanisms are crack deflection and branching as well as stress relaxation near the crack tip. Furthermore, the densification mechanism was analyzed and discussed. The results here pointed to a potential method for improving fracture toughness and strength of ZrB₂-based ceramics.     

Effect of SiC particle addition on microstructure of Mg2Si/Al composite

In the present study, by adding SiC particles into Al-Si-Mg melt, Mg2Si and SiC particles hybrid reinforced Al matrix composites were fabricated through the Mg2Si in situ synthesis in melt combined with the SiC ex situ stir casting. The as-cast microstructure containing primary Mg2Si and SiC particles that distribute homogenously in Al matrix was successfully achieved. The effects of SiC particle addition on the microstructure of Mg2Si/Al composites were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and XRD. The results show that, with increasing the fraction of the SiC particles from 5wt.% to 10wt.%, the morphologies of the primary Mg2Si particulates in the prepared samples remain polygonal, but the size of the primary phase decreases slightly. However, when the SiC particle addition reaches 15wt.%, the morphologies of the primary Mg2Si particulates change partially from polygonal to quadrangular with a decrease in size from 50 μm to 30 μm. The size of primary Al dendrites decreases with increasing fraction of the SiC particles from 0wt.% to 15wt.%. The morphology of the eutectic Mg2Si phase changes from a fi ber-form to a short fi ber-form and/or a dot-like shape with increasing fraction of the SiC particles. Furthermore, no signifi cant change in dendrite arm spacing(DAS) was observed in the presence of SiC particles.     

Preparation of micro-arc oxidation coatings on magnesium alloy and its thermal shock resistance property

1. Introduction Due to their high specific strength, good electro-magnetic shielding characteristics, high damping characteristics, good cast ability, and excellent pol-ishing capability, magnesium alloys are extensively used in aeronautical, automobile, and electro- communication industries [1-3]. But magnesium has some disadvantages, such as low chemical stability, high negative electric potential, and low hardness, so it is necessary to use surface disposal to accommo-date the demand for re…     

Influence of additives on oxidation resistance of binderless C/C composite

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Structure and oxidation resistance of W1–xAlxN composite films

A series of W_1–xAl_xN films (0<x<38.6%, mole fraction) were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. The composition, microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the films were characterized by EPMA, XRD, XPS, nano-indentation, SEM and HRTEM. The effect of Al content on the microstructure and oxidation resistance of W_1–xAl_xN films was investigated. The results show that WN film has a face-centered cubic structure. The preferred orientation changes from (111) to (200). The W_1–xAl_xN films consist of a mixture of face-centered cubic W(Al)N and hexagonal wurtzite structure AlN phases. The hardness of the W_1–xAl_xN films first increases and then decreases with the Al content increasing. The maximum hardness is 36 GPa, which is obtained at 32.4% Al (mole fraction). Compared with WN film, the W_1-xAl_xN composite films show much better oxidation resistance because of the formation of dense Al₂O₃ oxide layer on the surface.     

Effect of SiC whiskers on the oxidation protective properties of SiC coatings for carbon/carbon composites

In order to effectively employ the unique high temperature mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composite substrates, SiC coatings reinforced by SiC whiskers were prepared by pack cementation method. The effect of SiC whiskers on the oxidation resistance properties of the single-layer coating and double-layer coating was investigated. SiC whiskers in the single-layer SiC coating have little effect on the anti-oxidation property but obviously improve the thermal shock property. The double-layer coating with inner-layer reinforced coating exhibits more perfect anti-oxidation ability than the double-layer coating with SiC inner-layer coating.     

Plasma spraying of Al2O3–WO3 composite coatings

Al₂O₃–WO₃ oxide composites are of considerable interest as solid acid catalysts in the petrochemical industry. Typically they consist of a monolayer of WO₃ dispersed over a high surface area alumina support. The aim of this work was to form a single layer Al₂O₃–WO₃ composite coating by plasma spraying. Ammonium metatungstate was dispersed through porous alumina particles and transformed to WO₃ by heat treatment. WO₃ doped powders were plasma sprayed using “low” and “high” enthalpy plasma systems. Plasma spraying led to dramatic changes in the WO₃ oxide to form metallic tungsten, a metastable Al₂O₃–W solid solution and the mixed oxide Al₂(WO₄)₃. The mechanisms accounting for these transformations are discussed.     

等离子喷涂制备ZrB2/SiC/Ta2O5涂层抗烧蚀性能研究

为了提高C/C复合材料的抗烧蚀性能,通过等离子喷涂法在C/C表面制备了SiC/Al₂O₃内层和ZrB₂/SiC/Ta₂O₅外层的双层涂层,通过XRD,SEM和EDS分析了涂层烧蚀前后的物相组成、微观结构和成分分布。烧蚀前涂层表面没有裂纹并且内层与基体、内层与外层之间结合良好。元素Zr、Si、Ta在涂层表面的分布相近,涂层表面成分分布均匀性良好。通过氧乙炔火焰在1800 ℃下对涂层的抗烧蚀性能进行考核。烧蚀过程中形成的镶嵌结构有利于阻挡氧气的渗入,Ta-Si-O玻璃层的形成封填了涂层孔隙,对基体有良好的保护效果,涂层表现出了较好的抗烧蚀性能。     

Effect of α-Al2O3 coatings on the interface of Ni/SiC composites prepared by electrodeposition

This paper describes an investigation on the effect of α-Al₂O₃ coating on the interface between nickel and SiC particle. Uniform, dense and well-adhered α-Al₂O₃ coatings were obtained on the surface of SiC particles by sol–gel technology. The nickel-based composites reinforced with α-Al₂O₃-coated SiC particles (CS_p) or uncoated SiC particles (UCS_p) prepared by composite electrodeposition were heated at 600 °C to study the reactivity and the resulting interfaces. The results showed that the Ni/CS_p composites presented excellent thermal stability without interfacial reaction, while nickel silicide formed in the Ni/UCS_p composites. It indicated that high-temperature interfacial reaction between SiC particles and nickel matrix was efficiently inhibited by the α-Al₂O₃ coatings. Moreover, great differences of the local mechanical properties of interfaces were observed by the nanoindentation characterization.     

Effect of adding methods of metallic phase on microstructure and thermal shock resistance of Ni/（90NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermets

Ball mixing and electroless plating were respectively used as the adding methods of metallic phase to prepare Ni/（90NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermets for the inert anode in aluminum electrolysis. The microstructure and thermal shock resistance of cermet samples were studied. The results show that, for the samples prepared by ball mixing method, aggregation of metallic phase is found in either the green blocks or sintered samples and the extent of aggregation increases with the increase of metal content. For 6.5Ni/（90NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermets prepared with electroless plating method, the homogeneous and fine metallic particles are found in either the green compacts or sintered samples, but the relative density and thermal shock residual strength decrease by 3% and 28%-58% respectively, compared with samples prepared with ball mixing method.     

Effect of fiber distribution on residual thermal stress in titanium matrix composite

Residual thermal stresses (RTS) of SCS-6 SiC/Ti-24Al-11Nb composite were analyzed by using finite element method (FEM). Three models of fiber array in the composite and the effect of fiber distance on the RTS were discussed. In all the three models compressive stress was found in the radial direction and tensile stress in the tangential direction. It is pointed out that, in real composite system, hexagonal fiber geometry is superior because the distribution and the magnitude of the residual stress are similar to those in single fiber model. In square fiber geometry, it is easier to make the matrix crack due to the larger residual tangential stress. RTS becomes very large and changes violently when the fiber distance is less than 15μm or so, therefore too high fiber volume is apt to result in matrix crack.     

Effect of hot-dip aluminizing on the oxidation resistance of Ti–6Al–4V alloy at high temperatures

Hot-dip aluminizing and interdiffusion treatment were used to develop a TiAl₃-rich coating on Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Interrupted oxidation at temperatures from 600 to 900 °C and isothermal oxidation at 700 and 800 °C of the coating were conducted. The coating markedly decreases the oxidation rate in comparison with the alloy at temperatures below 800 °C during the interrupted oxidation. The oxidation kinetics follows parabolic relations at 700 and 800 °C during the isothermal oxidation. A layered structure of Al₂O₃/TiAl₃/TiAl₂/TiAl/alloy from the outside to the inside forms after oxidation at 700 °C without changing the main body of the coating.     

Effect of heat-treatment on microstructure and properties of SiC particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composite

The effects of solid solution and aging processing on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the multi-layer spray co-deposited 7090Al/SiCp composite were investigated. The experimented results show that fine grains and homogeneous microstructures can be obtained, the average grain size of the as-solid solution treated and as-aged composites after extrusion is under 3.0μm. A large amount of the Cu-rich phase particles form in the as-extruded samples, and solve into the matrix after solid solution treatment. After aging, the size of the precipitate phases, mainly MgZn2 and CuAl2 is less than 1.0 μm, which homogeneously distribute inside the grains and at the grain boundaries. The ultimate tensile strength of the composite treated at T6 state, i.e. solid solution treated at 475 ℃for 1 h then aged at 120 ℃ for 24 h, is up to 765 MPa.     

C/SiC/MoSi2–SiC–Si multilayer coating for oxidation protection of carbon/carbon composites

C/SiC/MoSi₂–SiC–Si oxidation protective multilayer coating for carbon/carbon (C/C) composites was prepared by pack cementation and slurry method. The microstructure, element distribution and phase composition of the as-received coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the multilayer coating was composed of MoSi₂, SiC and Si. It could effectively protect C/C composites against oxidation for 200 h with the mass loss of 3.25% at 1873 K in static air. The mass loss of the coated C/C composites results from the volatilization of SiO₂ and the formation of cracks and bubble holes in the coating.     

Improvement of oxidation resistance in graphite for MgO–C refractory through surface modification

Graphite, used as a carbon source in a conventional magnesia–carbon (MgO–C) refractory, was modified with an acid reagent, resulting in a negative charge on the surface of graphite, to enhance the coating efficiency of aluminum (Al) phase, which was compared to the pristine graphite through its dispersibity and oxidation behavior. The graphite particles with and without surface modification were added, respecticely, in an Al(NO₃)₃ suspension used as a coating reagent, and then filtered at room temperature. The modified graphite shows better disperbility than the pristine graphite, indicating that the coating efficiency of Al precursor is enhanced in the modified graphite. With respect to oxidation behavior, the modified graphite without the coating layer is totally reacted with oxygen at heat treatment of 900 °C in air. However, the Al-coated graphite starts to react with oxygen at heat treatment of 900 °C and fully reacted with oxygen at heat treatment of 1000 °C, showing the gray and white colors, respectively. It is verified that the Al layer is individually and uniformly formed on the surface of graphite and the oxidation resistance of graphite is enhanced owing to the increased coating efficiency of Al precursor.     

Hydrogen permeation resistance and characterization of Si–Al and Si–Zr composite sol oxide coating on surface of zirconium hydride

The hydrogen permeation resistance of Si–Zr(SZ) and Si–Al(SA) composite sol oxide coating on zirconium hydride blocks(Zr H_(1.8)) was studied. SZ and SA composite sol were prepared by sol–gel method. SZ and SA composite oxide coatings were prepared on the surface of Zr H_(1.8)(in situ oxidized or not) in turns by dip-coating and heat treatment. Hydrogen permeation of Zr H_(1.8)with and without composite oxide coating was compared.Hydrogen desorption experiments in thermal vacuum show that hydrogen permeation resistance of SA composite oxide coating is better than that of SZ, to a certain extent,which could decrease hydrogen thermal loss. Experimental results in the working condition show that the SA composite oxide coating can not only prevent hydrogen permeation, but also retard contact and reaction between CO_2 and Zr H_(1.8)matrix, which could mitigate excessive oxidation of in situ oxide film. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry(DSC–TG) analysis was performed to investigate the decomposition behavior of SA and SZ liquid sol in heat treatment process. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis were employed to characterize the phase composition,surface and cross-section morphology of the coatings.     

Effect of WC and CeO2 on microstructure and properties of W–Cu electrical contact material

W–Cu alloys with an individual addition of WC and CeO₂ particles were prepared by means of powder metallurgy and infiltration, and the effect of WC and CeO₂ individual addition on microstructure and properties of W–Cu alloys was investigated. The results show that W–Cu alloys with a separate addition of 1.5 wt% WC and 0.5 wt% CeO₂ have desired properties, but an excessive addition decreases hardness and electric conductivity. The vacuum electrical breakdown tests show that the individual addition of WC and CeO₂ results in the enhancement of the breakdown strength and decrease of the chopping current. The microstructual analysis of W–Cu alloys with WC or CeO₂ addition after vacuum electrical breakdown 50 times shows that the vacuum electrical arcs spread on the cathode surface. Meanwhile, W–Cu alloys with WC or CeO₂ addition has a slight splash of molten copper, a less amount of cathode craters, and fine dispersed cathode craters on the entire surface of W–Cu alloys.     

Effect of cold-rolling on tensile strength of SiCw/Al composite

SiCw/Al composite was fabricated through a squeeze cast route and cold rolled to about 30%, 50% and 70% re-duction in thickness, respectively. The length of whiskers in the composite before and after rolling was examined using SEM. Some of the rolled composites were recrystallization annealed to remove the work hardening of matrix alloy. The tensile strength of the rolled and annealed SiCw/Al composites was examined and then associated with the change of the whisker length and the work hardening of matrix alloy. It was found that the tensile strength is a function of the degree of cold rolling. For the cold rolled composites, with the increase in the degree of cold rolling, the tensile strength increases at first, and decreases when the degree of cold rolling exceeds 50%. For the annealed ones, however, the tensile strength de-creases monotonously with the increase in rolling degree. The different changes in tensile strength between the rolled and annealed composites could be attributed to the result of