The difficulty of integrating land trusts in land use planning

We examine land-owning organizations’ choice of strategy for steering spatial development. There are two highly visible strategies to influence land use. The first one, acquisition, is direct; it consists of either gaining outright ownership of the land, or various forms of partial title, including conservation easements. The second one, regulation, is indirect; it relies on the legal instruments of public policy, in particular land use planning, to influence the behavior of landowners. Often linking these two strategies in a coherent way is a challenge. On the one hand, local authorities are empowered by the law to plan for conservation, but they are not well equipped to do so (lack of capacity, expertise, political will). On the other hand, many small conservation NGOs are active at the micro level with little concern for supra-local considerations.Focusing on an important private conservation effort in Southern Quebec, this article seeks to better understand land-owning organizations’ position toward land use planning. It shows how conservation NGOs, which rely on property rights to influence land use, position themselves within the broader regulatory context and attempt to coordinate their action at a regional scale in order to complement their acquisition strategy.     

Land development, land use, and urban sprawl in Puerto Rico integrating remote sensing and population census data

The island of Puerto Rico has both a high population density and a long history of ineffective land use planning. This study integrates geospatial technology and population census data to understand how people use and develop the lands. We define three new regions for Puerto Rico: Urban (16%), Densely Populated Rural (36%), and Sparsely Populated Rural (48%). Eleven percent of the island is composed of urban/built-up surfaces. A large part of these developments occur in both low-density patterns of construction and sparsely populated neighborhoods. Half of the urban development occurs outside of urban centers. This analysis helps differentiate zones in the landscape with different uses and conditions, identifying not only urban and rural settings, but also the interface where development occurs in a territory dominated by forests and pastures, analogous to a wildland urban interface. The ineffective plan of land development has left a high degree of urban sprawl in 40% of island, where cities and towns appear typically surrounded by sprawl. The San Juan Metropolitan Area is one of the most expanded urbanized areas with a population of 2–2.5 million, comparable with the most sprawled cities of the U.S. mainland. This study reinforces the need for an efficient land use planning, and provides information to support research and planning efforts related to land development and conservation. It represents the first approach integrating satellite imagery with population census data for studying the human environment in the Caribbean.     

传统区划与区划改良——浅谈美国城市开发控制机制的核心内容

作者主要作了关于保证土地使用效益最大化和效果最优化的开发控制机制研究,对美国城市开发控制机制的核心内容－区划进行了基础性分析,并重点从传统区划、区划改良几个方面进行介绍。     

关于我国土地利用发展策略的几点思考──对我国人地关系协调发展对策的探讨

人口众多与土地短缺的矛盾，多年来一直困扰着我国的发展。随着21世纪的到来，我国的城市化进程加速，这对矛盾显得更加尖锐。基于这种情况，文章考证了这对矛盾的成因，对21世纪中国人地关系发展的趋势进行了预测，并提出了挖掘我国土地资源潜力、建立土地集约化经营体系、强化土地资源管理等建议，以促进我国人地关系的协调发展。     

“绿地”与“城市绿地系统规划”

“绿地”,在不同语境下有着多重身份,规范条例中“绿地”的定义各有不同,理论探索前沿对“绿地”概念进行了扩展,中英互译中“绿地”概念产生了歧义,甚至行业从业人员个体的主观判断和理解又加重了“绿地”的复杂性。为了从规划角度更清晰地认识“绿地”一词的专业肉容,并为城市绿地系统规划的深入研究提供帮助,从“绿地”概念、绿化与绿地、城乡规划与绿地等几个角度进行辨析,梳理规范条例中对“绿地”一词的解释,并对城市绿地系统规划中的“绿地”的规划范畴和规划定位进行探讨。     

交通与土地利用的协调发展

分析研究了交通发展与城市土地使用协调发展的关系,针对太原市现状,随着城市化进程的深入,在城市发展目标多元化越发明显的趋势下,提出了既能发挥交通设施的最大效益,又能先期引导土地布局的形成发展策略。     

城市边缘区的土地利用问题研究

随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市边缘区面临着城市郊区化和农村城市化的双重压力。城市边缘区的土地利用具有空间分布层次性用地拓展扩散性、土地利用多样性和土地集约化差异性等特点。目前存在缺乏统规划、工业用地比例过高、土地利用低效基础设施落后及城乡分治等问题,应通过统规划、整合土地资源、完善基础设施及加强监管,实现土地的集约利用与可持续发展。     

Monitoring and predicting land use change in Beijing using remote sensing and GIS

Rapid land use change has taken place in many mega cities of China such as Beijing over the past two decades. In this paper, land use change dynamics were investigated by the combined use of satellite remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS). The results indicated that there had been a notable and uneven urban growth and a major loss of cropland loss between 1986 and 2001. Most of the urban growth and loss of agriculture land occurred in inner and outer suburbs. Land use change was projected for the next 20 years using Markov chains and regression analyses. The further integration of remote sensing and GIS technologies with Markov model and regression model was found to be useful for describing, analyzing and predicting the process of land use change.     

Vegetation and land use change in north-eastern Ireland

A survey of the vegetation of south County Antrim, UK, originally carried out in 1982, was repeated in 1992, in order to assess the impact of recent changes in the intensity of agricultural land use. Botanical composition was recorded in 200 randomly placed quadrats (200 m²), of which 157 were on non-arable agricultural land in both sampled years. Land management information relating to these quadrats was collected in 1992.Changes in composition were observed across the range of plant communities sampled, but were greatest in the more species-rich grasslands. Agriculturally preferred competitive species replaced species characteristic of less intensively managed grassland by seed dispersal and plant establishment, rather than by artificial reseeding. Higher elevation (over 200 m) enclosed fields and unenclosed grassland patches in the uplands experienced the greatest net change in composition. Increased grazing intensities, fertiliser usage, the absence of major physical constraints to land use, and recent changes in land ownership were factors associated with agriculturally beneficial changes in botanical composition.     

我国城市交通规划研究展望

畅想未来的城市交通曾在世纪之交一度盛行,改革开发三十周年之际,也面临着同样的命题。笔者有幸参与了研讨未来交通发展的国际交流,得以重新审视全球城市交通研究的主流趋势。结合我国城市交通的特点和转变分析,针对新时期内的我国城市交通规划研究的核心环节和关键内容,提出了一些新的思考和构想。     

Evaluating alternative economic growth rates and land use policies for Flathead County, Montana

Nine alternative futures are simulated for Flathead County, Montana for 2000–2014 and 2000–2024. Alternative futures incorporate high, moderate, and low growth rates, and baseline (current), moderately restrictive, and highly restrictive land use policies. Increases in employment are estimated using the IMPLAN regional economic model and translated into acreage requirements for commercial–institutional–industrial (CI&I) units and six types of housing units. Conversion of developable parcels to CI&I and housing units is based on a multiple-criteria score that measures the suitability of developable parcels for various developed uses. Additional jobs and housing units needed to support those jobs increase substantially, particularly for the moderate and high growth rates. Total acreage required for CI&I and housing units exceeds the acreage available for development for the baseline policy with the moderate and high growth rates, and for the moderately restrictive policy with high growth rates. There are no land shortages with any of the growth rates for the highly restrictive land use policy. Moderate and high growth can be sustained through 2024 in Flathead County by implementing a moderately restrictive land use policy if growth rates are moderate, and a highly restrictive land use policy if the growth rates are high.     

后工业化时期的城市规划一瞥--以日本名古屋为例

通过对日本名古屋城市规划的历史,现状与未来状况的分析,借鉴处于后工业化时期发达国家城市规划的有益经验,以提高我国的城市规划与管理工作质量,促进城市建设跨世纪的持续发展。     

郑州市土地利用与用地布局优化研究

针对郑州市的土地利用现状,分析了土地利用中存在的问题,提出优化用地布局的建议和对策,从而积极有效的缓解郑州市土地资源供需紧张的状况,促进社会经济的快速发展。     

Toward a land zoning negotiation support platform: “Tips and tricks” for participatory land use planning in Laos

Managing complex landscape mosaics in areas dominated by poverty often requires addressing conflicting objectives and managing trade-offs, such as that between maintaining/enhancing ecological functions and improving livelihoods. Laos, like many other developing countries dependent on agriculture and natural resources for the subsistence of a mostly rural population, has used land use planning (LUP) as a core policy instrument to achieve sustainable development. However, previous reviews of LUP implementation showed large discrepancies between policies and practices and between the intended goals and actual outcomes. There is a need for increased participation, improved integration of scales, harmonization of superimposed plans, and enhanced coordination between implementing agencies and other stakeholders. Consequently, former normative approaches to LUP have been gradually replaced (at least on paper) by a new paradigm. Participatory land use planning (PLUP) has recently become a central element of donor-supported programs in developing countries. However, despite the good intentions of PLUP principles, implementation remains entangled with confused practical issues that compromise effective participation. As an alternative to complex, technologically sophisticated LUP models that local stakeholders cannot use or replicate, a communication platform supporting negotiations among multiple stakeholder groups was tested in a village cluster in Luang Prabang Province in northern Laos. This innovative approach, based on a combination of role-playing games, participatory 3D modeling, GIS, and socioeconomic and environmental impact assessment, allows stakeholders to collectively explore the consequences of land use decisions and choose between alternative future landscapes.     

国内外土地利用规划的发展趋势

针对目前世界范围内的土地问题,结合实际状况探讨了国内外土地利用规划的发展趋势,着重阐述了规划理论的复合化趋势、规划内容的综合化趋势以及规划主体的多元化趋势等内容,以期指导未来的土地利用规划工作。     

城市土地经营与南京城市发展

在分析南京城市土地经营政策形成与发展的基础上,比较研究了城市土地经营政策的不同特征及特区国有土地使用权招标、拍卖政策实施的流程。分析了南京市城市土地经营政策实施的成果,并从城市土地经营潜力、经营方向及地价变化态热等三个方面进一步分析了城市土地对于南京城市未来发展的重要意义。     

Landscape scale planning: exploring alternative land use scenarios

Concerns regarding loss of species diversity in the wider countryside have focused attention on the inadequacies of conservation programmes based on site protection alone. Consequently, spatial land use strategies increasingly recognise the need to reinforce landscape features which support biodiversity and visual distinctiveness. Landscape ecology offers a basis for plan production for the wider countryside, though its gradual emergence as a scientific body of knowledge in different places to respond to different pressures has resulted in variations of interpretation and reservations about scientific coherence. This study takes three approaches to landscape ecological planning and applies them to a case study area in Nottinghamshire, UK, to assess their transferability to local conditions. The experimental plans are then subjected to scrutiny by panels of ecologists and planners. Whilst the landscape ecological approach to land use planning raises some problems of implementation, theoretical defensibility and biocentricity, it is generally welcomed as an inter-disciplinary means of responding to issues of rural dynamics.     

城市总体规划中物流园的用地规模问题

随着物流业的蓬勃发展,物流圈地运动也随之兴起,缺乏科学有效方法指导的物流园规划,无法确定合理的物流园用地规模,难以有效控制物流园的用地膨胀.国内外物流园的发展经验表明,城市物流园的用地规模可以通过参数法和类比法两种方法加以确定,即可以通过预测城市物流需求的规模或者根据同类城市进行比较计算得出.     

“经规”、“土规”、“城规”规划整合的理论与方法

中国的发展和国际经验都说明了规划整合是今后城市规划发展的方向.本文对中国规划整合的理念和方法进行分析,首次指出城乡交界处是规划整合的重点地区,"经规"、"土规"、"城规"的整合方法和技术的核心是土地供给分析、土地需求分析、土地空间分配分析.多规整合或融合涉及面广,因而需要借助模型和高级计量工具来科学地规划和决策城市空间发展.     

寻求“刚性”与“弹性”的结合——对城市增长边界的思考

城市增长边界是城市规划编制的重要内容,与城市行政区划之间具有耦合关系,对用地规划具有积极的意义.我国现阶段应积极构建具有较强操作意义的、能够同时体现城市远景规模和城市发展阶段性特征的“刚性”与“弹性”有机结合的城市增长边界,通过切实有效的控制技术和管理政策,保护城市重要的自然资源与开敞空间,促进城市的可持续发展.