La documentation du bâtiment

L'æuvre de Byggdok, l'Institut de Documentation du bâtiment de Stockholm, est décrite par son directeur, dans cet article qui porte sur un sujet souvent négligé.     

A group decision support system for implementing value management methodology in construction briefing

This paper describes a group decision support system (GDSS) developed in response to the need of a computer supported collaborative work environment for implementing the value management (VM) methodology in construction briefing. The GDSS is based on the VM methodology that allows a client to define and represent his or her requirements with functions and functional performance, to bring forward ideas to achieve the functions, and finally to evaluate and highlight the ideas against the functional performance for further development in design. The conceptual framework, design, implementation, use of the GDSS are addressed and described in that order. The system is complementally evaluated through a field study and an experimental study. It is concluded that the GDSS can effectively facilitate the implementation of VM in construction briefing. In addition, the GDSS has big potential to improve the performance of VM studies in terms of the enhanced participation and interaction, the shortened time for tasks, and the improved satisfaction with VM workshops. Research limitations and knowledge contribution of this study are also discussed.     

A regulation evaluation system: a decision support system for the Building Code of Australia

Building regulations have historically been developed and drafted relying on groups of experts and their particular perceptions of what was an acceptable level of risk and what costs can be afforded by the community for improved health, safety or amenity. New technology, particularly in the areas of building design and material sciences, and the development of performance-based standards and codes are demanding major changes to the way in which regulations are developed and how they are assessed to ensure that any changes are in the community's interest. The regulation evaluation system described here provides a computer-based framework on which proposed changes to the Building Code of Australia (BCA) may be systematically assessed. The system requires any proposal to amend the BCA to be clearly identified together with all alternatives which achieve the desired objective. Direct costs and benefits are identified and quantified, making use of internal and external data. Where there is inefficient data, stochastic modelling is employed. The system not only aids decision makers by providing all available information, it also provides a transparency to the decision making and regulation development process.     

A decision support system for super tall building development

Super tall building projects commonly inherit a slow and lengthy decision making process due to financial uncertainties, in spite of large investments. However, current decision‐making practices depend upon detailed cost estimating and scheduling during the design development phase and not rough cost estimating and scheduling during the schematic design phase. Discrepancies between a project budget and program with estimated construction cost and construction period often result in architect and consultants having to perform costly re‐design work. To mitigate these issues, this study proposes a decision support system (DSS) model. An interim design development phase is introduced between the schematic design phase and the design development phase. Design alternative generation, database, cost and schedule estimation modules are developed. The design alternative generation module provides design alternatives that change proportionately in response to increases or decreases in the number of building stories. The database module is established for cost and schedule estimation modules. The cost and schedule estimation modules produce construction costs and construction period for design alternatives. Finally, the proposed DSS is validated through the case study of an ongoing real super tall building. Ultimately, the new DSS can assist project control groups in performing efficient and financially beneficial decision making in terms of construction cost and construction period. This research provides a fundamental step towards the development of the DSS for super tall building projects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A wireless structural monitoring system with embedded damage algorithms and decision support system

A wireless structural monitoring system was designed and built to accommodate multiple sensors and provide alerts through a decision support system. In this paper we describe the main features of the system and present the results of its application to a laboratory test. The test was a quarter scale four-span three-pier bridge subjected to gradually increasing earthquake motion with white noise excitations between the strong motions conducted at the University of Nevada, Reno. Autoregressive (AR) models were used to characterise the signals collected from the test and damage was identified through Gaussian mixture models. Damage was quantified using the Mahalanobis distance between undamaged and various damage states of the bridge. The experiment provided a proof of concept for the wireless system and its multitude of features. The analysis of the data demonstrated that the algorithm is capable of identifying the progression of damage and showed good agreement between the measured and observed damage states.     

Case-based reasoning to support decision making for managing drinking water quality events in distribution systems

In order to better leverage past experience of water quality incidents, and to tap into the unique incident database currently being maintained and required by regulatory authorities, a data mining approach is herein proposed. The quality of drinking water is paramount to protecting public health. However water quality failures do occur, with some of the hardest to understand and manage occurring within distribution systems. In the UK, a regulatory process is applied in which water service providers must report on significant water quality incidents, their causes, actions and outcomes. These reports form a valuable resource that can be explored for improved understanding, to help with future incident management and evaluate potential solutions. Case-based reasoning is a knowledge-based problem-solving technique that relies on the reuse of past experience. The WaterQualityCBR software system presented here was developed as such a decision support tool to more effectively manage water quality in distribution systems.     

A decision support system for the selection of curtain wall systems at the design development stage

In high rise building construction projects, curtain wall is one of the most widely used exterior finishing components and has a major influence on the overall building operational costs and efficiency in terms of CO₂ emissions. The selection of curtain wall systems involves numerous technical, environmental and economic factors, and impacts on all project stages from concept design, through manufacture to installation and operation. The current way this important decision is being made in the business process, and its simplification, are two important issues that are still unexplored in the literature. After investigating the drawbacks of the current business process using a retrospective case study and an industrial survey, a decision support system (DSS), which consists of a process framework and an integrated relational database as a central repository for the main curtain wall systems and their engineering parameters, is proposed as a potential solution. The DSS developed not only enables the resolution of the main issue of the selection of curtain wall systems at the early design development stage but it also helps specifiers identify multiple technical and commercial options that could be presented to clients in real time.     

基于网络协同的建设项目价值管理系统

价值管理(Value Management,VM)是降低建设项目成本和改善项目执行效率和质量的一个重要途径,然而,VM在我国建设领域中还存在应用不足、认识不够、相关法律法规不完善以及成效不显著等问题。由于工作计划不同、技术手段差异以及不支持远程协同等因素的影响,针对香港建设领域开发的交互式价值管理系统(IVMS)难以直接应用于内地。为此,本文在IVMS基础上,提出了适用于我国建设领域VM实践的价值管理系统IVMS-CN。IVMS-CN是一个基于网络协同的群体决策支持系统,它由网络通讯平台、协同平台和管理平台等三部分组成,能够为用户提供一个远程协作环境和群体决策支持平台,实现远程参与VM研究,并促进参与者之间的信息交流和共享,减少过程损失,增加信息增益,从而实现VM研究效率与质量的提高。     

Concept and prototype of a spatial decision support system for integrated water management applied to Ichkeul Basin,Tunisia

In this study, we develop a spatial decision support system (SDSS) for water management in a basin characterised by existing and projected dams to satisfy freshwater demand while preserving a particular ecosystem. The territorial and functional interests along with management scenarios were integrated into consistent stages of the SDSS. The developed prototype allowed comparisons of multiple water allocation options to competing users in the catchment by two aggregation methods. Through a simulation modelling exercise and stakeholder's involvement, the main outputs are the development of water management options and a set of criteria/subcriteria to evaluate these options related to socio‐economic, water availability and ecological factors. Both aggregation methods reveal the positive effect of water transfer on overall evaluations. New dam construction would cause an increase in the overall evaluation from the SDSS by at best 34% when water availability criteria are favoured, while a decrease in overall evaluation by at worst 75% is indicated when ecological criteria are favoured.     

大体积V型墩支撑体系结构的设计与施工

根据工程实例介绍了大体积V型墩支撑体系施工方案选择和支撑体系的设计,并用ANSYS对支撑体系的屈变进行了计算和分析,从实践结果来看,工程施工过程中选择和使用合适的模板支撑结构体系,能保证工程施工作业的顺利开展,满足施工安全要求而且确保工程质量,从而为企业带来经济效益。     

Systematic rehabilitation planning: a new decision support system for targeted morphological river restoration

Working with decision support systems (DSS) in the water management sector often requires well‐grounded knowledge and an expensive data collection. This paper presents a new approach with regard to the identification of adequate hydromorphological measures taking especially the land availability and the local restrictions of the planned stream sections into consideration. It is intended for people with no broad water management background dealing with the planning, realization or permission of measures for water bodies. The essential module is an easy kept questionnaire for the derivation of measures. It leads the user through a logical sequence of questions resulting in target‐aimed measures, visualized by pictograms. This tool is also suitable for documentation purposes.     

A hybrid decision support system for sustainable office building renovation and energy performance improvement

Energy consumption of buildings accounts for around 20-40% of all energy consumed in advanced countries. Over the last decade, more and more global organizations are investing significant resources to create sustainably built environments, emphasizing sustainable building renovation processes to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. This study develops an integrated decision support system to assess existing office building conditions and to recommend an optimal set of sustainable renovation actions, considering trade-offs between renovation cost, improved building quality, and environmental impacts. A hybrid approach that combines A* graph search algorithm with genetic algorithms (GA) is used to analyze all possible renovation actions and their trade-offs to develop the optimal solution. A two-stage system validation is performed to demonstrate the practical application of the hybrid approach: zero-one goal programming (ZOGP) and genetic algorithms are adopted to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. A real-world renovation project is introduced to validate differences in energy performance projected for the renovation solution suggested by the system. The results reveal that the proposed hybrid system is more computationally effective than either ZOGP or GA alone. The system's suggested renovation actions would provide substantial energy performance improvements to the real project if implemented.     

The effect of using group decision support systems in value management studies: An experimental study in Hong Kong

A group decision support system (GDSS) can be helpful to VM users overcome difficulties in value management (VM) workshops. A web-based GDSS known as interactive value management system (IVMS) is introduced in this paper. A comparative experimental study is undertaken to investigate the extent to which the use of IVMS can improve the performance of VM workshops by using a competing value approach (CVA). This study compares and contrasts the performance of a traditional VM workshop with an IVMS-supported VM workshop in three aspects: (1) process measures, (2) outcome measures, and (3) participants’ satisfaction. The process measures indicate that IVMS is helpful in improving the efficiency, information reliability and supportability of decision and participation process, while the outcome measures show groups supported by IVMS perform better in ideas generations. The results also indicate that the use of GDSS results in increasing participant satisfaction.     

Aspects of decision support in water management--example Berlin and Potsdam (Germany) II--improvement of management strategies

Methods related to partial order theory such as the Hasse diagram technique (HDT) are increasingly used in the field of multi-criteria decision support. The HDT has the advantage of being a transparent evaluation tool, supported by several data analysis tools such as the concept of antagonistic indicators. However, the evaluation usually does not lead to a clear decision, because more than one possible solution is offered. In the example presented here, three of the nine water management strategies (scenarios) evaluated by HDT were identified as winners. However, these strategies were not comparable with each other because of the conflicting evaluation of at least two different indicators. Such antagonisms describe the advantage and disadvantage of each scenario. Based on this background information, a new innovative approach is demonstrated, enabling the stakeholders to design new, modified management strategies, with reduced negative effects. After improvement of the three potential solutions, one clear winner scenario could be identified.     

A bidding decision index for construction contractors

Results from applying the model on a sample of contractors, the majority of whom were international and operating in Egypt, reinforces the credibility of the developed methodology, claim the authors.     

新型独立支撑标准化模板体系的关键施工技术

介绍了新型独立支撑标准化模板体系的施工原理、关键施工技术及安全措施等,指出该体系采用可调节高度的独立支撑,采用矩形钢管作为主次楞,实现装拆的工具化和标准化,分阶段拆除支撑体系,显著提高施工工效,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

Multi-criteria performance analysis for decision making in project management

This study is focused on decision support in the context of product and service development projects. Decision support requires the capacity to characterize the current state of the project (performance evaluation) and the decision-maker's point of view. However, the different projects’ stakeholders do not have the same needs in terms of performance evaluation to support their decision-making processes. Furthermore, in some cases controlling project performance using the elementary components of the Iron Triangle (Cost, Time and Quality) alone seems inefficient. This paper proposes a new multi-dimensional Project Performance Measurement System that would enable managers to deal with the volume of data. The proposition integrates the only character of each project (tasks, objectives, decision-makers personality and competences), several good practices in terms of universal project management dimensions on the one hand, and in terms of performance analysis on the other hand. Then, we show how an aggregation tool called MACBETH is used to analyze the performance measures according to project managers’ own performance interests. A case study illustrates the proposed system.     

高空大跨连廊结构支撑系统的设计与施工

针对实际工程高空大跨连廊结构支模施工难点,在分析常规钢管脚手架支模体系弊端基础上,初步确定钢桁架支撑系统,为优化设计,详细对比不同截面和形式的钢桁架支撑的优缺点,优选出最终方案,并根据其施工流程,确定其易出现问题的环节以及相应施工技术处理措施,保证了工程质量与安全,综合效益较显著。     

A multiple kernel learning-based decision support model for contractor pre-qualification

Due to the complex nature of the contractor pre-qualification such as subjectivity, non-linearity and multi-criteria, advanced model should be required for achieving a high accuracy of this decision-making process. Previous studies have been conducted to build up quantitative decision models for contractor pre-qualification, among them artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) have been proved to be desirable in solving the pre-qualification problem with regards to their higher accuracy and efficiency for solving the non-linear problem of classification. Based on the algorithm of SVM, multiple kernel learning (MKL) method was developed and it has been proved to perform better than SVM in other areas. Hence, MKL is proposed in this research, the capability of MKL was compared with SVM through a case study. From the result, it has been proved that both SVM and MKL perform well in classification, and MKL is more preferable than SVM, with a proper parameter setting. Therefore, MKL can enhance the decision making of contractor pre-qualification.     

高大模板支撑体系安全技术探讨

高大模板支撑工程是建筑工程的重要构成部分,高大支撑模板坍塌事故成为了困扰工程技术人员的一大问题,严重影响施工安全。通过对影响高大模板支撑工程中的安全因素进行分析。针对国内多发的高大模板施工安全问题,提出了确保高大支撑模板安全的对策,为提高高大模板支撑工程的安全性提供了有意义的指导。