Ito型耦合KdV方程的高阶保能量方法

构造具有能量守恒特性的Ito型耦合KdV方程的高阶保能量格式在模拟方程的运动中有重要的意义.本文利用四阶平均向量场方法和拟谱方法得到了Ito型耦合KdV方程的高阶保能量格式,并利用高阶保能量格式数值模拟方程孤立波的演化行为.数值结果表明新的高阶保能量格式能很好地模拟Ito型耦合KdV方程孤立波的行为,且精确地保持了方程的离散能量守恒.     

非线性扩散方程的精确解

本文研究非线性扩散方程的精确解,文中分别给出非线性扩散方程在推广旋转群和推广伸缩群上不变时满足的条件,并且利用推广旋转群和推广伸缩群构造方程的精确解,最后,给出了非线性扩散方程在推广旋转伸缩群上不变时满足的条件,推广旋转伸缩群也被用来构造非线性扩散方程的精确解.     

(1+1)维KdV型方程的变速孤波解

利用齐次平衡原则,导出了一(1 1)维KdV型方程的Baecklund变换,借助于该变换．获得了该方程的孤波解：且由孤波解的形式可以看出,变系数影响孤波的振幅及波速。     

变系数广义KdV方程的精确类孤子解

本文主要研究了变系数广义KdV方程的精确解。利用一种函数变换将变系数KdV方程约化为非线性常微分方程，借助于Mathematica软件求出该类方程的几种精确解。通过数值实例说明了方法的有效性，为变系数Kdv方程在自然科学领域的应用提供了理论依据。     

广义Tanh函数法中Riccati方程和sine-Gordon方程的新解及其新应用

非线性偏微分方程的显式解析解,特别是行波解,蕴含了方程的丰富信息,对于描述各种现象的发展规律起着至关重要的作用．本文尝试构造 KdV 方程多种形式的新显式行波解．首先,利用试探函数法和 Matlab计算给出了 Riccat 方程的许多新显式解析解．其次,运用广义 Tanh 函数法以及 Riccati 方程的新解得到了 sine-Gordon 方程的许多新显式解析解．最后,作为新的应用,把三角函数法结合 sine-Gordon 方程的新显式解析解并利用简化的变换形式进一步找到了 KdV 方程的许多新显式行波解．这些结果推广和补充了以往的相关研究成果,特别地,这些方法和新的结果可以用于求解许多非线性偏微分方程的新显式行波解．     

组合KdV-Burgers方程的精确解

用直接方法和假设方法的一种结合得到了组合KdV-Burgers方程的一些显式精确解。包括孤波解、奇异行波解和三角函数状周期波解。这个方程的一些特别重要的情形如组合KdV方程，mKdV-Burgers方程及mKdV方程等也可用此方法精确求解。     

基于吴方法的确定微分方程近似对称的算法

本文基于微分形式吴方法,给出了确定含小参数偏微分方程的两种近似对称的算法.算法的核心是克服了求解确定方程组的困难,这是确定偏微分方程近似对称的关键一步.作为算法的应用,给出了扰动KdV方程的近似对称及相应的近似不变解,这是吴方法在微分方程领域中的新应用.     

一类高阶KdV类型水波方程的多辛Euler-box格式

高阶KdV类型水波方程作为一类重要的非线性方程有着许多广泛的应用前景．本文主要研究高阶KdV类型水波方程的多辛Euler-box格式．首先,通过正则变换,构造了高阶KdV方程的多辛结构,并得到该系统的多辛守恒律、局部能量守恒律和动量守恒律．然后,我们利用Euler-box格式对高阶KdV方程进行离散,并基于Hamilton空间体系的多辛理论研究了该系统的离散Euler-box格式．我们证明该格式满足离散多辛守恒律,并且给出该格式的向后误差分析．最后,数值算例结果表明该多辛离散格式具有较好的长时间数值稳定性．     

一类板方程的群分析与精确解

李群理论的对称分析常用于简化微分方程的求解,并且被有效地用于解决非线性问题。本文利用经典的李群分析方法讨论一类在工程和物理领域有着广泛应用的二维形式板振动的四阶偏微分方程的最优对称和精确解。首先,利用无穷小生成元方法求得方程的不变群和最优对称,再对板方程进行化约降阶,从而获得了方程的部分显式精确解。     

一类五阶Korteweg-de-Vries方程的惟一连续性

惟一连续性是可积系统的重要性质之一,而初值问题解的性质与初值的光滑性密切相关.本文主要讨论了一类五阶KdV方程初值问题解的惟一连续性,证明了该初值问题的足够光滑的解,如果在一个非退化的时间区间内具有紧支集,那么该解恒为零.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...