光纤光栅传感器阵列在空间温度场测量中的应用

提出了一种基于光纤光栅(FBG)的温度传感测量系统,其可应用于空间温度场的分析与研究。该系统主要由FBG阵列、光纤解调仪和上位机组成,可以在复杂的环境下进行实时多点测温,实现对环境中的温度场进行监控与温度记录。经实验验证,该测量系统准确的实现了对空间中各点温度的实时测量。该系统具有空间分辨率高,响应速度快,抗电磁辐射等特点,为空间温度场研究及特殊工况下的温度场监测提供了有力手段。     

高压电缆的光纤分布式温度传感技术分析

光纤分布式测温技术是一种新型技术,其原理是利用激光在光纤中传播的特点,对空间温度场进行实时的测量。其作用是分布式的连续检测光纤沿线的温度。本文通过介绍光纤分布式温度传感技术的测温原理,以及光纤的安装方式对温度测量精准度的影响,分析阐述了该技术在高压电缆内部温度测量方面的应用。     

导光镜镜面温度场的模拟分析

为降低导光镜镜面热变形，采用有限体积法求解三维湍流传热方程，获得了镜面激光辐照区的温度场。文中主要讨论了激光功率、辐照时间、冷却液流速、镜体材料、流道与镜面距离等因素对镜面温度场的影响，并以辐照区平均温度和标准温度偏差作为主要指标进行冷却效果评价。结果表明，激光功率越大，各个方向上的温度越大；激光辐照发生的初始阶段温升增加较快，后期趋于平缓；流速越大，平均温度越低，标准温度偏差越小；镜体材料的性质对温度场也有不同影响；流道与镜面距离对铜镜的温度场影响不大。     

一种基于光导纤维新型温度传感器的设计与分析

利用液体的温度和折射率之间的内在联系，设计了一种新型光导纤维温度传感器系统。该系统的特点有光导纤维的响应时间非常短；由输出跟随外部流体的温度变化；光纤传感元件及测量硬件的廉价。使用该系统进行了实时温度的测量，并给出了实验结果。     

激光辐照皮肤组织的热效应解析计算研究

为了研究工作波段在近红外的激光安全问题,建立了连续激光辐照生物组织的热学模型,通过分离变量法求解热传导方程,得出了生物组织在激光辐照阶段和扩散阶段皮肤组织瞬态温度分布的精确解析解,并以氧碘激光辐照皮肤组织为例,计算了皮肤组织在激光辐照下的温度场分布。结果表明,皮肤组织温升随激光辐照时间和功率密度的增加而增加,辐照结束后,皮肤表面温度缓慢下降,深处温度先缓慢上升,再缓慢下降。分析结论与相关实验结果取得一致,证实了所建模型的合理性。该结论对于其它连续激光对物质的热损伤研究是有帮助的。     

光纤激光传感系统的研究进展

光纤激光传感系统作为一种新型的光纤传感技术,结合了光纤传感的高灵敏度、可分布式测量和不易受电磁干扰等优点,以及光纤激光器的窄线宽和高光信噪比等优势,能够很好地应用于油田、矿山、桥梁、电力以及飞机等领域的测量和安全监控。从两个方面介绍了目前光纤激光传感系统的研究进展,一方面是基于单参量测量的光纤激光传感系统,系统所探测的参量包含了温度、应变、折射率、电流、声波和风速等;另一方面是基于双参量测量的光纤激光传感系统,主要是解决温度与横向应力、应变和折射率等交叉敏感的问题。     

利用光纤拉曼散射温度传感系统的电力电缆温度在线监测

电力电缆线路运行温度在线检测技术是目前及时发现电力电缆线路局部过热点位置、检测运行线路的绝缘状态和计算导体载流量的首选技术措施。分布式光纤拉曼测温技术是利用激光在光纤中的传播特性,实现实时测量空间温度场分布的新技术,可以对光纤沿线的温度场进行分布式的连续检测。介绍了光纤拉曼传感技术的测温原理,以及基于此技术的电力电缆温度在线监测系统在实际中的应用,获得了一些仿真结果,并同传统的测温技术进行了详细的比较,说明分布式光纤拉曼测温系统应用于电力电缆在线监测的优势,适合于推广使用。     

用可调谐F-P滤波器实现分布式应变与温度同时测量系统

理论分析了FBG光纤光栅和长周期光纤光栅应变与温度同时测量的传感原理.在分析实现光纤光栅传感技术解调的基础上,重点研究了可调谐光纤F.P滤波器解调法.提出采用可调F-P滤波器实现分布式应变与温度同时测量系统的解调方案,较好地实现了多点应变与温度的同时测量.这种方法的测量精度较高,其中测量应变的灵敏度可以达到9με,测量应变的灵敏度为15℃.     

基于环绕式光纤的热风管温度解调技术

为了克服分布式光纤及其温度传感技术应用于高炉热风管中所存在的距离漂移率高、光纤互换性差等缺陷,采用了双端单路解调法,对光纤始末两端所测得的Stokes和anti-Stokes光强度比做算术平均处理,来抵消光纤衰减项Zc。双端单路解调法的距离漂移率K=0.011,更换光纤产生的最大Raman比偏差为0.015。结果表明,该解调法的距离漂移率低,当要求更换其它光纤时,光纤衰减系数不需要重新标定,完全能够实现对沿光纤路径温度场信息的有效测量。     

光纤F-P腔压力传感器在高温油井下的应用研究

针对高温、高压油井的测量环境,设计研制了基于光纤非本征型Fabry-Perot(F-P)腔的波长解调型光纤压力传感器系统.该系统采用激光熔接制作的光纤F-P传感头,具有测量动态范围大、温度敏感性小、耐高温和长期工作稳定等优点,在压强0～30 MPa范围内,系统压力测量分辨率达到0.003 MPa,温度敏感性小于0.002 MPa/℃.光纤传感头采用光纤-厚壁石英管激光熔接的无胶封装方式,解决了高温环境下的传感器高压密封和光纤保护问题.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks