MM区块油藏数值模拟与指标预测

介绍了油藏数值模拟的意义,对MM区块油藏数值模拟的模型初始化、生产历史拟合、调参原则等方面做了系统的介绍,对5种开发方案进行了经济评价,并作出合理优选方案。     

曙1-6-12块剩余油分布的数值模拟研究

针对曙光油田曙1-6-12块的开发现状,通过精细油藏数值模拟,对该区块剩余油分布进行研究,建立了全区油藏数值模型,模拟结果比较正确地反映出实际油藏流体的分布特征,为补充和发展剩余油分布描述技术以及下一步挖潜对策提供了可靠的决策依据。     

底水稠油油藏水平井精细数值模拟跟踪技术研究与应用

新海27块为边底水能量充足的稠油油藏,在精细油藏描述成果的基础上,通过对各种建模方法适应性分析和建模方法的优选,建立新海27块三维地质模型,并依据其地质特点及数值模拟的精度要求,优选模型粗化方法进行三维地质模型的粗化,形成油藏数值模拟地质模型;根据已建立的油藏数值模拟模型,结合生产动态数据和有关测试资料,进行历史拟合,量化剩余油分布,在此基础上进行水平井生产动态跟踪与参数优化,取得了较好的开发效果。     

Haake混合器中双组分聚合物熔体共混过程的数值模拟研究

采用有限元分析软件POLYFLOW对发生在Haake密闭式混合器中的双组分聚合物熔体共混过程进行了二维等温数值模拟，并进行了实验验证。首先采用仅和流场有关的黏度模型对共混过程进行了数值模拟，模拟结果与实验结果符合较好。进而又考虑了共混体系中组分含量对共混体系黏度的影响，对原来的黏度模型进行了修正，修正后的数值模拟结果和实验结果更接近。通过利用数值模拟的方法进一步获悉了双组分聚合物体系对流混合的规律。     

GCRN评价模型在泥河铁矿采场结构参数优化中的应用

为确定泥河铁矿合理的采场结构参数,提出一种反映采场出矿波动的评价指标——矿块回采波动率,并选取安全系数、矿块回采波动率、大主应力、矿房顶板沉降量4个评价指标,利用所构建的GCRN(灰色关联相对贴近度)评价模型进行综合评价。结合泥河铁矿工程实际对不同采场结构参数的11个方案进行数值模拟,分析两种工况条件下采场围岩应力应变状态,将数值模拟分析结果应用于GCRN评价模型,利用计算所得的灰色关联相对贴近度进行方案优选,最终确定方案6为最优方案,其矿房和矿柱宽度均为20m。     

PBX炸药二维冲击起爆机理的数值模拟

建立了基于KIM模型的一个化学反应速率方程模型,用于分析PBX起爆和爆轰行为的损伤作用.运用遗传算法确定了反应速率方程的相关参数,通过与Forest-Fire反应速率模型数值模拟结果对比,验证了所建模型的合理性.将所建反应速率方程模型嵌入有限元程序对PBX炸药二维冲击起爆过程进行数值模拟,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,可以描述分析受冲击加载造成孔隙率、颗粒尺寸等变化的损伤炸药的冲击起爆过程.     

二维水翼空化流动数值模拟研究

采用空化模型和Mixture多相流模型,对攻角为2.5°的NACA 0009型二维水翼的空化流动过程进行了数值模拟研究。对通过数值模拟得到的翼型表面压力系数变化曲线与试验数据进行对比,分析了不同湍流模型和3种空化模型对空化场模拟结果的影响,讨论了湍流模型与空化模型的准确性和适应性。研究结果表明,数值模拟研究二维水翼的空化流动中,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型、修正后的Schnerr and Sauer空化模型计算精度更高,收敛速度较快。数值模拟得到的计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,并通过计算得到了不同空化数情况下翼型吸力面空化区长度变化曲线。     

Haake混合器中双组分聚合物熔体共混过程的数值模拟研究

采用有限元分析软件POLYFLOW对发生在Haake密闭式混合器中的双组分聚合物熔体共混过程进行了二维等温数值模拟，并进行了实验验证。首先采用仅和流场有关的黏度模型对共混过程进行了数值模拟，模拟结果与实验结果符合较好。进而又考虑了共混体系中组分含量对共混体系黏度的影响，对原来的黏度模型进行了修正，修正后的数值模拟结果和实验结果更接近。通过利用数值模拟的方法进一步获悉了双组分聚合物体系对流混合的规律。     

CFD模型在污水沉淀池数值模拟中的应用

本文介绍了沉淀池数值模拟中所运用的大量紊流模型,综述了计算流体力学（CFD）模型应用于污水沉淀池数值模拟的研究现状,讨论了不同边界条件、环境因素对模拟结果的影响,评述了CFC模型应用于污水沉淀池数值模拟的优劣.     

H区块聚合物注入参数优选

H区块经过多年注水开发,开发效果逐渐变差,为了改善区块的开发效果,进一步挖潜剩余油,拟对该区块进行注聚合物采油,为了将聚合物驱油效果发挥到最大,通过数值模拟方法进行了聚合物注入参数优选。利用Petrel和Eclipse软件建立H区块的地质模型和数值模型,精细拟合后通过模拟预测对聚合物注入速度和注入浓度进行了优选。研究结果表明,聚合物注入速度越小或是注入浓度越大,采出程度就越高,含水上升越慢,H区块最优的聚合物注入速度为0.2 PV/a,最优的聚合物注入浓度为1 500 mg/L。该研究结果能为H区块聚合物驱油提供有力依据。     

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) studies of liquid-liquid flows. Part II: Flow pattern transitions at low liquid velocities in downwards flow

This paper describes the use of Laser-induced fluorescence to investigate liquid-liquid vertical pipe flow in a closed experimental circuit at very low mixture velocities. The dynamic evolution of annular, mixed and dispersed flows were observed, as well as the associated physical processes such as wave coalescence and the formation of secondary dispersions. The experimental results presented in this paper suggest that as the flow velocity was increased, the flow undergoes a transition from annular to wavy-annular to mixed (or transition) flow, and finally dispersed flow. The results also indicated that secondary dispersions, such as w/o/w and o/w/o, occur in the dispersed core of a mixed flow. In transient flow (in which the flow velocity is decreased), the structure of the flow was very complex and the formation of ‘slugs’ could occur, which resemble the situation in gas-liquid flows.     

并流旋转床压降与传质特性的研究

利用水-空气系统对并流旋转床的气相压降进行了研究,并与逆流旋转床气相压降进行了对比。研究结果表明：并流较逆流旋转床的气相压降低;并流旋转床的气相压降随气体流量的增大而增大,随液体流量的增大而减小,随转速的增大明显降低;而逆流旋转床的气相压降随转速的增大明显升高。利用水吸收SO2的实验对并流旋转床的传质特性进行了研究。研究结果表明：并流旋转床填料层内各点的体积传质系数随着气体流量、液体流量和转速的增大而增大;填料层半径由70mm增大至90mm时,并流旋转床的体积传质系数迅速增大,而后并流旋转床的体积传质系数随半径的增大而减小。对并流和逆流旋转床填料层内体积传质系数进行了对比。结果表明：填料层半径由70mm增大至130mm时,并流旋转床的体积传质系数较逆流时大;当半径大于130mm后,逆流旋转床的体积传质系数大于并流旋转床的体积传质系数,且随半径增大而增大。根据研究结果,提出了降低系统压降的设想,即并流与逆流旋转床串联操作。     

Transition of the flow in a symmetric channel with periodically expanded grooves

Transition of the flow in a periodically grooved channel is numerically investigated for periodicity indices m=1 up to 6 by assuming the two-dimensional and fully developed flow field, where m is defined as a number of grooves in which the flow repeats periodically. Critical Reynolds numbers for the onset of a self-sustained oscillatory flow from a steady-state flow are evaluated by numerical simulations. It is found that the bifurcations occur at the critical Reynolds numbers as a result of Hopf bifurcation, and a period in the streamwise direction of the oscillatory flow is twice as long as the groove pitch of the channel. In addition, flow visualization with the aluminum dust method is carried out to confirm the results obtained from the numerical simulations. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical ones.     

CFD优化精馏塔板的液流状况

应用计算机对过程的模拟(仿真)研究是过程系统工程(process systems engineering,简称PSE)的重要组成部分,本文应用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,简称CFD)模拟研究了液流强度和堰径比对精馏塔板液流状况的影响,并且模拟计算了改进塔板液流状况的两种方案:设置不等高入口堰和设置圆弧型的导流板,从模拟结果可以看出,以上两种方案都能够很好的达到优化塔板液流状况的目的。     

电站热力试验流量测量方法对比分析及其应用

以某330MW火力发电厂进除氧器的凝结水流量为例,分析采用超声波流量计、ASME流量喷嘴、标准孔板流量计测量流体参数和具体管道的条件要求,并对实际应用测量结果进行分析比较。结果表明:机组考核试验以ASME流量喷嘴测量的凝结水流量作为基准;日常对比试验标准孔板流量计测量能满足要求;超声波流量计误差较大,可以测量对试验结果影响较小的辅助流量。     

基于框架设计的液流电池流场优化模拟研究

液流电池通常采用对角平推流流场,会形成电解液滞留区,造成电池局部浓差极化大,影响综合性能。鉴于此,提出了一种基于框架设计的流场优化方法,通过设计电极框架,可以得到“蛇形流道”和“平行流道”两类流场。以全钒液流电池为例,通过数学建模,研究了不同流场结构和参数对于多孔电极内电解液流动特性、电化学反应和温度变化特性的影响规律。计算结果与实验结果一致性良好,结果表明：电解液在“平行流场”内的流动均匀性比在“蛇形流场”内好,且不存在滞留区,同时在“平行流场”内浓差极化也较“蛇形流场”低;此外,对于同样的电极面积,在电极内部的“平行流道”越多,电解液的流速分布越均匀,反应特性越好。     

Mass and momentum transfer in blood oxygenators

Mass transfer and friction factor correlations for commercially available hollow fibre and flat sheet blood oxygenators have been determined experimentally. Water was used as a substitute for blood. The diffusion of oxygen into and out of water has been studied. Three different flow configurations have been investigated: flow inside hollow fibres, flow outside and across woven hollow fibre bundles and flow in thin channels. For flow inside the fibres, the results obtained are in close agreement with analogous theoretical correlations. The results for flow across bundles of woven hollow fibres may be compared to analogous results for flow in cross flow heat exchangers.For flow in thin channels, the results obtained here are in agreement with the analogous theoretical heat transfer correlation developed by Lévêque. However, at Graetz numbers less than 10, the results deviate from the predictions of Lévêque. This deviation cannot be predicted by extensions to the Lévêque solution or from the more rigorous analysis by Graetz. However it is possible to predict the observed deviation by considering slight polydispersity in the thickness of the thin liquid flow channels.     

Gas-solid flow in an ironmaking blast furnace-II: Discrete particle simulation

This paper presents a numerical study of the gas-solid flow in an ironmaking blast furnace by combining discrete particle simulation (DPS) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The conditions considered include different gas and solid flow rates, asymmetric conditions such as non-uniform gas and solid flow rates in blast furnace raceways, and existence of scabs on the side walls. The obtained results show that main gas-solid flow features under different conditions can be captured by this approach. The computed results are consistent with the experimental observations. Microscopic structures including the force structure are examined to analyze the effect of gas flow on the solid flow at a particle scale. Further, macroscopic properties such as solid pressure and porosity are obtained from the corresponding microscopic properties by an averaging method. It is shown that the solid pressure-porosity relationship in a blast furnace is complicated, varying with different flow zones. None of the literature correlations considered can fully describe such a feature. Based on the simulated results, two correlations are formulated to describe the solid pressure-porosity relationship covering different flow regimes. But their general application needs further tests in future work.     

催化裂化沉降器内两端敞开型旋风分离器内气相流动规律

研究考察了催化裂化沉降器内两端敞开型旋风分离器内油气流动规律.用CFX软件采用DSM模型进行了数值模拟,并与用五孔探针测试的流场进行了比较,表明DSM模型有良好的预测精度.在此基础上,采用标量输运方程研究了气体在旋风分离器内的停留时间分布规律.实验和模拟结果均表明,该类旋风分离器内流场与常规旋风分离器的有很大的不同,升气管和料腿均存在回流区,升气管回流区最大可波及分离空间,对分离空间流场有很大干扰.气体示踪模拟结果表明,由入口进入旋风分离器,由升气管、料腿排出的气体的停留时间近似呈对数正态分布;升气管、料腿回流区内气体停留时间呈双峰分布;升气管回流区的存在可使总气体平均停留时间增大约5%～10%;料腿直径的减小以及灰斗的存在均可增大由升气管排出的气量并使升气管、料腿回流区大幅减小,进而减小粗旋风分离器内气体总平均停留时间.     

A CFD-based design scheme for the perforated distributor with the control of radial flow

In the present study, flow homogenization by distributors in chemical apparatus is studied as a process of flow control and its mechanism is reconsidered from the model of resistance to the model of radial flow. This process is composed of four consecutive behaviors: the generation, distribution, conversion of the radial flow and the momentum transfer of axial flow. Based on these flow behaviors, the novel distributor is designed as the combination of perforated plate in the center area and vertical guiding baffles around. Taking the wire-screen catalytic reactor as a case study, numerical simulation is employed to optimize the structure of distributor and a CFD-based design scheme called “flow field analysis scheme” is proposed. Numerical simulation is conducted in the apparatus with a diffuser (inlet D₀ = 500 mm, main part D₁ = 3,000 mm) under the gas velocity of 3.6 m/s (corresponding Re ≈ 12,000). The numerical results from optimized distributor show that compared with the traditional perforated plate, the flow field adjusted by the novel distributor can achieve a better flow uniformity with lower energy consumption. The theoretical analysis and numerical results are also validated and proved by the experimental results.