Erfahrungen mit Mehrproduktanlagen

Experience Gained with Multipurpose Plants. Multipurpose plants are used in many fields of production. Some products often have a short life cycle or are not in continuous demand; hence these plants undergo constant changes. In order to control these changes from an economical point of view, certain boundary conditions must be met. The following article describes which questions have to be asked and answered and which structures prove to be advantageous for such plants.     

Erfahrungen mit der Auswahl,Einführung und Anwendung von CAD-Systemen in der Anlagenplanung

Experience gained in the choice, introduction, and application of CAD systems in plant engineering. Computer-aided design in plant engineering is not restricted to technical or chemical engineering calculations but is also used for the creation of graphic design documents. A standing working party ?Computer-aided plant design”? of DECHEMA covered the topic of computer-aided design systems in its sessions of 1982. The presentations are reported here in short form. After an introduction to the problems concerned, the selection, preparation, and use of computer-aided design systems are discussed.     

Erfahrungen bei der Hydrierung von einigen Ölen und Fetten mit einem Kupferkatalysator

Experiences on the Hydrogenation of Fats with a Copper Catalyst Soybean oil, rapeseed oil and lard were hydrogenated using a copper catalyst. The products of hydrogenation were refined after the removal of copper following a new technique. The aforesaid oils were also hydrogenated with a nickel catalyst to the same iodine value and then refined. The products of hydrogenation using copper showed a better stability towards oxidation than those obtained with nickel.     

Weitere Erfahrungen mit den DGF-Empfehlungen zur Beurteilung gebrauchter Brat- und Siedefette

Further Experiences with the Recommendations of the DGF in the Assessment of Used Frying and Cooking Fats First a survey about the fatty raw material is given which is used in the Federal Republic of Germany for the production of frying and cooking fats. Because of their different composition they behave during heating under frying conditions very differently. Some fats undergo in a relatively short time such sensoric changes that they can no longer be used. Whereas the analytically obtained data are absolutely found within the allowed limits. Other fatty raw substances, however, behave absolutely contrary. Sensoric points (taste, odour, appearance) can absolutely be inconspicuous, when the analytical data already exclude any marketability. Of the common estimation criteria the smoke point is usable only with some restraint for various reasons. First the obtained data vary strikingly just in the limit of acceptance between the individual laboratories in spite of improved investigation method. Beyond also the fresh inital fats show significant differences in their smoke points which is elucidated by different raffinates of palm oil and hardened ground nut oil. Therefore the recommendation must be critically reviewed that a fat is no longer marketable if the smoke point decrease compared with fresh fat is higher than 50°. The other limits as 0.7% petrolether unsoluble oxidated fatty acids as well as 27% by column chromatography determined polar amounts have proved, indeed. The determination of the polar amounts is preferred because of the simple operation method, the quicker performance and the lower error of the method. The “Fritest” as a quick test has become more popular in process control and preselection of suspicious fats, because the handling is very easy and results are available with sufficient reliability.     

Praktische Erfahrungen mit der Fallfilmdesodorier-Anlage

Experiences in Practice with the Falling Film Deodorising Plant We started working with our pilot plant with a performance of 100 kg/h in 1982. In the “AOCS World Conference on Oilseed and Edible Oil Processing” in Den Haag we reported in a first communication about the by that time obtained results. In this second communication it is reported about the meanwhile obtained results of neutralization and deodorization of rape seed oil, ground nut oil, exotic fats, special fats and emulsifiers.     

Populationsbilanzmodellierung mit einem Mehrphasen‐CFD‐Code und vergleichende Visualisierung

The Euler‐Euler multiphase approach multiphaseEulerFoam is extended by implementation of several population balance models to describe the variation of the dispersed phase bubble size. The different models are compared with each other and with experimental data. A new approach is developed, which allows, in addition to the representation of the bubble size, an accurate visualization of the bubble shape based on the Eötvös and Reynolds number as well as position probability and number of bubbles and therefore simplifies the comparison between simulation and experiment.