电离层总电子含量建模的最优观测值选择

观测量的精度对区域电离层总电子含量建模至关重要.介绍电离层总电子含量(TEC)的概念,讨论利用GPS双频观测数据反演TEC的方法和原理.通过对几种TEC计算方法的精度进行研究和分析,提出一种电离层总电子含量建模最优观测值的选取方法.     

利用COSMIC掩星数据研究震前电离层异常

利用COSMIC掩星星座的电离层掩星数据,对2009年9月30日印尼苏门答腊南部地区发生的7.7级地震引起的电离层响应作了详细的研究.根据地震前震中区域上空附近电离层电子密度峰值的异常变化,采用人工神经网络插值技术进行可视化分析处理,通过地震前6～20 d电离层F2层电子密度峰值的对比发现,震前5 d内震中区域上空的电离层F2层电子密度峰值出现明显的负异常现象,可排除太阳活动和地磁活动等影响的干扰,这种电离层异常现象的发生,极有可能是由即将发生的地震所引起的.     

基于陆基GNSS的电离层时间序列预报研究

为讨论不同时间序列模型对电离层垂直总电子含量(VTEC)的预报效果,在平静电离层条件下,采用载波相位平滑伪距法解算单站上空的电离层VTEC值,分别利用自回归积分滑动平均模型(ARIMA)与Holt-Winters指数平滑模型进行逐站建模,通过时长为9 d的样本序列实现3 d预报,并对预报值进行系统评估.结果表明,时间序...     

极区电离层GPS信号闪烁特征统计分析

对意大利高纬电离层闪烁监测网2004年全年的电离层闪烁数据进行分析,通过计算GPS信号振幅和相位闪烁在给定强度变化范围内的发生率,研究太阳活动低年GPS信号L1频标电离层振幅、相位闪烁的发生率及其时空分布随电离层总电子含量、不同季节的气候学变化特征。结果表明:在高纬地区,电离层相位闪烁比振幅闪烁更容易发生;在极盖区,相位闪烁的季节性特征较为明显;不同的电离层总电子含量变化率可导致产生不同类型的电离层闪烁。     

利用卫星信标法拉第效应研究西安地区电离层总电子含量

本文根据1981年9月至11月在西安对 SJ-2(A)卫星信标的法拉第效应观测的资料,计算出西安地区电离层总电子含量(TEC),给出了总电子含量的平均日变化形态,并对结果进行了初步的分析。     

陕西省北斗三号区域电离层TEC建模与精度评估

基于陕西省北斗地基增强监测站数据,利用4阶球谐函数建立了陕西区域电离层总电子含量(TEC)模型,生成区域TEC格网产品.实验结果表明：以欧洲定轨中心(CODE)全球电离层图(GIM)产品作为参考,利用BDS-3数据获得的陕西区域北斗电离层产品精度为2.54 TECu,与CODE产品标称精度相当.在单频精密单点定位(SF-PPP)性能方面,BDS-3区域电离层产品可以提升定位精度35%,优于CODE全球电离层产品改正效果(27%).综合而言,BDS-3单系统在区域电离层建模方面具备较为优异的性能水平.     

2017 年九寨沟MS 7. 0 级地震震前电离层异常

以2017 年8月8日九寨沟发生的M_S 7. 0 级地震为背景,利用CODE 提供的GIM 数据, 采用滑动四分位法,研究地震前后电离层的异常现象与地震的关系。通过对震中及周围4个参考点进行TEC 异常检测, 发现孕震区在 2017 年7 月28 日、8 月4 日和8月6日均出现了不同程度的电离层异常现象。结合日地环境和全球TEC 异常分布进一步分析后得出:2017年7月28日和8月6日出现的电离层异常可能是地震前兆, 异常区域没有垂直对应于震中,且异常具有共轭结构并表现出向赤道漂移的趋势;而8月4日出现的电离层异常可能由地磁扰动引起。     

BP神经网络和ARIMA模型的变权组合电离层TEC预报

针对电离层总电子含量(TEC)非线性、非平稳性的特性,提出基于BP神经网络和差分自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)的最优非负变权组合预报模型,并将其应用于TEC预报。利用IGS中心提供的不同经纬度的电离层平静期、活跃期TEC数据,分别采用BP神经网络模型、ARIMA模型和变权组合模型对TEC进行5 d预报。实验结果表明:在电离层平静期和活跃期变权组合模型预报5 d的平均相对精度分别为94. 7%和88. 9%,其中预报残差小于3 TECu的分别达到89. 3%和78. 5%,较单一模型的预报精度有明显提高。     

高功率微波对电离层电子温度的影响

高功率微波在电离层中传输时,自由电子很容易被外加电场加热,会影响电离层的电子温度。文章利用电离层的特征等离子场,分析不同频段高功率微波对电离层电子温度的影响,得出电离层电子温度的变化规律,为高功率微波大气传输相关研究提供依据。     

VHF波段星载SAR系统电离层效应仿真研究

为研究VHF波段星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统,分析了雷达中心频率、信号带宽、电离层总电子含量(TEC)以及闪烁强度等因素对于VHF波段星载SAR成像的影响,并进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,在空间电离层中传播时,VHF波段星载SAR的距离向分辨率与雷达中心频率、信号带宽以及传播路径上的电离层TEC大小密切相关,同时由于时延的影响,还会导致SAR距离向图像发生移位,造成定位精度下降;方位向分辨率受闪烁效应影响严重,当处于弱闪烁或中等闪烁时,旁瓣抬升明显,且产生微小的移位,当处于强闪烁时,方位向分辨率明显降低,甚至无法成像.     

Using the GPS observations to reconstruct the ionosphere three-dimensionally with an ionospheric data assimilation and analysis system (IDAAS)

Using an international reference ionosphere (IRI) model as a background ionosphere and applying the Kalman filter to update the state with observations, we develop an ionosphere data assimilation analysis system (IDAAS) to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) ionosphere with the GPS slant TEC and ionosonde data over east-south Asia. The preliminary results with the GPS data collected over east-south Asia on 30 June 2005 showed that inversed slant TEC has very good correlation with the observations both for the GPS sites being and not being involved in reconstruction. The inversed NmF2 and vertical TEC both demonstrate great improvement of agreement with those observed from ionosondes and TOPEX satellite independently.     

CSES GNSS ionospheric inversion technique,validation and error analysis

With the increased number of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites equipped with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver, the LEO based GNSS slant total electron content (TEC) and electron density profile (EDP) data play an increasingly important role in space weather and ionospheric research due to improved global coverage. China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), which was launched in February 2018, is equipped with GNSS receiver for either precise orbit determination (POD) and ionospheric inversion. The purpose of the present paper is to validate CSES GNSS ionospheric inversion technique based on the real observations and verify the accuracy of TEC and EDP retrieval based on the simulated data. The following conclusions can be drawn: the epoch difference inversion (EDI) derived from CSES can successfully retrieve the EDPs without non-occultation side measurements; the technique of EDI and the calibrated TEC inversion (CTI) have similar behaviors in inversion errors, however, the retrieved NmF2 and hmF2 have a larger systematic error surrounding the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) where the assumption of spherical symmetry is often invalid; the precision and accuracy of retrieved TEC have been investigated in the paper based on the simulated data, and it is found that the accuracy of the retrieved TEC is relative to solar activity: the lower the F10.7 index, the higher the accuracy of retrieved TEC.     

Research on regional ionospheric TEC modeling using RBF neural network

Machine learning techniques which are about the construction and study of system that can learn from data are combined with many application fields.A method on ionospheric total electron content(TEC)mapping is proposed based on radical basis function(RBF)neural network improved by Gaussian mixture model(GMM).Due to the complicated ionospheric behavior over China,GMM is used to determine the center of basis function in the unsupervised training process.Gradient descent is performed to update the weights function on a sum of squared output error function in the supervised learning process.The TEC values from the center for orbit determination in Europe(CODE)global ionospheric maps covering the period from 2007to 2010 are used to investigate the performance of the developed network model.For independent validation,the simulated TEC values at different latitudes(20°N,30°N and 40°N)along 120°E longitude are analyzed and evaluated.The results show that the simulated TEC from the RBF network based model has good agreement with the observed CODE TEC with acceptable errors.The theoretical research indicates that RBF can offer a powerful and reliable alternative to the design of ionospheric TEC forecast technologies and thus make a significant contribution to the ionospheric modeling efforts in China.     

利用双频GPS观测量对高原地区（昆明）电离层TEC的研究

采用双频GPS观测值,在顾及GPS系统硬件延迟情况下,通过伪距与载波相位观测值联合解出TEC,并将其投影至高原（昆明地区）上空约350km的某一假想薄层上,从而导出接收站附近垂直TEC。这种方法得到的垂直TEC为天顶周围一锥角内的平均值,通过离散度的统计,并结合昆明站采集得到的高精度数据计算了该地区电离层2007年6～8月的电离层电子浓度总含量的逐日时间序列值,在此基础上对照昆明市连续运行参考站CORS描绘出了对于处在双驼峰区里该地区TEC日变化的特性。     

Global ionospheric TEC response to a strong magnetic storm

The global characteristics of the ionospheric storm and irregularities as well as propagation of TEC (total electron content) disturbances during the strong magnetic storm occurring in November 2004 were investigated by using the data of the IGS network. For the response of the global ionospheric TEC to this strong magnetic storm, the following features are noticeable: 1) the maximum of the ionospheric storm phase occurred around the main phase maximum of the magnetic storm; 2) the TEC response in equatorial and low latitudes was more remarkable than that in mid-high latitudes; 3) as a whole, the storm phase in the northern hemisphere was mainly positive, and it was negative in the southern hemisphere; 4) during the whole magnetic storm from November 7 to 11, the locations where the maxima of the positive and negative ionospheric storm phases occurred were nearly invariant to the Sun at low and equatorial latitudes, i.e. the 24-h recurrence. Analyzing results of TEC rate and its standard deviation showed that the ionospheric irregularities and disturbances in the global mainly occurred around the main phase maximum of the storm, and they distributed in a large longitudinal region for both day and night in mid-high latitudes and they generated and developed only after the sunset, and lasted out to the midnight in equatorial and low latitudes. The disturbance propagation parameters were also estimated by using the wavelet reconstruction and cross-correlation technologies for a set of spaced stations in the Northern America. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40474055, 40504019)     

COSMIC与FY-3C掩星电离层反演的比较

利用基于TEC的电子密度廓线反演方法,对2014年12月31日的COSMIC和FY-3C掩星任务的电离层掩星相位数据进行处理,将反演的电子密度廓线及电离层峰值参数分别与两个掩星任务的官方产品进行比较,发现两个掩星任务的反演结果与官方产品均具有较好的一致性.其中COSMIC反演结果与CDAAC官方产品的一致性略好于FY-...     

可公度信息系在强震预报中的应用

可公度信息系作为信息预测方法中的一种,主要用来研究物理体系中的特性,其难点在于可公度性数据的提取．采用可公度性作模进行数据划分,依据不同的频数值来提取数据．应用可公度信息性和信息有序性2种方法研究中国大陆8级以上地震和美国加利福尼亚州7级以上地震,得到相同预测值．研究结果表明,中国大陆8级以上地震序列和美国加利福尼亚州7级以上地震序列是有规律的．     

热电制冷器温度依赖的材料参数的提取

为获取通常情况下大部分厂家保密但在计算过程中所必须的热电制冷器(TEC)的热电材料参数,对温度依赖的热电材料参数进行了提取.利用一款一级TEC性能的测试结果,基于热电基本公式,根据两种不同的材料参数取值方法分别建立了两个超定方程组,通过对这两个方程组进行求解,分别提取了两组TEC的热电材料参数.并用所提取的两组热电材料参数对另一款相同材料的5级TEC性能进行了计算以验证所提取材料参数的有效性.结果表明:厂家性能曲线误差随级数增加而增大,对于5级TEC,制冷温度误差可达20 K以上,这在TEC选型中应予以重视;本文所提取的材料参数在计算另一款5级TEC制冷温度时,不同制冷量下误差最大为1.6 K～6.1 K.同时,电压的计算结果表明计算模型中接触电阻是不可忽略的,通过所提取的电阻误差对电压的计算进行修正后,在TEC适用工作电流区间内,两组参数计算的电压相对误差分别小于4.80%和7.00%.本文方法计算的制冷温度误差约为极值法误差的1/5～1/2,约为厂家参数误差的1/10～1/4,准确度与有限元法利用热电材料参数实测值计算的结果近似,可有效的用于相同材料TEC的性能评估.