Coloration of cellulose nanofibres with pigments

Electrospun nanofibrous mats are popular for their wide technological applications as medical, filtration, sensing and high performance textiles. The potential for coloration of electrospun nanofibrous mats for aesthetic purposes has also been explored recently, and the pigment coloration of cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats is reported for the first time in this paper. Cellulose acetate electrospun nanofibrous mats were fabricated using electrospinning followed by treatment with sodium hydroxide to synthesise regenerated cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats. Then the cellulose mats were coloured with commercially available pigments by a pad‐dry‐bake method. Excellent K/S and colour fastness to both washing and light were produced with the application of three commercial pigments. The pH and total dissolved solids content of the coloration wastewater, as well as the mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibrous mats, were also tested. Attenuated total reflection‐Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis were used for characterisation.     

喷墨打印和喷墨印花用染料和有机颜料的进展

本篇是关于喷墨打印和喷墨印花用染料和有机颜料的综述文章。主要论述了用于纸张打印水性墨水的颜料和染料、纤维素纤维喷墨印花用活性染料、丝绸喷墨印花用酸性染料以及聚酯纤维喷墨印花用分散染料的进展情况。给出了组成各种墨水的典型配方。并预测了未来可能的发展趋势。     

Sol-Gel法制备连续式喷墨打印用彩色陶瓷墨水的理化性能

虽然溶胶－凝胶过程已经成为世界范围的研究热点，但是绝大多数的研究均与工程陶瓷有关，溶胶－凝胶过程还没有在传统陶瓷上得到应用，本文介绍一种水质溶胶－凝胶的新应用：以溶胶－凝胶为基础的彩色墨水通过连续喷墨打印来装饰传统陶瓷，这些彩色墨水含有陶瓷装饰的主要成分，并且以水溶胶的形式存在，该墨水打印在陶瓷上变成凝胶，经烧后形成陶瓷的彩色装饰，阐述了制备墨水的关键性质及其潜在优点。     

Ink-jet printing of cationised cotton using reactive inks

The ink-jet printing properties of cotton cationised with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride have been studied. Cyan, magenta, yellow and black reactive inks were used to print untreated and cationised cotton fabrics. The effect of cationic reagent concentration, steaming time, ink (colour) and print resolution were investigated, together with possible differences between the behaviour of the four inks. Colour yields, staining of the white grounds, penetration behaviour, print quality and fastness properties were evaluated.     

Solar reflective ink-jet printed porcelain stoneware tiles as an alternative for Urban Heat Island mitigation

Digital ink-jet printing is a decoration system for ceramic tiles that requires the application of engobes with high whiteness and opacity, characteristics that can be used to design solar reflective ink-jet decorated tiles. These materials can help to mitigate Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. Here, the fabrication of ink-jet printed solar reflective tiles using an engobe with high solar reflectance was investigated. Two printing modalities (binary (BIN) and grayscale (GS)), five printing intensities, and four colours were tested. It was found that some of the prepared tiles can be used for mitigating the UHI phenomenon. The solar reflective properties were mainly derived from the reflective engobe, and in some grade, from the mineral composition of the inks. The colour and roughness measurements revealed that the GS modality could prepare ink-jet decorated tiles with good solar reflective properties with a smaller quantity of inks and good soiling resistance.     

Pad dyeing of cellulose acetate nanofibres with disperse dyes

In addition to a number of applications of nanofibres in technical fields such as medical, filtration and biosensing, nanofibres are recently being widely explored in terms of apparel use. Past work has focused on the functional properties of nanofibres for apparel use. Coloured nanofibres were produced to investigate their aesthetic properties for the potential application to apparel. Webs of cellulose acetate nanofibre were electrospun and dyed with a high energy level CI Disperse Red 167:1 dye and a low energy level CI Disperse Blue 56 dye using the continuous pad–dry–bake method. Results revealed that the high energy level dye produced better colour yield than the lower energy level dye. The dyed cellulose acetate nanofibres produced acceptable colorimetric values, colour yield and colour fastness. Young’s modulus of dyed nanofibres increased by threefold in comparison to the undyed cellulose acetate nanofibres. Scanning electron microscopy images showed good morphology with the smooth surface of the dyed cellulose acetate nanofibres.     

数码喷墨用紫外光固化油墨

在数码喷墨领域中，紫外光固化是最近快速发展的一项新技术。本文涉及到数码印刷对所用喷墨的要求，与普通溶剂油墨的区别和油墨配方的选材，最后提及UV固化油墨的发展新趋势。     

新型喷墨打印墨水用水溶性染料

介绍了近年来研究开发用于喷墨打印墨水的新型水溶性染料的结构及合成方法,这些新型染料以偶氮类为主、属于酸性、直接或活性染料,用于墨水时具有较好的应用和牢度性能,其颜色包括黑色、品红色、黄色和青色。有43篇参考文献。     

Fabrication of blend biodegradable nanofibrous nonwoven mats via multi-jet electrospinning

A series of blend biodegradable nanofibrous mats comprising poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and cellulose acetate (CA) were prepared via multi-jet electrospinning. A relative high voltage (20 kV) was used to supply the power for multi-jet electrospinning. The weight ratio of PVA/CA in blend nanofibrous mats can be controlled by changing the number ratio of jets of PVA/CA. Moreover, the real composition of PVA and CA in blend nanofibrous mats was determined by immersing the blend nanofibrous mats into water to remove the PVA component. Morphology, dispersibility, and mechanical properties of blend nanofibrous mats were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and tensile test. The results showed that the blend nanofibrous mats have good dispersibility. Additionally, the mechanical properties of blend nanofibrous mats were largely influenced by the weight ratio of PVA/CA in blends. Potential applications of the blend nanofibrous mats include filters and biomedical materials.     

喷墨打印机颜料型油墨的最新进展

喷墨打印技术是一种非接触式的数字印刷技术,它将数码技术与传统的印刷技术合二为一。用于喷墨印刷的染料型墨水通常表现出差的耐光性和耐水性,因此将颜料引进到喷墨油墨中以克服染料型墨水的缺点是必然趋势。为了在低粘度下保持颜料稳定的分散,性能优异的合成分散剂对于获得稳定的颜料分散体是必不可少的。本文介绍了水性喷墨油墨的组分及各组分作用,对喷墨油墨的生产技术、发展前景进行了展望。     

喷墨印花的有机颜料印墨

用于喷墨印花印墨的着色剂中,有机颜料性能优于染料,但难度大、本文就有机颜料着色剂及亲水性改性处理作了较为详细的介绍,同时述及印花粘合剂及印墨的制造方法。     

Ink‐jet printing of cotton with natural dyes

Four natural dyes, annatto, cutch, pomegranate fruit rind, and golden dock, were used as colorants for the preparation of water‐based ink‐jet inks for digital textile printing. The physical and rheological properties (pH, conductivity, surface tension, and viscosity) of the inks were measured over a period of 90 days for the evaluation of ink stability and suitability for ink‐jet printing. The inks were found to be suitable and were used for the digital printing of cotton fabrics. The prints were subjected to wash, light, and rub fastness tests and colour measurements. Colour consistency and fastness results, especially after fixation, are comparable with those of synthetic dyes, which paves the way for the production of environmentally friendly ink‐jet inks using natural dyes for the digital printing of cotton through the formulation of suitable printing techniques.     

Poly(l-lactide-co-?-caprolactone) electrospun nanofibers for encapsulating and sustained releasing proteins

The aim of this study was to investigate coaxial electrospun poly(l-lactide-co-?-caprolactone) [PLLACL] nanofibers for the application in nerve tissue engineering. The hypothesis was that the nanofibrous mats fabricated by coaxial electrospun PLLACL could be effective scaffolds for releasing proteins, such as Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) or/and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), in a sustained manner. To test the hypothesis, the coaxial electrospun nanofibers with PLLACL as the shell and BSA/NGF as the core were characterized. Morphologies and mechanical properties of nanofibrous mats were examined. BSA released behavior was studied. The results demonstrated that BSA could be sustainedly released from coaxial electrospun PLLACL nanofibers, however, BSA released from mix electrospun nanofibers present the burst release behavior. Bioactivity of released NGF from coaxial electrospun nanofibers was verified by testing the differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12).     

Ink-jet printing of micro-emulsion TiO2 nano-particles ink on the surface of glass

A self-cleaning ceramic ink that contains nano-titanium dioxide was formulated. The nano-titanium dioxide was generated through the micro-emulsion process. The physical properties such as surface tension and viscosity of the prepared ink were evaluated. The ink-jet printing was carried out with an Epson Stylus Photo P50 printer on microscope glass slides. The print was set to 1, 3 and 5 runs in order to evaluate variations in wettability and resulting self-cleaning properties with varying thicknesses of the printed film. Following initial drying of the printed self-cleaning microscope glass slides; they were heat-treated at 400 °C. The SEM analysis and contact angle measurements of the printed microscope glass slides were carried out. The thicknesses of the raw printed self-cleaning ceramic inks were increased linearly with the number of printing runs. Ultimately, the results demonstrated that the direct ceramic ink-jet printing method can be used to produce a self-cleaning film on the glass.     

Preparation of antibacterial biocompatible polycaprolactone/keratin nanofibrous mats by electrospinning

Keratin-based materials are widely used in biomedical applications due to excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, keratin was extracted from waste wool fibers and blended with polycaprolactone (PCL) to produce PCL/keratin nanofibrous mats by electrospinning. The electrospun PCL/keratin nanofibrous mats were chlorinated in diluted sodium hypochlorite solution to endow antibacterial properties. The prepared nanofibrous mats were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The effect of the chlorination time on the active chlorine loading of the mats was investigated. The chlorinated PCL/keratin nanofibrous mats with 0.78 ± 0.009 wt% active chlorine displayed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895) with 6.88 and 6.81 log reductions, respectively. It was found that the mats were compatible with mouse fibroblast cells (L929). The chlorinated PCL/keratin nanofibrous mats might find promising applications in the biomedical field.     

Synthesis,characterization, and application of hetarylazo disperse colorants: Preparation and properties of ink-jet inks with active agents for polyester printing

The synthesis and characterization of two hetarylazo disperse colorants are described. These compounds were used for the preparation of ink-jet inks with and without active agents for polyester printing. The viscosity, conductivity, surface tension, and pH of these inks were studied over a period of time and discussed with respect to their structure and the active agent content. The particle size and particle size distribution of a representative ink containing a new synthesized hetarylazo compound were measured. All the prepared inks were proved to be suitable for ink-jet printing in terms of their particle size. Viscosity , surface tension, conductivity, and pH values of all inks, with and without active agent, were monitored over a period of 90 days and were related to the ink stability. The same properties were measured for an ink preparation with a commercial dye for comparison. The inks containing the new synthesized dyes were found to be more advantageous regarding most of the above properties, i.e., surface tension, viscosity, and conductivity. Contrarily pH values of all the preparations were unacceptable for ink-jet inks. The ink compositions containing the new synthesized compounds were applied by exhaustion (dyed) on polyester fabric. Fastness properties of the dyed polyester samples were excellent to very good in most cases. Color measurements of the dyed fabric were also performed. A qualitative determination of the aroma-active agent adsorbed on the fiber by the exhaustion method was achieved by the GC-MS method. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Single‐phase ink‐jet printing onto cotton fabric

The current commercial application of ink‐jet reactive inks to cotton fabrics requires pretreating with pad liquor containing a thickener, urea and alkali prior to printing. In this study, attempts have been made to develop a reactive ink‐jet print in a single‐phase process by adding an organic salt to the ink formulation and hence removing the need to pretreat fabrics. This approach utilises inks containing both a reactive dye, in this case Procion Red H‐E3B, and an organic salt such as sodium formate, sodium acetate, sodium propionate or tri‐sodium citrate. The behaviour of a novel reactive ink formulation for ink‐jet printing on to cotton fabric was evaluated at different pH vlaues. The results at optimum pH indicated that printed non‐pretreated fabrics with ink containing organic salts exhibited a higher level of reactive dye fixation than printed pretreated fabric containing no organic salt ink. The yielded prints demonstrate excellent colour fastness to washing and dry/wet crocking properties. The light fastness of the printed fabrics was improved by adding an organic salt to the ink formulation.     

Enhancing textile ink-jet printing with chitosan

Following on from previous research, the possibility of using chitosan in preparing the pretreatment print paste for textile ink-jet printing was investigated but the final colour was not as good as expected. In this study, chitosan was applied separately on cotton fabric for ink-jet printing. A two-bath method was proposed and it was confirmed that a better colour yield was achieved with this method. However, the use of chitosan reduced the tensile strength of the ink-jet printed fabric slightly.     

In vitro biocompatibility of electrospun silk fibroin mats with Schwann cells

In this study, electrospinning was used to fabricate silk‐fibroin (SF)‐based mats, which served as substrates for the culturing of rat Schwann cells. Microscopic observation and physical parameter measurements revealed that the electrospun SF mats had a nanofibrous structure with favorable physical properties. Fourier transform infrared analysis provided chemical characterization of the molecular confirmation of the SF proteins in the mats. The morphology and immunocytochemistry showed that the mats supported the survival and growth of the cultured Schwann cells, and 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis indicated that the electrospun SF mat extract had no cytotoxic effects on Schwann cell proliferation. Collectively, all of the results suggest that the electrospun SF mats might become a candidate scaffold for tissue‐engineered nerve grafts to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

喷墨技术进展及在电子元件中的应用

喷墨印刷可称之为当前发展最快的印刷技术。为了提高喷墨印刷的质量和扩大喷墨印刷的适用范围,人们正在进行大量的研究和开发工作。本文概要介绍喷墨技术的特点及原理;阐述了喷墨墨滴的产生方法、喷墨油墨以及喷墨介质的性能要求;同时指出了喷墨技术的新进展及其在电子元件中的应用。