利用磷酸镁水泥固化富集型重金属铜和镍研究

利用磷酸镁水泥对富集型重金属铜和镍进行固化研究。对掺入硝酸铜和硝酸镍水泥的抗压强度、铜镍离子浸出质量浓度、水化产物组成等进行测定,观测水泥表面的微观形貌,分析铜镍离子在水泥中的化学态及赋存状态。研究表明：硝酸铜掺量为0~3%（质量分数）时,水泥的抗压强度随着铜离子掺量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当硝酸铜掺量为1%时,水泥7 d抗压强度达到最大值46.05 MPa;硝酸镍掺量为0~3%（质量分数）时,水泥的抗压强度随着镍离子掺量的增加而逐渐减小,当硝酸镍掺量由0增加到3%时,水泥7 d的抗压强度降低了约29%。水泥的密实度与铜镍离子的固化效果直接相关。在硝酸铜和硝酸镍掺量都为3%时,水泥1 d铜离子浸出质量浓度最高为1.95 mg/L、镍离子浸出质量浓度最高为0.97 mg/L,均远低于相关国家标准。铜主要以+2价态的Mg_0.95Cu_0.05O形式存在,镍主要以+2价态的Ni（OH）₂无定形沉淀形式存在。     

高炉水淬渣对电镀废水中重金属和COD吸附的响应面优化

为了考察高炉水淬渣处理实际电镀废水中重金属离子和COD的可行性,分别研究了吸附剂投加量、pH、吸附时间以及温度等单因素对Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺或COD去除率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,应用 Box-Behnken中心组合方法进行三因素三水平试验,建立二次多项数学模型,并验证该模型的有效性。采用响应曲面法探讨吸附剂投加量、pH、吸附时间3个因子的交互作用及其最佳水平。结果表明：在吸附剂投加量为1.4g、pH为8、吸附时间为120min的最优化条件下,电镀废水中Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和COD去除率达到最大,分别为99.35%、98.46%和53.63%。经对最优条件进行验证,预测值与验证实验平均值接近。吸附后废水中的Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺低于GB 21900-2008电镀废水新建企业污染物排放限值要求,而COD没有满足排放要求,所以仅应用高炉水淬渣吸附技术还不足以去除电镀废水中所有有害物质,因此可利用此技术作为辅助工艺,联合其他技术共同去除电镀废水中的重金属离子和有机物,使出水水质达到国家排放标准。     

Influence of additions of coal fly ash and quartz on hydrothermal solidification of blast furnace slag

Blast furnace water-cooled slag (BFWS) has been solidified hydrothermally with tobermorite formation. The experimental results showed that the addition of fly ash and quartz was favorable to the formation of tobermorite, and the strength development of solidified body depended on both of the tobermorite formation and filling degree of formed tobermorite in the spaces between BFWS particles. The fly ash added appeared to have a higher reactivity than the quartz used during the initial hydrothermal processing due to the higher solubility of glassy phase in fly ash. The tobermorite formation seemed to be very sensitive to the fly ash content, e.g., the addition of fly ash 10-20 mass% was favorable to tobermorite formation, while the excessive addition of fly ash (> 20 mass%) appeared to impede the tobermorite formation. The excessive addition of quartz was also shown to exert a negative effect on the tobermorite formation, which causes strength deduction.     

Study on preparation of glass-ceramics from multiple solid waste and coupling mechanism of heavy metals

Solid wastes, such as municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) and tailings, contain a large number of harmful components, which makes harmless and recycling treatment a challenge. Through high-temperature reconstruction, the solid waste containing heavy metals is prepared into glass-ceramics, which is an effective method to realize the harmless and resource utilization of solid waste. In this work, glass-ceramics were successfully prepared by using MSWI FA, waste glass, and lead-zinc tailings. The utilization rate of solid waste reached 91.74%. The coupling mechanism of heavy metals with Fe as the dominant factor and Zn, Cu, and Pb coexisting was explored. The results showed that the critical threshold of sintering temperature was 1000 °C. The properties of glass-ceramics can be greatly optimized when the temperature was higher than 1000 °C. Fe played a leading role in the migration and solidification process. Because of its higher displacement capacity, Fe was preferentially solidified in the form of hedenbergite and magnetite. Zn, Cu, and Pb solidified in the form of (Mg,Fe,Zn,Cu)Fe₂O₄ and Pb²⁺ respectively. The order of stabilization effect was Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb. All leaching concentrations of heavy metals were lower than the standard threshold, even if the heavy metals reached 20 wt%.     

Glass-ceramics produced from thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display waste glass and blast oxygen furnace slag

This study employed waste glass from thin-film transistor liquid-crystal displays (TFT-LCD) and slag from a basic oxygen furnace (BOF) to produce CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ (CMAS) glass-ceramics through vitrification and further heat treatment of compacts of the obtained glass powders for densification and crystallization. CMAS glass-ceramics are known for their excellent mechanical and dielectric properties. MgO and Al₂O₃ were selected as modifying agents to ensure that the composition of the wastes featured these important characteristics.     

重金属市政污泥固化稳定化技术研究

对某污水处理站产生的污泥进行固化稳定化处理,测定其无侧限抗压强度、水稳定性、重金属浸出毒性、渗透性等指标。实验表明,处理后污泥无侧限抗压强度可达0.2 MPa,水稳定性无明显变化,重金属浸出浓度低于毒性鉴别标准值,渗透性满足填埋指标要求。     

Preparation and properties of the glass-ceramics from low Ti-bearing blast furnace slag and waste glass

Ti-bearing blast furnace slag is a typical silicate material, which can be an important component for the preparation of silicate-based glass-ceramics. Quartz-based waste glass is commonly used as an additive to adjust the basicity of slag-based glass-ceramics. In this study, the quartz-based waste glasses were added to the Ti-bearing blast furnace slag to prepare the mixed solid waste glass-ceramics. The effects of waste glass content and heat treatment temperatures on the crystallization and performances of the prepared glass-ceramics were investigated. The results showed that as the waste glass content increased, the crystallization ability of the glass was weakened. Fassaite and nepheline were identified as the dominant crystalline phases in the prepared glass-ceramics and mainly featured a combination of both massive and dendritic forms. With increasing the heat treatment temperatures, the size of dendritic crystals first increased and then decreased. The optimal experimental conditions were identified as a waste glass content of 45%, a crystallization temperature of 900°C, and a nucleation temperature of 730°C. Under these conditions, the prepared glass-ceramics exhibited good crystalline phase distribution and excellent mechanical properties, including a Vickers hardness of 991.67 MPa and a flexural strength of 89.81 MPa. All the prepared solid waste-based glass-ceramics exhibited excellent chemical durabilities.     

钠基膨润土对重金属离子的吸附特征

探讨了在不同振荡时间、不同溶液重金属离子浓度、不同矿物颗粒细度和不同pH值条件下,钠基膨润土对Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附效果,讨论了钠基膨润土对重金属离子吸附的影响因素。结果表明:重金属离子在钠基膨润土表面的吸附是个迅速的过程,钠基膨润土对重金属的吸附在10 min内即可达最大值。钠基膨润土不同颗粒细度对重金属离子的去除率有所不同,但并非颗粒越细吸附量越大。就试验的3种重金属离子而言,钠基膨润土对其吸附效果均很好。较高的pH值有助于钠基膨润土对溶液中重金属离子的吸附,但考虑到实际操作的其它因素,不能把pH值调得过高。     

高温熔融高炉渣颗粒相变冷却特性分析

采用温度法模型对高温熔融高炉渣颗粒的相变冷却特性进行了分析,考虑颗粒固液相热导率随温度的变化及颗粒与环境的辐射换热,获得了高温熔渣颗粒内的温度分布以及相界面位置随时间的推移过程。讨论了变热导率、换热条件、颗粒尺寸,冷却流体速度和温度对相变冷却过程的影响,结果表明：热导率的变化使得颗粒冷却凝固时间延长,高温辐射换热极大加快了冷却速率;颗粒直径增加,相界面移动速度降低,凝固时间增加;冷却流体速度增加,温度降低,相界面移动速度增加,凝固时间缩短。     

粒化高炉矿渣的水化机理探讨

以上海梅山钢铁公司的矿渣为研究对象,探讨粒化高炉矿渣在无激发剂存在的条件下的水化机理,并建立矿渣水化反应过程的化学模型。为矿渣的大规模、无害化、资源化和高附加值利用奠定理论基础。研究表明:在没有化学激发剂存在的条件下,梅山矿渣的水化产物是水化硅酸钙C2SH(C)、水化硅酸钙2CaO·SiO·(2￣4)HO和钙铝黄长石22Ca2Al(Al,Si)2O7。初期的水化过程是矿渣中的Ca2 等网络改变体阳离子与水中的H之间的置换,随着这种置换反应的进 行,溶液中的pH值不断升高,当pH高到一定程度时,矿渣颗粒表面上的HSiO4的溶解度将提高,溶解了的各种形态4的硅酸离子和溶液中的Ca2 、OH反应生成水化硅酸钙凝胶。     

碱激发胶凝材料固化/稳定化土壤重金属研究进展

碱激发胶凝材料作为一种新型铝硅酸盐无机聚合物胶凝材料,其特殊的水化反应机理和水化产物使其在固化/稳定化有毒重金属离子领域得到了广泛应用.阐述了碱激发胶凝材料的反应产物、结构性能和反应机理,综述了碱激发胶凝材料对砷、汞、镉、铅、锌以及多种重金属协同的固化/稳定化方式.研究现状表明,目前尚未对碱激发胶凝材料进行详细分类,碱...     

熔渣颗粒空冷相变换热的三维数值模拟

利用VOF方法结合凝固和熔化模型对熔渣颗粒在空气流中的冷却相变过程进行了三维数值模拟,讨论了熔渣颗粒直径和空气速度对冷却凝固过程演变的影响。结果表明：空冷方法能够实现熔渣颗粒表面的快速凝固成型,但同时也造成了颗粒内部的非均匀凝固。熔渣直径越小,完全凝固时间越短;空气流速越大时, 其表面换热越强, 完全冷却时间越短。颗粒初温为1673.15 K、直径为0.5~2 mm,风速为1~5 m·s^-1条件下熔渣颗粒在2 s内释放出全部凝固热,后续空气最高温度能达到900 K以上。     

Adsorption of Pb2+ on blast furnace sludge

An evaluation of the applicability of blast furnace sludge, generated during the purification of blast furnace gases, as an adsorbent to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents is presented. The influence of residence time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of the sludge is studied for the particular case of Pb²⁺. The adsorption data, which fit the Langmuir equation well, show that the blast furnace sludge has a high adsorption capability, up to 80 mg Pb per g dried sludge at saturation. The order of magnitude of the adsorption enthalpy, calculated from the apparent equilibrium constant, indicates that the adsorption of Pb²⁺ on the sludge is of a physical nature. XPS and EDAX analysis suggest that the physical adsorption process partially occurs through ionic exchange between Pb²⁺ and other ions such as Ca²⁺. Techniques exist for the recovery of metallic iron and either metallic lead or lead oxide from the sludge. The rendering of sludge into pellets, followed by their controlled heating, allows not only the extraction of these metals, but also makes use of the coke within the sludge. These techniques are clearly interesting alternatives to the dumping of this toxic and hazardous waste.     

The availability and binding of heavy metals in compost derived from household waste

Organic waste can be recycled as compost which has traditionally been used as a soil improver. As more waste is recycled as compost, it is becoming increasingly important to find alternative uses for compost. Leachability data are used to determine the environmental availability of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contained in natural compost. Batch sorption data are used to determine uptake of additional Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn by compost and assess its potential use in remediation work, as an alternative to natural materials such as peat. The relative binding of these additional metals to compost is found to be in the order Pb > Cd ≈ Cu > Zn. The sorption of metals on compost takes place, at least in part, by exchange of calcium bound to the compost and there is evidence that the sorption occurs in both humic and non‐humic sites in the compost. The use of compost to bind metals in remediation work is discussed. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Preparation,characterization and self-foaming mechanism of total-tailings-based foamed glass-ceramics

A kind of foamed glass-ceramics (FGC) that can be used in the construction field was synthesized by self-foaming technology using untreated phosphorus tailings (PT) and coal gangue (CG) as raw materials in this study. The effects of PT addition and sintering temperature on the phase transformation, microstructure, and properties of FGC were explored, also its self-foaming mechanism during the sintering process was revealed. The results showed that FGC with 80 wt.% PT addition had the best comprehensive performances when treated at 1150 °C, whose porosity was 61.6%, bulk density was 1.04 g/cm³, and compressive strength was 10.11 MPa. Based on the theoretical calculation, CaO and K₂O included in the tailings acted as sintering aids, promoting the formation of a glassy phase, which increased the pore size and solidified Ba²⁺ and Ni²⁺ within FGC. The pore formation mechanism included in-situ pore formation caused by the combustion of C and the gas released by the reduction of Fe₂O₃ was wrapped by the glassy phase. This self-foaming synthesized FGC from total tailings provided a novel approach to the high-value utilization of tailings and the development of novel environmentally friendly construction materials.     

化妆品中重金属快速检测方法现状及探讨

介绍了化妆品中重金属的来源、危害,比较了目前各国化妆品中重金属的限量要求,并综述了化妆品中重金属的一些常规检测方法和快速检测方法,列举了化妆品外其他样品中重金属的快速检测方法,为建立化妆品快速检测提供参考。     

泥炭吸附法去除废水中重金属

介绍了天然廉价矿物泥炭的物理化学性质,综述了泥炭的改性方法及其对多种重金属离子的吸附容量．分析了pH、改性方法、竞争离子浓度等因素的影响。并对泥炭吸附重金属离子的机理和规律进行了总结．其吸附机理有离子交换、络合、表面吸附、化学吸附等四种,吸附一般符合Langmuir吸附等温式或Freundlich吸附等温式。最后展望了泥炭在重金属废水处理中的应用前景,提出了一些建议。     

新型磷酸镁水泥固化挥发型重金属锌的研究

利用新型磷酸镁水泥对挥发型重金属锌做固化研究。通过测定磷酸镁水泥的抗压强度、Zn ²⁺的浸出毒性、水化产物的组成,观察固化后水泥表面微观结构,分析了锌在磷酸镁水泥中的赋存状态及化学态,以此来探究新型磷酸镁水泥对重金属锌的固化效果及机理。结果表明：Zn ²⁺的掺量由0增至4%（质量分数,下同）时,56 d龄期的抗压强度降低了21.9%。当Zn ²⁺掺量为4%时,1 d龄期的浸出质量浓度达最大值6.6 mg/L。Zn ²⁺抑制磷酸镁水泥的水化过程,磷酸镁水泥对锌的固化作用包括物理包覆和化学结合。锌主要以Zn₂（PO₄）（OH）沉淀物质形态被固化在水泥中,Zn ²⁺经磷酸镁水泥固化后+2价态并未改变。     

改性氧化石墨烯对废水中重金属的吸附

简述了石墨烯的基本结构以及氧化石墨烯在结构上的优越性。概述了氧化石墨烯的主要改性方法。针对不同的影响因素,总结了改性氧化石墨烯对废水中重金属的吸附效果。对去除水体中重金属的反应机理进行了归纳,指出了改性氧化石墨烯目前应用在污水处理中存在的问题及应用前景。