Gaussian Beam Summation Representation of a Two-Dimensional Gaussian Beam Diffraction by a Half Plane

A Gaussian beam summation (GBS) representation for half plane diffraction of an incident two dimensional Gaussian beam (GB) that hits arbitrarily close to the edge is presented. The scattered field is expanded into an angular spectrum of GBs that emerge from the edge. We derive asymptotic expressions for the diffracted beams amplitudes, that are valid uniformly as a function of the distance of the incident beam from the edge and of the scattering beams angles. In the limiting cases when the incident GB hits far from the edge, these expressions reduce uniformly to a geometrical optics model plus a weak edge diffractions due to the off-axis beam field that hits the edge. Applications to GBS modeling of indoor propagation are discussed.     

高斯光束通过非线性梯度折射率透镜的传输特性

基于无像差自聚焦理论,使用ABCD定律导出了高斯光束在非线性梯度折射率介质中的解析传输公式。采用矩阵光学方法研究了高斯光束通过非线性梯度折射率透镜的传输特性。结果表明,介质的非线性性和非均匀性、激光功率及入射光束参数影响其传输特性。     

涡旋光束经过散射介质产生散斑的理论和实验研究

研究了涡旋光束经过散射介质后形成的散斑特性 ．运用概率统计理论和光束传输理论,模 拟了不同拓扑电荷数的涡旋光束经过散射介质后形成的散斑,以及散射介质颗粒尺度对散斑 特性的影响。模拟结 果表明,随着涡旋光束拓扑电荷数的增大和散射介质颗粒尺度减小,形成 的散斑颗粒尺寸逐渐减小。实验上,利用螺旋相位板(SPP)产生涡旋光束,使其透过散射介 质后形成散斑。实验结果 表明,涡旋光束经过散射介质后,随着散射介质颗粒尺度减小,形成的散斑对比度逐渐增大 ;随着涡旋光束拓 扑电荷数的增大或散射介质颗粒的减小,所形成散斑的尺寸减小。实验结果与模拟结果 相吻合。     

Beam propagation in tapered quadratic index waveguides: Numerical solutions

A Gaussian beam of light propagating through a quadratic lenslike medium remains Gaussian, even if all of the parameters of the medium vary along the propagation path. Exact numerical techniques are described for investigating the propagation of Gaussian beams in practical tapered fiber-optical waveguides. Solutions are obtained for off-axis beams in tapers which in general may also have quadratic radial loss variations.     

Electromagnetic THz Radiation Modeling by DPSM

THz or T-ray imaging and spectroscopy are becoming increasingly popular nondestructive evaluation techniques for damage detection and characterization of materials. In order to understand the interaction between the T-ray electromagnetic waves and dielectric media a reliable model of electromagnetic wave propagation through dielectric materials must be developed. A recently developed semi-analytical method called the distributed point source method (DPSM) is extended to model electromagnetic wave propagation in THz range. Since T-ray signals generated by emitters or sources are close to Gaussian beams, the DPSM modeling is carried out for Gaussian beams generated by finite sized emitters. The DPSM generated results are compared with the analytical and experimental results. T-ray propagation in layered structures in absence of any anomaly and the interaction between the Gaussian beam and the spherical scatterer are also investigated.     

基于高斯光束与射线追踪的短波波场计算算法

短波通信中几何光学理论难以计算焦散波场的传播问题,提出一种基于高斯光束的短波传播计算算法.首先,采用高斯光束法将产生高频波场的波源分解为若干个高斯光束;然后,通过射线追踪法与拉格朗日公式计算每个高斯光束,通过沿光束中心射线的ODE(常微分方程)计算曲率与光束宽度等定量;最终,采用泰勒展开式决定中心射线附近光束的贡献度,将接收点附近的高斯光束进行加权求和,获得接收端的波场.实验结果表明,本算法可有效地计算焦散的短波传播,并且与几何光学法的误差极为接近.     

Scattered and internal intensity of a sphere illuminated with aGaussian beam

A method of calculating the internal and scattered electric fields of a spherical dielectric object illuminated with a Gaussian beam is presented. The vector nature of the beam is considered. The fields satisfy Maxwell's equations, and the beam can be located arbitrarily with respect to the object. A polarized Gaussian beam is first represented as an angular spectrum of plane waves. These waves are then expanded in vector spherical harmonics. Although the details of the expansion are presented for a lowest-order Gaussian beam, the method can be applied to any wave which can be expressed as a sum of homogeneous plane waves. The interaction of an arbitrarily located Gaussian beam with a spherical object is analyzed using the T-matrix method. Calculated results for beams having waists much smaller than the radius of the sphere help in visualizing how a narrow beam reflects and refracts at the spherical dielectric interfaces. The combination of the plane-wave spectrum technique and the T-matrix method can be applied to the problem of an arbitrary beam interacting with an axisymmetric, nonspherical, homogeneous or layered object     

A hybrid FEM-based procedure for the scattering from photoniccrystals illuminated by a Gaussian beam

We provide an efficient numerical procedure for evaluating the field scattered by two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystals when they are illuminated by Gaussian beams. In particular, the incident Gaussian beam is interpreted as a spectrum of both homogeneous and inhomogeneous plane waves. The scattering of each plane wave is analyzed by resorting to a hybrid technique combining the finite-element method (FEM) with a Floquet modal expansion. Moreover, by applying the standard saddle point method, the evaluation of the field at a specific point of the exterior medium is reduced to the contribution of the fundamental Floquet mode of a single plane wave belonging to the incident spectrum, strongly enhancing the numerical efficiency     

非Kolmogorov大气湍流对高斯阵列光束光强闪烁的影响

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅尔原理,采用Rytov方法推导了径向分布高斯阵列光束在非Kolmogorov湍流大气中传输时的光强闪烁指数表达式,分析了径向半径r0、光束个数N、广义指数及传输距离L对轴上和离轴闪烁指数的影响。结果表明:轴上和离轴闪烁指数随着的增加均先增大后减小,值得注意的是不同的r0光束的闪烁指数达到极大值所对应的略有不同,轴上闪烁指数随着r0的增大达到极大值所对应的呈减小趋势,而离轴闪烁指数随着r0的增大达到极大值所对应的呈增大趋势;光轴附近各阵列光束的闪烁指数小于高斯光束的闪烁指数,随着px的增大阵列光束闪烁指数将大于高斯光束闪烁指数。当r0相同时N越大闪烁指数越小,当N相同时闪烁指数随r0的增大非单调变化,而是存在一个极小值。     

Beam scattering of the Luneberg lens by a complex source point

The complex source point method and vector mode function expansion are used to calculate the electromagnetic beam scattering by the Luneberg lens. A six-layered medium with different radii is considered as a model of the Luneberg lens. A comparison between the well-known numerical result in the Cartesian coordinate system and the new numerical one in the vector mode function is made for the incident Gaussian beam propagation in free space. The propagation properties are in good agreement with each other. The total electric field distributions along the transversal and longitudinal axes are examined for scattering by the Luneberg lens, whose dimension is assumed to be comparable with the beam width. The focusing effect of the Gaussian beam is much lower than that of the plane wave. The spot size focused by the Luneberg lens almost equals the wavelength for the various beam parameters including the plane wave.     

Experimental measurement of scintillation index of vortex beams propagating in turbulent atmosphere

A microwave photonic link(MPL)with high spurious-free dynamic range(SFDR)is proposed and analyzed.The optical carrier is divided equally into two paths.The path 1 is modulated by radio frequency(RF)signals in a Mach-Zehnder modulator(MZM),and the phase of path 2 is controlled before the combination with path 1.By properly adjusting the phase difference of the two paths with the optical phase shifter,the third-order intermodulation distortion(IMD3)can be significantly suppressed.A proof-of-concept simulation is carried out.The results show that a reduction of 40 d B in the IMD3 and an improvement of 21.1 d B in the SFDR are achieved as compared with the conventional MZM-based MPL.The proposed MPL shows the advantages of simple structure,low cost and high efficiency.     

大气湍流对拉盖尔-高斯光束传播质量的影响

为了从系统的角度研究大气湍流对涡旋光束传播 质量的影响,根据广义惠更斯-菲涅尔积分和Kolmogorov湍流大气原理,利 用傅里叶光学分析方法和光束分步传播法对携带有轨道角动量(OAM)的 拉盖尔-高斯(LG)光束在湍流大气中的传播进行理论分析与数值仿真, 导出角谱形式的衍射模型及其对应的抽样限制条件。利用桶中功率(PIB,power in bucket)计算方法,分析湍流强度对不同OAM值的LG光束质量的 影响;引入高斯光束和点光源,对比评估典型光束的抗湍流能力。数值仿真结果表明:受大 气湍流影响,随着LG光束在湍流大气 中传播距离增加,光束会聚能力变弱有明显扩散;光束本身特有的环状光强分布及其相应的 相位分布都受到不同程度的破坏,损伤 程度与光束本身携带的OAM数有关;点光源对湍流的影响最为敏 感;高斯光束具有与小OAM值的LG光束相比拟的抗 湍流能力,且比大OAM数的LG光束有更强的抗湍流能力。     

Gaussian beam as a bundle of complex rays

It is observed that the function G(P)=eikr/r, where r is the distance from the observation point P to a fixed point having a complex location, represents the field of a Gaussian beam. This can be used to justify, without further computation, the application of formulas of ordinary optics to the transformation of beams through optical systems. It can also be used to solve very simply some problems of diffraction and scattering of Gaussian beams.     

有关光束质量的若干基本问题及其新进展

提出并研究了光束传输领域有待解决的三类基本问题：１）光束质量的定义及实际测量方法比较；２）任意光束经实际光学系统的传输；３）任意实际光束的非线性传输。主要着重于提出解决问题的方法，具体地以高斯随机变量模拟位相畸变，解析地分析了光束质量与位相畸变特征量间的关联；以按空间频谱展开方法，处理任意光束的非线性谐波转换过程。     

受硬边光阑限制的拉盖尔-高斯光束的M2因子--自收敛束宽法及其与渐近分析法的比较

将自收敛束宽法用于研究硬边衍射二维拉盖尔 高斯光束的光束参数传输规律和M2 因子。对所得结果作了分析并与用渐近分析法的计算结果作了比较。研究表明 ,自收敛束宽法本质上仍是基于由功率含量百分比确定的截断二阶矩法 ,对两种方法的一致性作了讨论     

Quasi-optical techniques

The basic theory of quasi-optical Gaussian beam propagation and beam transformation by simple optical elements is summarized, and coupling to and between Gaussian beams is briefly discussed. Guidelines for Gaussian optics system design are reviewed, the most important being beam truncation and matching. Passive components in the terahertz frequency range based on quasi-optical propagation, including polarization processors, filters, diplexers, and ferrite devices, are examined. Some active quasi-optical devices, including multielement oscillators, frequency multipliers, and phase shifters, are described. Some specific applications of quasi-optical systems are briefly described     

自锁模钛宝石激光器的谐振腔设计

对自锁模掺钛宝石激光器的原理作了较详细的描述，指出克尔透镜效应是形成自锁模的主要原因。在自聚焦理论基础上，从无象散近似出发．推导出钛宝石棒的非线性矩阵，由此得出钛宝石激光器的谐振腔设计方法，并且讨论了谐振腔稳定性对自锁模的影响、软光阑与硬光间的不同之处以及腔内的群速度色散补偿。最后，将计算结果与实验作了比较．两者符合得很好。     

高斯光束通过倾斜光学元件的变换特性

基于广义惠更斯菲涅耳衍射积分,对高斯光束通过倾斜透镜后的传输特性作了研究,推导出了它的传输方程,并与离轴高斯光束通过透镜的变换做了比较,得到一些有意义的结果,以M2因子和桶中功率为参数分析了偏轴高斯光束的光束质量。     

聚焦部分相干平顶涡旋光束对瑞利粒子的捕获

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅尔原理和瑞利散射理论,推导了聚焦部分相干平顶涡旋(partially coherent flat-topped vortex, PCFTV)光束作用在瑞利微粒上辐射力的表达式,主要研究聚焦PCFTV光束对不同折射率的两种粒子的捕获情况。研究结果表明,聚焦PCFTV光束可以在焦点处捕获高折射率和低折射率的粒子。随着光束阶数的增大以及相关长度的减小,光束对微粒的捕获能力增强。所得结果对PCFTV光束应用于光学操控具有一定的意义。     

Steady-state coherent Raman beam combining with multiaxial mode lasers

Forward-stimulated Raman scattering can be used to combine multiple broad-band pump beams into a single coherent Stokes wave. In this paper, the equations of motion for the Stokes electric field are derived in the presence of multiple pump waves propagating at slightly different angles with respect to the Stokes propagation direction. The solutions with pump depletion are presented for fully coherent pump waves. It is shown that the Raman gain is lower for incoherent pump waves than for coherent pump waves. Stokes field solutions are used to evaluate the far-field intensity of the Stokes output from a saturated Raman beam combiner. It is shown that the condition for coherent combination depends on the beam diameter, pump coherence length, and the angle between the pump and the Stokes. It is also shown that multiaxial mode Raman shifting can generate Stokes waves with higher beam quality than the pump waves, both with phase perturbed or highly distorted pump beams.