矿物掺合料对胶凝材料浆体流变性能和触变性的影响

基于大流态混凝土配合比,研究了各种矿物掺合料对胶凝材料浆体的流变性能和触变性的影响。结果表明:通过流变仪转速阶梯变化制度构建稳定的浆体流动状态,并利用转换方程可进行浆体流变性能参数的有效测量和计算。胶凝材料浆体的流变性能符合Bingham模型。粉煤灰和粉煤灰微珠均能降低浆体的屈服应力、塑性黏度和触变性,粉煤灰微珠作用效果更为明显;硅灰能增大浆体的屈服应力、塑性黏度和触变性;磨细矿渣粉会降低浆体的屈服应力和触变性,提高浆体的塑性黏度。在进行大流态混凝土配合比设计时应综合考虑矿物掺合料对新拌混凝土流变性能的影响。     

水泥-粉煤灰-石灰石粉复合浆体的流变性能

采用Rheolab QC型旋转黏度计研究了水泥–粉煤灰–石灰石粉复合浆体的流变性能,分析了不同粉体含量以及石灰石粉颗粒粒径对复合浆体屈服应力、塑性黏度以及触变性的影响。结果表明:复合浆体中石灰石粉掺量增大或颗粒粒径减小,浆体屈服应力、塑性黏度和触变性均增大;随剪切速率增大,水泥–粉煤灰–石灰石粉复合浆体发生显著的剪切稀化现象,随后塑性黏度渐趋稳定,掺入石灰石粉后,提高了浆体由剪切稀化向塑性黏度逐渐稳定时需要的剪切速率;在水泥–粉煤灰体系浆体中掺入质量分数为20%～40%石灰石粉能够显著改善浆体的流变性能,提高浆体的稳定性。     

粉煤灰对水泥浆体的剪切变稀和剪切增稠作用

采用RHEOLAB QC型旋转黏度计测试了粉煤灰掺量对水泥浆体流变行为的影响,采用HERSCHEL-BULKEY(H-B)流变模型对所测数据进行了拟合。结果表明:浆体流变曲线中有1个拐点,拐点所对应的流变参数为临界剪切速率(γcrit)、临界剪切应力(τcrit)和最小黏度值(ηmin),拐点左右两侧的浆体可分为剪切变稀和剪切增稠2个阶段。纯水泥浆体在较大的剪切速率下仍表现为剪切变稀。掺入粉煤灰后,浆体的γcrit、τcrit和ηmin均较纯水泥浆体降低,当粉煤灰掺量大于40%以后,浆体在较低临界剪切速率下出现了剪切增稠。在剪切变稀阶段,当粉煤灰掺量不大于50%时,增大粉煤灰掺量则浆体的流变指数显著降低,当粉煤灰掺量大于50%时,增加粉煤灰掺量,浆体流变指数增大,但均低于纯水泥浆体的流变指数;在剪切增稠阶段,随粉煤灰掺量的增加,浆体的流变指数增大,浆体剪切增稠的程度也增大。粉煤灰的掺入增大了剪切变稀阶段浆体剪切变稀的程度,也增大了剪切增稠阶段浆体剪切增稠的程度。     

绿色生态混凝土胶凝材料浆体的流变性能

采用25 mm平行板式流变仪对水胶比为0.29的单掺粉煤灰(FA)、单掺矿渣(SG)以及粉煤灰和矿渣复掺的水泥基胶凝材料浆体进行了流变性能测试,基于H-B流变模型,并采用Matlab软件编程对试验数据进行了拟合.试验结果表明:单掺粉煤灰的水泥基胶凝材料浆体呈现先剪切增稠后剪切变稀行为,而单掺矿渣的水泥基胶凝材料浆体呈现先剪切变稀后剪切增稠行为;粉煤灰与矿渣复掺后粉煤灰对水泥基胶凝材料浆体流变性能的影响比矿渣的影响更大.同时得出了粉煤灰、矿渣单掺时以及粉煤灰与矿渣复掺时不同掺量条件下水泥基胶凝材料浆体的表征参数值.研究结果还表明:FA∶ SG为1∶1复掺等量取代水泥30％组成的水泥基胶凝材料浆体,其屈服应力值较小,而粘度相对较大,为绿色生态混凝土目标孔隙率的实现奠定了理论基础.     

低水胶比下水泥基材料流动度影响因素研究

在低水胶比条件下,复掺超细矿粉和粉煤灰优级于单掺硅灰;水胶比和胶砂比是影响浆体流动度和流变性能的重要因素。     

循环流化床粉煤灰对矸石胶结充填材料性能的影响

为充分利用循环流化床粉煤灰(CFA),应用CFA制备矸石胶结充填材料.考察了粉煤灰-水泥体系的净浆流动度、流变特性和自由膨胀率随CFA掺量的变化规律,以及CFA对充填材料工作性和力学性能的影响规律,探讨应用CFA制备充填材料的可行性.结果 表明:粉煤灰-水泥体系复合浆体的流变模型仍为Bingham流体模型,而随着CFA掺量增大,塑性粘度增大,流动度降低,浆体流动性变差.掺加0％ ～ 60％的CFA,能够制备出性能良好的充填材料.在CFA掺量低于60％时,新拌浆体的坍落度、扩展度、含气量降低幅度较小,泌水情况减少,充填材料工作性可完全满足工程设计;新拌浆体硬化后孔隙率更低,力学性能良好.应用CFA制备充填材料具备可行性.     

湿法超细研磨中无机材料浆体的流变性研究

概述了无机材料超细粉体机械研磨制备中浆体的流变性能、流变性能的表征方法和流变学行为的经验方程模型.对影响超细粉浆体流变性能的参数(如固相含量、颗粒粒径和分布、形状、温度、pH值及分散剂)进行了讨论.对浆料流变学性能进行最优化以提高超细粉体的产量,降低能耗,提高产品细度.提出了今后的研究重点应放在湿法超细研磨过程中分散剂种类及用量对浆体流变学性能改变机理的研究,并建立可描述浆体流变性能与粉碎参数、分散剂用量、能耗和颗粒大小的数学关系.     

矿物掺合料对减水剂作用效果的影响

总结了各种矿物掺合料对减水剂作用效果影响方面的最新研究进展。结果表明:硅灰、沸石粉、偏高岭土、煤矸石等会降低减水剂的塑化效果;优质粉煤灰和矿渣粉与减水剂同时使用,可以增加浆体的流动度、减少流动度损失、增加黏聚性、减少泌水,改善减水剂的作用效果;同时掺加粉煤灰、矿渣粉与高效减水剂的浆体,其流变性能要优于高效减水剂与单一掺合料复合掺加的浆体;根据超叠加理论,应把几种矿物掺合料复合在一起掺加到混凝土拌合物中,利用不同粒径掺合料互相紧密填充的物理效应,达到取长补短的目的。并对各种矿物掺合料影响减水剂作用效果的机理进行了阐述。     

光固化ZrO2陶瓷料浆的流变性能研究

围绕陶瓷粉体在光敏树脂中的分散,研究了粉体性质、分散剂种类及其掺加量、固含量对光固化ZrO2陶瓷料浆流变性能的影响.结果表明:粉体性质对料浆的流变性能有着显著影响,比表面积小、球形度高的ZrO2陶瓷粉体更有利于配制低粘度、高固含量的料浆;料浆的流变性能以及稳定性主要受分散剂种类及其掺加量的控制,以相对粉体质量4％的X-...     

粉煤灰对压浆混凝土性能的影响

本文围绕压浆混凝土的施工工艺性能及其强度，讨论了粉煤灰对上述两种性能的影响，并配制出性能优良的压浆混凝土     

低品位粉煤灰的改性及其对水泥浆体强度和自收缩的影响

采用石灰石粉对低品位粉煤灰进行煅烧改性,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法对改性粉煤灰的矿物组成和化学组成进行表征.同时测定了掺改性粉煤灰的水泥浆体的抗压强度和自收缩,并采用背散射扫描电镜和压汞测孔仪研究了掺改性粉煤灰水泥浆体的微观结构.结果表明,粉煤灰经煅烧改性生成了水硬性矿物β-C2S,水化可生成CSH凝胶,改善了等外粉煤灰颗粒与水泥基体的界面粘接,降低了复合水泥浆体的孔隙率和自收缩,提高了复合水泥浆体的强度.     

Hydration of fly ash-portland cements

Hydration products of fly ash-portland cements were studied with x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as part of a continuing research effort to understand the pozzolanic activity of fly ashes. It was found that the amount of calcium hydroxide crystals in the cement pastes is diminished due to the addition of fly ash to the cement. Ettringite was produced in the early age, and the consumption of sulfate by the formation of ettringite was accelerated by the addition of fly ash. A partial conversion of ettringite to monosulfate within the first 7 days of hydration in the fly ash-portland cement pastes, but the formation of ettringite continued to form up to at least 28 days of hydration in the pastes without fly ash. Examination of the fly ash bearing pastes showed, in all cases, varying amounts of calcium hydroxide and unreacted portland cement, with minor quartz and gehlenite hydrate. It appears that hydration reactions actually occur in the fly ash cement pastes more or less on a particle-by-particle basis.     

Effect of particle size distribution of fly ash-cement system on the fluidity of cement pastes

This paper investigates the effect of particle size distribution of fly ash-cement system on the fluidity of the cement pastes using class F fly ash collected from the hopper attached to an electrostatic precipitator when the burning conditions and types of coal are changed at a coal-fired power plant. The unburned carbon content of fly ashes used in the experiment is less than 1.5%. To prevent the unburned carbon in fly ashes from affecting the fluidity of the pastes, polycarboxylic acid plasticizer with more saturation amount is added into the pastes for experimentation. The particle size distribution of fly ash-cement system is analyzed using n value of Rosin-Rammler function and the n value is derived with a nonlinear least squares fitting method. As the result, it is shown that the fluidity increases as the particle size distribution becomes wider, i.e., as n value gets smaller.     

Effects of three Turkish fly ashes on the heat of hydration of PC-FA pastes

Effects of the type and amount of fly ash substitution on the heat of hydration of portland cement-fly ash pastes were investigated. Three Turkish fly ashes were used. One of them was a high-calcium and the other two were low-calcium fly ashes. The specimens contained 0, 10, 20, and 40% fly ash by weight of portland cement. The tests were carried out as described in ASTM C 186 however one separate set of specimens were first subjected to an early external temperature of 67±2°C for six hours followed by the standard temperature until time of test. The results revealed that the low-calcium fly ashes, regardless of their type, reduce the heat evolution when used for partial cement replacement. The high-calcium fly ash, on the other hand, does not produce significant changes in the heat of hydration.     

不同品质粉煤灰在砂浆中减水效应及强度规律的研究

选取甘肃地区4种不同品质的粉煤灰,研究各粉煤灰的减水率和同流动度条件下砂浆的强度.结果表明:粉煤灰的品质对砂浆的减水效果和强度有较大的影响,品质较优的FA1、FA2减水效应、各龄期砂浆强度均高于品质较劣的FK3、FA4.粉煤灰水泥砂浆抗压强度与粉煤灰减水率两者之间具有负线性相关.粉煤灰减水效果越好,其与强度的线性关联度...     

An examination of the ASTM Lime Pozzolanic Activity Test for class C fly ashes

The role of the type of calcium hydroxide (“lime”) used in the ASTM C 311-81 Lime Pozzolanic Activity Test (LPAT) has been studied. Three types of lime (reagent grade Ca(OH)₂, a commercial lime and a mixture of the reagent grade lime and MgO) were used with four fly ashes (three Class C and one Class F) in the LPAT. The same four fly ashes were used in the ASTM Cement Pozzolanic Activity Test. The formation of crystalline reaction products in the lime test was monitored by x-ray powder diffraction. All three Class C fly ashes failed to meet the LPAT seven-day 800 psi compressive strength criterion when the reagent grade lime was used but all three passed the test when the other two types of lime were used. X-ray diffractograms of pastes cured for three days at 55°C showed different reaction products formed from the pastes containing reagent grade lime compared to the other two lime sources. It is proposed that impurities in the commercial lime play a key role in determining the pozzolanic activity of Class C fly ashes.     

Effect of Fly Ashes with High Total Alkali Content on the Alkalinity of the Pore Solution of Hydrated Portland Cement Paste

The influence of two Spanish fly ashes (ASTM class F) with high total alkali content (equivalent to 2.0% and 2.6% Na₂O) on the alkalinity levels of the pore solutions expressed from hydrated portland cement pastes was studied during a period of 90 days from mixing. Mixtures with 0%, 15%, and 35% replacement of cement by fly ash were prepared with a water/mixture ratio of 0. 4. The effect of the fly ash on the pore solution depended mainly on the age and fineness of the fly ash.     

水泥中氧化镁的膨胀机理

本文探讨了轻烧镁砂(MgO)在不同水泥浆体中的膨胀特性,并借助于水化热仪、DTA、DSC、XRD、OM和EM对MgO在不同碱度NaOH溶液和水泥浆体中的水化及其产物Mg(OH)_2的结晶特性进行了较为详细的研究。在此基础上,提出了MgO在水泥中的膨胀机理,并据此建立了膨胀模型。研究结果表明,水泥中MgO的膨胀起因于Mg(OH)_2晶体的生成和长大。膨胀在很大程度上取决于生成的Mg(OH)_2晶体所占据的位置,其次还取决于Mg(OH)_2晶体的尺寸。浆体膨胀的直接推动力为极细小Mg(OH)_2晶体的吸水肿胀力和Mg(OH)_2晶体的结晶生长压力,但后者是主要的。粉煤灰和矿渣使浆体孔隙液碱度降低和浆体多孔是其对膨胀起抑制作用的主要原因。     

Hospital waste ashes in Portland cement mortars

Nowadays, most concretes incorporate mineral additions such as pozzolans, fly ash, silica fume, blast furnace slag, and calcareous filler among others. Although the technological and economical benefits were the main reasons for the use of mineral additions, the prevention of environmental contamination by means of proper waste disposal becomes a priority. The chance of incorporating hospital waste ashes in Portland cement-based materials is presented here. Ash characterization was performed by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, radioactive material detection, and fineness and density tests. Conduction calorimetry and setting time tests were developed on pastes including ash contents from 0% to 100%. Mortars were prepared including ash contents up to 50% of cement. The results of setting time, temperature development, flexural and compressive strengths, water absorption, density, and leachability are analyzed. Results indicate that Portland cement systems could become an alternative for the disposal of this type of ashes.     

Biomass fly ash in concrete: Mixture proportioning and mechanical properties

ASTM C 618 prohibits use of biomass fly ashes in concrete. This document compares the properties of biomass fly ashes from cofired (herbaceous with coal), pure wood combustion and blended (pure wood fly ash blended with coal fly ash) to those of coal fly ash in concrete. The results illustrate that with 25% replacement (wt%) of cement by fly ash, the compressive strength (one day to one year) and the flexure strength (at 56th day curing) of cofired and blended biomass fly ash concrete is statistically equal to that of two coal fly ash concrete in this investigation (at 95% confidence interval). This implies that biomass fly ash with co-firing concentration within the concentration interest to commercial coal-biomass co-firing operations at power plants and blended biomass fly ash within a certain blending ratio should be considered in concrete.