汽车排气管件内高压成形数值模拟及试验

利用有限元分析软件,对汽车排气管件的压弯和内高压成形过程进行了数值模拟,研究了压弯成形过程中管坯在不同弯曲变形量下的壁厚分布和内高压成形过程中压力加载路径对成形零件壁厚的影响。基于有限元模拟结果,进行了压弯成形和内高压成形实验。结果表明,压弯成形和内高压成形弯曲叠加处最易破裂;通过优化加载路径可避免缺陷,获得壁厚均匀性较好的成形零件;成形实验结果与数值模拟结果一致。     

加载路径对变径管内高压成形影响的模拟研究

基于Dynaform有限元模拟软件,在获得合适总轴向进给量以及最大内压力的基础上,重点探讨了轴向进给路径以及内压力加载路径对变径管内高压成形的影响。结果表明：按照前段进给速度大于后段进给速度的双线性轴向进给方式进给能得到一条最优的轴向进给路径;梯形内压加载方式的成形结果要明显优于线性内压加载方式,且当内压区间为40～60MPa时,梯形内压加载方式的成形结果达到最优化。     

汽车驱动桥壳液压胀形数值模拟及试验研究

利用ABAQUS软件建立桥壳液压胀形工艺的有限元模型,对汽车桥壳的预胀形和终胀形过程进行了数值模拟,并分析了不同的加载路径对桥壳成形的影响规律。模拟结果表明:预胀形阶段,胀形压力保持30 MPa不变,管坯发生轻度失稳形成三鼓形样件,合模后胀形压力增大至60 MPa,内凹部分贴模得到较好壁厚分布的预胀形管坯;终胀形初期,胀形压力保持20 MPa不变,轴向进给量达到30 mm后快速增大至120 MPa,可以成形出合格的样件。采用Q345B无缝钢管进行物理实验,获得了符合尺寸要求的桥壳样件,验证了数值模拟的可靠性。     

汽车纵梁液压成形模拟研究

为探究汽车纵梁液压成形规律,并为其工程化应用提供必要的指导,对方形管进行脉动液压成形实验及数值模拟,并通过实验验证模拟的正确性。首先明确纵梁液压成形工序及主要参数,然后对其成形全过程进行仿真研究,最后基于此分析了液压加载路径、成形模具与管坯接触面间摩擦系数对纵梁液压成形壁厚分布及成形件最大减薄率的影响规律。结果表明:在常规加载中,前期增压至成形压力值一半左右,并进行一段时间的保压,后期升压至成形压力,其加载路径下的成形构件最大减薄率最小,壁厚分布整体最均匀;在此加载路径基础上,采用脉动加载可进一步提高其成形质量;同时,摩擦系数越小,成形最大减薄率越小,整体壁厚值越接近初始管坯值且分布越均匀。     

汽车底盘纵梁多工步成形数值模拟及试验

采用有限元分析软件,对汽车底盘纵梁的弯曲成形、预成形及内高压成形工艺过程进行了数值模拟。研究内容为,在弯曲成形工步中,管坯各个弯曲位置在相同弯曲半径、不同弯曲角度下的壁厚分布;在预成形工步中,管坯压扁过程中弯曲位置的减薄问题;在内高压成形工步中,优化后的压力加载路径对最终成形零件壁厚的影响。基于有限元模拟结果,分别进行了弯曲成形、预成形和内高压成形试验。结果表明,弯曲成形、预成形和内高压成形弯曲叠加处最易破裂;通过改变模具圆角半径可避免破裂缺陷。实际成形试验结果与数值模拟结果基本一致。     

内压对Y型三通管内高压成形影响研究

利用数值模拟对Y型三通管内高压成形过程进行了研究,研究了87MPa～145MPa范围内5条不同内压的加载路径的成形过程,分析了过渡区内凹、支管高度不足等缺陷产生的原因和内压为116MPa时零件成形过程中典型位置的壁厚变化,以及内压对零件壁厚分布的影响。数值模拟结果表明,106MPa～126MPa为成形Y型三通管合适的压力区间,但不同内压成形的零件最小壁厚不同。     

基于均匀增容的大变径比管件液压胀形加载路径研究

目前液压胀形加载路径设计多属于试错法,路径调试缺乏系统的指导思想,没有量化的反馈,因此,提出了基于均匀增容的液压胀形加载路径的设计方法。以管坯内部容积随轴向推进量线性均匀变化为目标,将整个液压胀形过程分为若个子步,通过调整每一子步的管坯内部压力,使每一子步的管坯内部容积沿均匀增容线变化,得到液压胀形管件。以某大型汽车桥壳管件预成形管坯为例,通过数值模拟得到了均匀增容的加载路径,给出了基于均匀增容线的合理成形区间,进行了生产试验,得到了外形轮廓清晰、壁厚减薄率满足设计要求的合格样件,试验结果表明:基于均匀增容的液压胀形加载路径适用于实际生产,样件成品率高、成形性好。     

铝镁合金双路径加载充液拉深成形的数值模拟

针对铝镁合金等低塑性板材的成形需要,提出了带主动径向加压的双路径加载充液拉深技术。应用数值模拟的方法,采用大型非线性动力显式分析软件ETA／Dynaform5．5,对5A06铝镁合金平底筒形件的双路径加载充液拉深成形过程进行研究,讨论液室压力变化对零件成形性的影响,以零件成形最终壁厚分布为评定标准,分析不同径向压力加载路径对成形质量的影响。模拟结果表明,采用合理的液室加载曲线,并配合20-45MPa的主动径向压力,可有效地提高铝镁合金平底简形件的成形极限,拉深比可达到3．1。     

汽车扭力梁充液成形技术研究

针对变截面汽车扭力梁充液成形过程易出现破裂和起皱缺陷,通过有限元分析和实验研究,分析了预成形模具形状和充液成形时加载路径对扭力梁充液成形质量的影响。研究结果表明:当预成形模具导向角度过小时,管坯被机械挤压内凹变形时,圆角部位容易起皱;导向角度过大时,管坯材料流向凹模困难,减薄严重;充液成形时补料初始液室压力过大,材料堆积在零件端部起皱严重。     

基于充液成形技术的铝合金发盖内板成形

基于有限元分析软件ETA/Dynaform,对铝合金发盖内板的充液拉深过程进行数值模拟。建立了有限元模型,得到了最优液室压力加载路径,并研究了零件充液成形过程的成形性能。研究结果表明,液室压力加载路径对充液成形零件质量的影响较大,成形所需的最大液室压力为10 MPa,且液室压力不宜加载过早。通过充液成形技术的应用,消除了成形过程中的破裂、起皱等成形缺陷,达到了提高成形性能的目的。模拟实验和物理实验验证相吻合,均得到合格的铝板拉深件。     

Hydroforming of automotive structural components with rectangular-sections

An experimental and numerical simulation was conducted to investigate hydroforming of automotive rectangular-section structural components and the results were used as guidelines for some prototypes. The effect of loading path on the failures and thickness distribution was discussed and the reasons were analyzed for the failures, such as bursting and folding. Hydroforming with axial feeding is strongly sensitive to the loading path. Bursting occurs in transition zone in the calibration when the internal pressure increases faster than the axial feeding. Otherwise, folding will take place due to too much axial feeding. There is the maximum thickness at central point of the side of cross-section and the minimum thickness at the transition area. If the n value of the tube material is bigger, the thickness of the final part will be more uniform. By using a petal-like perform section shape, the pressure for forming the transition radii was greatly reduced and components with small radii can be formed with relatively low pressure.     

Loading path optimization of tube hydroforming process

Optimization methods along with finite element simulations were utilized to determine the optimum loading paths for closed-die and T-joint tube hydroforming processes. The objective was to produce a part with minimum thickness variation while keeping the maximum effective stress below the material ultimate stress during the forming process. In the closed-die hydroforming, the intent was also to conform the tube to the die shape whereas in the T-joint design, maximum T-branch height was sought. It is shown that utilization of optimized loading paths yields a better conformance of the part to the die shape or leads to a higher bulge height. Finite element simulations also revealed that, in an optimized loading path, the majority of the axial feed needs to be provided after the tube material yields under the applied internal pressure. These results were validated by conducting experiments on aluminum tubes where a good correlation between the experimental results and simulations were obtained.     

异型变径管内高压成形有限元模拟

通过建立相应的内高压成形有限元模拟模型,用Dynaform有限元分析软件进行模拟分析,研究了异型变径管成形的工艺特点、变形特征及成形参数对成形质量的影响。模拟结果表明,当变径管直径变化率较大时,自由胀形很难成形出理想成品,需采用轴向补料。采用合适的内压加载路径与轴向补料的配合方式能够显著控制起皱、破裂缺陷的产生,使较复杂的异型变径管顺利成形,成形质量较好。     

Analysis on critical conditions of sidewall wrinkling for hydroforming of thin-walled Tee-joint

Based on the sidewall wrinkling phenomena in hydroforming of thin-walled Tee-joint, an analytical model for tube wrinkling under double side constraints was proposed to calculate the critical wrinkling stress. The effects of stress ratio, diameter-to-thickness ratio and tube material properties on critical condition of sidewall wrinkling were investigated. It is found that the middle of the main tube side wall is the most dangerous position for wrinkling within hydroforming of thin-walled Tee-joint. At a certain internal pressure, the critical wrinkling stress increases with increasing of ratio of hoop stress to axial stress and material strength coefficients, but decreases with increasing of work-hardening exponent and ratio of diameter to thickness. Through the analytical model combining FEM simulation, the critical wrinkling loading path according to the relation between axial feeding and internal pressure was obtained. Experimental results validates that wrinkle can be avoided if the pressure is above the critical wrinkling loading path, otherwise, wrinkle occurs. It is also verified that the analytical model of critical wrinkling stress is reasonable for the thin-walled Tee-joint hydroforming process.     

Optimization of loading conditions for tube hydroforming

Tube hydroforming is a developing technology with advanced features of lightness and unified part. This study investigates the best possible regulation for loading conditions between the internal pressure and the axial feeding by hydroforming of a T-shape metal tube. Using conjugate gradient method with finite element method, a program module is generated to check the hydroformed tube quality about its thickness uniformity and the geometry accuracy. Thereby, a batch mode and a sequential mode to optimize the loading conditions of the tube hydroforming process are created and investigated. Regarding the tube quality from the simulation results, the hydroforming process, which follows the loading curve generated by the sequential mode, is better than by the batch mode. The optimal loading procedure generated by this article can offer another possibility for engineer by determining the internal pressure and the axial feeding in tube hydroforming.     

不锈钢方形截面空心构件内高压成形研究

对不锈钢方形截面空心构件内高压成形进行了实验研究,比较了有无轴向进给和加载路径即内压和轴向进给关系对方形截面构件影响。分析产生折叠、起皱和开裂尤其在圆角过渡区产生开裂的原因,给出了成形的合格零件壁厚分布规律。     

薄壁不锈钢数码相机外壳液压成形工艺研究

数码相机外壳是形状复杂的非旋转体不规则结构薄壳形件,文章基于其工艺难点及形状特征分析,采用1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板材进行了不同液压加载路径下的充液拉深成形实验,并结合有限元模拟,分析了液压加载与凸模运动的不同匹配关系对成形结果的影响;针对各种成形缺陷分析其产生原因,并确定了合适的成形工艺参数,模拟结果与实验吻合良好。在室温条件下,以1mm/s～2mm/s的凸模速度进行液压成形,在液压载荷最高为20MPa时,成功试制出表面质量好、结构精度高的薄壁不锈钢数码相机外壳。研究结果为复杂结构薄壳形件液压成形工艺参数的确定和优化设计奠定了基础,并为采用液压成形工艺生产和加工电子器件不锈钢外壳提供实验和理论依据。     

Wrinkling behavior of magnesium alloy tube in warm hydroforming

In tube hydroforming with axial feeding, under the effect of coupled internal pressure and axial stress, wrinkles often occur and affect the forming results. Wrinkling behavior of an AZ31B magnesium alloy tube was experimentally investigated with different loading paths at different temperatures. Features of wrinkles, including shape, radius and width, were acquired from the experiments, as well as the thickness distribution. Numerical simulations were carried out to reveal the stress state during warm hydroforming, and then the strain history of material at the top and bottom of the wrinkles were analyzed according to the stress tracks and yielding ellipse. Finally, effects of loading paths on expansion ratio limit of warm hydroforming were analyzed. It is verified that at a certain temperature, expansion ratio limit can be increased obviously by applying a proper loading path and realizing enough axial feeding.