PP熔融接枝MAH的研究

以PP（EPS30R）为基体树脂,过氧化二异丙苯DCP为引发剂,在反应体系中加入少量的DMF（N,N-二甲基甲酰胺）,在双螺杆挤出机中于175℃-190℃进行了PP熔融接枝MAH的反应。用红外光谱表征了接枝反应的存在,并考察了引发剂用量、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）的用量、单体用量对接枝反应的影响。研究表明：DMF能抑制PP的降解,并且确定了较佳的原料配比为m（PP）：in（MAH）：m（DMF）：In（DCP）：100：3：0．6：0．4,其接枝率可达2．95％。     

聚丙烯（PP）／黏土复合材料熔融剂的研究

以马来酸酐（MAH）等为单体接枝聚丙烯作为聚丙烯（PP）／黏土复合材料熔融剂,考察了马来酸酐用量、引发剂过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）用量、反应时间、温度等因素对产物接枝率的影响,并通过红外光谱图对PP-g-MAH进行表征。结果表明,当m（PP）：m（复配单体）：m（BPO）=10．0：2．0：0．6、反应温度控制在120℃左右、复配单体为马来酸酐／苯乙烯时,熔融剂PP-g-MAH的接枝率可获得较大值3．9％。实验同时表明,反应时间对接枝率的影响不大;苯乙烯的加入对接枝率有较大的影响,与普通单体单一马来酸酐相比,加入苯乙烯的接枝率明显提高。     

聚丙烯熔融挤出接枝马来酸酐的研究

研究了通过双螺杆挤出机聚丙烯熔融挤出接枝马来酸酐制马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP—g—MAH）的工艺，包括单体马来酸酐（MAH）、引发剂DCP的用量及熔融反应温度和时间对聚丙烯（PP）熔融接枝MAH的接枝率的影响。结果表明：DCP、MAH的用量对PP—g—MAH接枝率影响比较明显，其最佳配比为DCP0．15份、MAH2份；最佳工艺条件为挤出螺杆转速40r／min，反应温度195-200℃。     

聚丙烯接枝衣康酸增容PA6／PP共混物性能及形态研究

采用反应型双螺杆挤出机和熔融接枝技术制备了一系列聚丙烯（PP）接枝物，包括单一单体接枝物PP接枝衣康酸（PP-g-ITA）和双单体接枝物PP接枝ITA和苯乙烯[PP-g-（ITA-co-St）]，通过红外光谱和热分析研究了PP接枝物的结构，并研究了PP接枝物的接枝率和熔体流动速率与单体和引发剂用量的关系。通过反应挤出制备了PP接枝物增容PA6／PP共混物，研究了增容共混物的力学性能和形态结构。结果显示：加入接枝物后，共混体系的冲击强度明显提高；SEM观察表明，接枝物的加入能明显改善增容共混物的两相界面结合状况，降低共混物的分散相尺寸，改善体系的分散状况，共混物的两相界面变得模糊，相容性得到明显提高；DSC测试表明，加入接枝物后，共混物中PA6组分的结晶度下降，PP组合的结晶度上升。表明PP-g-ITA是PA6／PP共混体系有效的增容剂兼增韧剂。     

超声波在丙烯酸固相接枝聚丙烯中的应用

利用超声波促进固相接枝反应的原理，研究丙烯酸（AA）接枝聚丙烯（PP）的反应条件：超声波作用时间、接枝反应温度、引发剂过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）及AA用量等对接枝率的影响。研究表明：超声波能有效地促进固相接枝反应的进行。其最佳反应条件是：超声波的作用时间为30min，BPO与AA的用量分别为4％和15％，反应温度为110℃。在上述反应条件下，可以得到接枝率为6％的接枝产物AA接枝PP（PP－g－AA）；并用硅灰石填充含有PP-g-AA的PP复合材料，其力学性能明显优于不含PP－g－AA的硅灰石填充的PP复合材料。     

丙烯酸丁酯、马来酸酐、苯乙烯三单体固相接枝改性聚丙烯的研究

以丙烯酸丁酯（BA）、马来酸酐（MAH）和苯乙烯（St）为接枝单体,偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,加入少量有机溶剂作分散剂,对聚丙烯进行固相接枝改性制备接枝共聚物。考察了反应时间、反应温度、引发剂用量等因素对接枝反应的影响,用红外光谱对接枝产物进行了表征。结果表明,当引发剂用量（以PP质量为基准）为0．3％,单体（n（BA）：n（St）：n（MAH）=2：1：1）总投料量为4％时,得到了接枝率为3．26％的接枝产品。单体利用率达到70％。     

超临界CO2中PP与MAA的接枝反应

利用超临界CO2作为甲基丙烯酸（MAA）的溶剂和聚丙烯（PP）的溶胀剂，合成了MAA与PP的接枝聚合物（PP-g-MAA）。考察了单体浓度、引发剂用量、反应压力、反应时间等反应条件对接枝率的影响。结果表明：在合适的反应条件下，MAA的接枝率最高可达14．6％，而且接枝后PP颗粒的外观可以保持不变。用FT-IR、DSC以及SEM等方法对样品进行了表征。DSC曲线发现PP-g-MAA有两个熔融峰。SEM观察发现PP-g-MAA的表面比PP表面明显粗糙。     

LLDPE溶液接枝马来酸酐的研究

研究了在二甲苯溶剂中，以过氧化二苯甲酰（ＢＰＯ）为引发剂，线性低密度聚乙烯（ＬＬＤＰＥ）接酸酐的反应，采用正交实验方法考察了引发剂用量，单体及ＰＥ浓度。反应温度及时间、阻止交联剂的加入量等因素对接枝反应的影响。结果表明，各因素对ＰＥ接枝率影响的大小次序是ＭＡＨ用量，反应温度、阻止交联剂用量、ＬＬＤＰＥ浓度和ＢＰＯ有用量，阻止交联剂的加入可以有铲地防止ＰＥ恶性循环 自由基的交联。     

马来酸酐熔融接枝聚丙烯的研究

在双螺杆挤出机上研制马来酸酐（MAH）接枝的聚丙烯（PP）。主要讨论了聚丙烯（PP）与马来酸酐（MAH）在熔融挤出反应中,引发剂DCP、MAH的用量以及反应温度、物料的停留时间对接枝物的影响。     

反应挤出法制备高熔体强度聚丙烯

以1,6己二醇二丙烯酸酯（HDDA）为接枝单体,苯乙烯（St）为共聚单体对聚丙烯（PP）进行熔融接枝,并在反应体系中加入β成核剂,从而改变PP晶型,通过接枝长支链提高聚丙烯的熔体强度。研究了螺杆转速、引发剂用量、单体摩尔比及投料量对熔体流动速率和熔体强度的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪及X射线衍射仪等对改性材料的结构和性能进行分析。结果表明,在优化的反应条件下,接枝改性PP的熔体流动速率和熔体强度分别为0.70 g/10 min,10.00 kPa·s;热稳定性也比纯PP有很大程度提高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。