9310钢螺旋锥齿轮模压淬火的数值模拟

针对9310钢螺旋锥齿轮的模压淬火的过程,采用有限元分析软件建立了温度场-组织场-应力应变场耦合分析模型,并进行了模压淬火工艺的数值模拟研究。结果表明,模具设计对零件的模压淬火畸变有着重要影响。通过调整模具的组合尺寸和压力角,可以显著减小齿轮畸变;上下模的偏心可以导致齿形畸变,通过调整芯模尺寸可以避免由于设备对中偏差导致的畸变。     

热处理模拟软件Thermal Prophet的开发与应用

Thermal Prophet是最近开发的一款具有自主知识产权的热处理数值模拟软件。本文介绍了其基本架构、技术特点和基本功能。以热作模具钢模块淬火为例应用本软件进行了模拟,得到的畸变趋势与实际测量结果一致。通过考虑和忽略相变塑性两种模拟结果的对比,分析了相变塑性对淬火畸变所起的作用,指出了相变塑性是模拟淬火过程不可忽略的重要因素。     

大型轧辊喷雾淬火过程温度场数值模拟系统的开发

利用Visual Basic软件开发了大型轧辊喷雾淬火过程温度场模拟软件,并利用此模拟系统对复合轧辊差温加热后的淬火过程的温度场进行模拟计算来验证此系统的准确性,模拟得到了油淬冷却过程中的温度场分布云图以及轧辊不同深度处的冷却曲线,并对其进行了分析;将轧辊的实测温度数据与该系统模拟计算结果进行了比较,结果二者基本吻合,从而可以利用该系统的模拟温度评估淬火热处理工艺的合理性,能够为实际生产提供定量的参考依据.     

基于热和相变应变模型的齿轮合金钢渗碳淬火畸变分析

目的研究热和相变应变各自在渗碳淬火畸变中的作用,分析渗碳淬火工艺对齿轮合金钢畸变的影响。方法通过考虑相变和不考虑相变两种模型,对齿轮合金钢17CrNiMo6C形开口畸变试样渗碳淬火的畸变机理和变形过程进行数值模拟,并设计正交试验,量化工艺参数对畸变的影响程度,最后利用渗碳淬火实验测定表面含碳量和畸变量,验证分析结果。结果初始工艺下热应变约为相变应变的2倍。正交试验各工艺参数的F比结果从大到小顺序为:渗碳温度(1.74)、淬火温度(1.546)、碳势(1.448)、预热温度(0.603)和油温(0.473)。优化工艺参数为:渗碳温度880℃,淬火温度790℃,预热温度500℃,碳势0.8%,油温80℃。优化后畸变率减少了28.5%,畸变分析结果与实验结果对应较好。结论由热膨胀引起的热应变对试样的畸变占据主动,抵消并超过相变应变,渗碳温度、碳势和淬火温度对齿轮合金钢畸变影响较大。     

125MN拉伸机轨道的热处理畸变及控制

为改善某大飞机项目125 MN拉伸机轨道热处理后的翘曲畸变,对其畸变结果进行了检测,结合数据进行理论和数值模拟分析,得出了内应力对热处理畸变的影响规律。根据分析结果,通过改变轨道的淬火入油方式可有效减小其畸变量,在实际应用中取得了良好的效果,有效地改善了125 MN拉伸机轨道的热处理畸变。     

动态淬火过程的流-固耦合数值模拟

借助流体动力学计算软件CFD2000,对介质不同流速下试样的淬火过程进行了流.固耦合数值模拟.将实测换热系数曲线数值化并线性插值,得到了不同温度、流速下的换热系数,并赋给流.固换热边界,从而实现流.固耦合计算,同时得到了淬火介质流场和试样温度场.数值模拟结果与实测结果的对比表明,用该数值方法来模拟淬火介质存在相变的复杂淬火过程是可行的,能够显示出淬火过程的蒸汽膜、沸腾换热、对流冷却三个阶段以及各自的特点.该方法可避免复杂气液两相流的计算,简化淬火过程流-固耦合计算.     

核电站用钢制安全壳纵焊缝的焊后热处理畸变

基于SYSWELD软件对钢制安全壳筒体环建立了有限元模型,对拟定的筒体纵焊缝热处理工艺采用有限元法进行了模拟分析,计算了热处理后的畸变和残余应力,并将数值模拟分析的畸变数据与实测数据进行了对比,证明了拟定的工艺满足产品技术要求,可为超大型容器局部焊后热处理提供参考.     

基于多场耦合模拟的齿毂高压气淬工艺设计

针对20CrMnTi齿毂高压气淬工艺设计的需求,建立了一套流场-温度场-组织场-应力应变场耦合模拟体系,能够实现对淬火气流与工件的同步耦合计算。利用该体系模拟了不同淬火气压和进气方式下的齿毂高压气淬过程,分析了不同工艺方案下齿毂的组织成分、硬度以及畸变,确定了2.0 MPa、下方单向进气的工艺方案,模拟结果满足齿毂性能要求。     

轴承套圈贝氏体淬火仿真与试验分析

采用有限元仿真和试验方法分析贝氏体等温淬火工艺对GCr15钢轴承套圈畸变和断裂韧性的影响。采用Deform-3D软件对轴承套圈贝氏体淬火工艺进行数值模拟。以圆柱滚子轴承NJ308为研究对象,仿真热处理后最大直径畸变量为0.08 mm,与试验结果对比,仿真误差14%。采用热处理工艺试验,测量贝氏体淬火后轴承直径畸变量为0.07 mm。对比测量分析常规马氏体淬火和贝氏体淬火后的畸变大小,贝氏体热处理后直径畸变极差小,更为均匀,有利于后续的磨削加工。通过断裂试验对比分析,常规的马氏体淬回火工艺断裂强度为113.3 kN,贝氏体等温淬火处理后的断裂强度为152.7 kN,断裂强度显著提升。     

极薄、超宽规格装甲板压力淬火工艺数值模拟优化

利用数值模拟的方法对极薄、超宽规格装甲板淬火过程的畸变进行了模拟研究,并对脉冲式压力淬火的控制参数进行了优化。通过对比不同冷却条件装甲板的变形量,确定了脉冲式压力淬火的脉冲压力和周期。结果表明,脉冲约束的模拟条件下,装甲板在厚度Z方向上的最终变形量为1.7 mm,不仅小于2 mm的标准要求,而且可以实现装甲板的小淬火畸变前提下满足其表面无压痕、划痕等其他损伤的实际生产需求。     

Evaluation of Important Factors Affecting Quench Distortion of Carburized Hypoid Gear with Shaft by Using Computer Simulation Methods

To minimize quenching distortion and dispersion, carburizing and quenching process conditions must be optimized; this includes the parts racking design used for quenching. We investigated some factors affecting carburized quenching distortion with an experiment using a hypoid gear having a shaft and with numerical simulation methods. The experimental results and those obtained from simulation were generally in agreement. Focusing on the surface temperature distribution in the gear, we studied quenching distortion characteristics in terms of changes in tooth profile and helix deviation. In our experiments, distortions occur during quenching in 373 K oil after austenitized temperature treatments conducted with various attitudes. We calculated the distortions by simulating the carburized oil-quenching process for the hypoid gear. Our results show large differences between the cooling rates of the tooth toe, middle section, and heel edges,and these greatly influence the change in tooth profile and helix deviation. We found that reducing the differences in temperatures on the gear surfaces during quenching is most important for minimizing the quench distortion of the hypoid gear.     

18CrNiMo7-6钢重载内齿轮渗碳淬火工艺

某减速器重载内齿轮要求进行渗碳淬火处理,因内齿轮结构属于大型薄壁零件,采用常规渗碳淬火方法进行处理后齿部畸变较大,磨齿后公法线尺寸不满足技术要求,造成工件报废。通过渗碳前增加去应力退火工序、增加渗碳时预热工艺、降低渗碳温度及降低冷却强度等方式,解决了重载内齿轮渗碳后齿部畸变超差问题,为薄壁重载内齿轮渗碳淬火提供了质量保证。     

大型渗碳齿圈淬火畸变及控制

大型齿圈渗碳后淬火时会发生较大的畸变。通过合理的设计和机加工与热处理工艺的配合,采用正确的矫正方法及硝盐淬火,可以将渗碳、淬火的大型齿圈的椭圆畸变量控制在2 mm以内,翘曲量及锥度畸变量控制在1 mm以内,且提高了齿圈的承载能力和使用寿命。     

螺旋伞齿从动轮渗碳淬火畸变及控制

对螺旋伞齿从动轮渗碳淬火后的畸变行为进行分析,指出热应力是其产生畸变的主要原因。通过改进装炉方式实现齿轮淬火过程中的均匀冷却,可显著减小齿轮的畸变。     

The Effect of Hardenability Variation on Phase Transformation of Spiral Bevel Gear in Quenching Process

The hardenability of gear steel is dependent on the composition of alloying elements and is one of important criteria to assess process of phase transformation. The variation of hardenability has to be considered in control of the microstructures and distortion during gear quenching. In this paper, the quantitative effect of hardenability has been investigated on phase transformations of spiral bevel gears in die quenching. The hardenability deviation of 22CrMoH steel was assessed by using Jominy test. The dilatometry experiments were conducted to build phase transformation kinetic models for steels with low and high hardenability, respectively. The complete die quenching process of spiral bevel gear was modeled to reveal the significant difference on microstructures and temperature history with variation of hardenability. The final microstructures of the gear are martensite in surface layer after quenching process. There are bainite inside the gear tooth and the mixture of bainite and ferrite inside gear for the gear with low hardenability. The microstructure is bainite inside the gear with high hardenability.     

汽车同步器齿套的变形分析与对策

汽车同步器齿套在渗碳淬火后，发生变形，一般采用压淬整形等使同步器套失圆度减小，内花键尺寸稳定。本文着重分析了同步器齿套发生变形的原因及整形方法。通过实验验证了淬火时不均匀冷却是导致同步器齿套变形的主要原因，也是解决齿套变形的重要途径。     

Optimization of Process Parameters for the Axial Distortion and Distortion Range During Die Quenching of a Spiral Bevel Gear

The strength of high-duty gears can be improved by carburizing and quenching processes. Quenching distortion is inevitable during the process, and it has direct effects on the precision of the gear. For spiral bevel gear with big diameter and small thickness, die quenching process is applied in the manufacturing to control the distortion in axial direction. Die quenching parameters must be optimized to minimize the distortion while considering non-uniformity of chemical compositions and loads. In this paper, material models of gear material (22CrMoH) built based on the phase transformation kinetics, static mechanical properties and phase transformation plasticity equations. Finite element analysis (FEA) models are conducted to study the whole die quenching process based on the production process. Die quenching experiments and testing of microstructures and distortions are conducted to verify the accuracy of the FEA models. The effects of loads and bottom die obliquity on the final distortion are studied to set the appropriate range and control distortion. The distortion was very sensitive to the bottom die obliquity and some part of load ranges. The distortion changes little when the load of inner die was in the range of 1.38-2.07 MPa and the load of outer die was in the range of 2.07-2.76 MPa. The distortion range is fitted the production requirements by setting the inclination angle of bottom die between 0.12° and 0.29°.     

渗碳淬火件的畸变与控制

在生产中,齿轮和齿轮轴的渗碳和淬火畸变是难以避免的,减小其畸变量是一个技术难题.然而,大量的实测数据表明,齿轮和齿轮轴的渗碳和淬火畸变是有规律的,如果冷热加工工艺合理,这种畸变量可以控制在要求的范围内.     

大型渗碳淬火齿圈预处理工艺探讨

根据热处理产生形变的普遍规律分析,正火与调质所产生的残余应力不同,其产生形变的规律也不同.对于大型渗碳淬火齿圈,预处理采用调质与正火进行比较,调质可以得到更加均匀分布的碳化物形态,其形变规律与最终的渗碳淬火形变规律一致,更有利于减小零件的热处理畸变.