退火工艺和稀土元素对SPCC冷轧板再结晶过程及织构的影响

研究了退火工艺和添加微量稀土元素对SPCC冷轧低碳钢板再结晶过程及织构的影响。试验结果表明,提高加热温度加快了SPCC冷轧板再结晶过程,促进晶粒长大;稀土元素的加入阻碍了再结晶过程,抑制了晶粒长大,也明显地提高了稀土SPCC冷轧板有利于深冲性能的{111}<011>织构、{111}<112>织构和{001}<100>立方织构的密度。     

湿H2气氛下CGO硅钢初次再结晶织构演变行为

通过对湿H2气氛下,相同退火温度、不同退火时间的CGO硅钢初次再结晶样品进行金相组织观察,并进行了EBSD微观织构分析,研究了CGO硅钢初次再结晶过程中的组织及再结晶织构演变行为。结果表明,在湿H2气氛下,820℃保温,CGO硅钢初次再结晶过程约在120 s时完成。随着退火时间的延长,γ面上{111}<112>织构含量逐渐减少,{111}<110>织构先减少后增多,随着再结晶的完成,部分{111}<112>取向晶粒向高斯{110}<001>取向转化的同时,也向{111}<110>取向转化,高斯{110}<001>织构含量逐渐增多。高斯取向晶粒较多是由{111}<112>取向晶粒转化而来,同时也证明了CGO硅钢高斯取向晶粒的二次再结晶异常长大生长机制为择优形核。     

冷轧压下率对含Nb细晶高强IF钢织构形成机制的影响

以含Nb细晶高强IF钢热轧板为研究对象,研究了冷轧压下率对实验钢冷轧织构以及再结晶织构形成影响。结果表明,退火后铁素体晶粒细化,强度提高。实验钢经冷轧后主要的织构为{112}110、{111}112、{111}110、{001}110,并且随冷轧压下率增加,织构组分无变化,各组分强度整体增加。再经退火后,在α线上织构减弱,甚至一些织构逐渐消失。提高冷轧压下率时,织构峰值逐渐由{001}110转为{111}110。对于γ取向线,峰值由{111}110取向变为{111}112取向,最终{111}112比{111}110取向强度大。实验钢再结晶机制由定向形核和选择生长共同作用的结果,并且随冷轧压下率增大,{111}面织构强度增大,所以r(塑性应变比)值增大,深冲性能提高。     

退火温度对新能源汽车用含Ce无取向电工钢组织和织构的影响

采用SEM、EBSD和XRD等分析手段研究了退火温度对含Ce新能源无取向电工钢组织及织构的影响。结果表明:800 ℃退火后,试验钢边部和中心部位均能观察到再结晶组织及亚晶组织,α线织构中的{112}<110>取向密度最高,γ线织构中的{111}<112>取向密度较弱,退火板存在少量η织构;830～920 ℃退火后,温度越高,再结晶越充分,α线织构取向密度下降,γ线织构取向密度增加,η织构基本消失;试验钢在950 ℃退火后发生了完全再结晶,平均晶粒尺寸为48.29 μm,γ线织构中的{111}<112>取向密度最高,为11.36。     

终轧温度对50W600无取向硅钢组织、织构和电磁性能的影响

利用工业试验和OM、SEM和EBSD等系统地研究了830 ℃和860 ℃终轧温度下50W600无取向硅钢组织结构的演变规律及成品电磁性能。结果表明,提高终轧温度有利于促进热轧板特别是其心部的再结晶和晶粒长大,促进退火冷轧板的晶粒长大。50W600无取向硅钢在热轧-冷轧-退火过程中的织构演变规律主要为高斯织构{110}<001>→{112}<110>、{001}<110>和{111}面纤维织构→{111}面纤维织构。终轧温度从830 ℃提高到860 ℃,一方面减弱了热轧板中的{111}面纤维织构组分,另一方面增强了冷轧板中的{111}面纤维织构组分并减弱了其{001}<110>织构组分,最终促进退火冷轧板中对磁性有害的{111}面纤维织构组分减弱和对磁性有利的{001}<110>织构组分增强。提高终轧温度有利于无取向硅钢的铁损降低和磁感应强度提高。     

再结晶退火温度对高强IF钢组织性能及织构的影响

研究了退火温度对高强IF钢组织性能及再结晶织构的影响。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,铁素体晶粒长大,IF钢的抗拉强度下降,伸长率先增大后减小,r值逐渐增大;退火后表现为较强的{111}<110>和{111}<112>γ纤维织构,且强点集中在{111}<112>取向,退火温度为840℃时该两取向织构密度值均较大且相差较小。     

Ti-IF钢罩式退火过程中再结晶织构演变规律研究

采用X射线衍射技术(XRD)和电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD),并结合微观组织观察分析了Ti-IF钢罩式退火过程中织构演变规律和{111}再结晶织构形成机制.结果表明:随退火温度的升高,再结晶量逐渐增多,{111}再结晶织构强度亦逐渐增强,同时{100}织构强度逐渐减弱.{111}取向的品粒主要在再结晶过程中形成,依靠吞并其他取向[主要是{100}取向]的晶粒而长大;并且在{111}取向品粒长大过程中,γ纤维织构之间也发生相互转化,主要由{111}<112>织构转变为{111}<110>织构;冷轧IF钢再结晶退火后具有较强的γ纤维织构,主要是"取向形核"和"取向长大"共同作用的结果,其中Σ重位晶界在再结晶γ纤维织构形成过程中起着重要作用.     

形变诱导Inconel 625合金管材静态再结晶行为

使用室温压缩变形与再结晶退火处理研究了Inconel 625高温合金冷变形及再结晶行为,采用EBSD技术分析冷变形过程中的应变分布、晶粒尺寸变化、组织与织构演变,分析冷变形Inconel 625合金再结晶过程中再结晶分数、晶粒尺寸、组织及织构演变。研究表明,Inconel 625合金在变形量为35%~65%时具有良好的塑性,随着变形量的增加,晶粒尺寸减小,应变分布越均匀,{111}<112>织构和{110}<001>织构逐渐减弱,而{001}<110>织构和{112}<111>织构略为增强。冷变形Inconel 625合金再结晶退火处理后,随着退火温度与保温时间的升高,再结晶分数增大;随着变形量的增大,Inconel 625合金发生完全再结晶时温度减小,且发生完全再结晶时的晶粒尺寸变小,变形量为35%时,再结晶过程主要是{112}<111>织构{123}<634>变形织构转变为{110}<112>织构、{001}<100>织构与{124}<211>织构。随着变形量增加到50%及65%时,冷变形产生的{123}<634>织构在再结晶过程中转变成了{124}<211>织构。     

退火温度对无取向电工钢组织和磁性能的影响

主要研究了0.7%Si无取向电工钢退火试样的组织、晶粒尺寸和织构对其磁性能的影响。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,组织的均匀性得到改善;ɑ取向线上的纤维织构多集中于{114}<110>和{223}<110>附近,再结晶结束后,织构含量变化不大。{111}<110>织构取向密度值随温度升高而下降,{112}<111>织构与{111}<110>织构变化相反。晶粒尺寸增大对磁感强度的影响较小,而对铁损的影响较大。     

CGO硅钢各阶段织构遗传继承性的EBSD分析

利用EBSD技术对CGO硅钢热轧、中间退火、脱碳退火及二次再结晶退火组织及织构进行分析,研究了CGO硅钢各阶段加工制备过程中高斯{110}001晶粒的形状、尺寸及分布特点,分析了高斯取向晶粒在各工序过程中的遗传继承性特点。结果表明,CGO硅钢热轧板的次表层存在Goss取向晶粒,历经一次冷轧及中间退火后Goss取向晶粒基本消失,一次再结晶之后Goss织构仍不是主要织构,主要织构为{111}110和{111}112,说明Goss取向晶粒在二次再结晶退火前数量及尺寸上并不占优势,二次再结晶过程中Goss取向晶粒异常长大形成锋锐Goss织构。{111}110和{111}112织构组分的强度在一次冷轧中不断增加,{111}112织构组分的强度在二次冷轧后达到最大而{111}110织构组分是在初次再结晶后变强。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。