酚醛交联PP/EPDM/SEBS的动态硫化性能

系统研究了酚醛树脂交联剂对聚丙烯/三元乙丙橡胶/苯乙烯一乙烯一丁二烯一苯乙烯共聚物(PP/EPDM/SEBS）动态硫化弹性体性能的影响:随着交联剂用量增加,材料的硬度和拉伸强度先增加然后趋于稳定,断裂伸长率、撕裂强度和熔体流动速率随之降低,压缩永久形变呈现先减小然后增大的趋势。在交联剂用量为10份(质量份,下同)时,制备出了高温下弹性优异的TPV材料,70 0C,125℃条件下的压缩永久形变分别为23. 9%和28. 30%,比未添加SEBS时分别降低了9. 8%和20. 7%,加人SEBS有效改善了材料的回弹性。随着剪切速率增加,材料的表观黏度降低,呈现剪切变稀现象。随着交联剂用量的增加,表观薪度呈现先增加后减小的规律,用量为10份时黏度最大。     

YY–503在无卤阻燃PPE/SEBS共混体系中的应用

系统研究了多功能粉体改性剂YY–503对无卤阻燃聚苯醚(PPE)/苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)共混体系拉伸性能、弯曲性能、加工流变性能、表面光泽度、白度和阻燃性能的影响。随着YY–503用量的增加,共混体系的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量均呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势,其最大值分别为40.8 MPa,46.8%,62.8 MPa和2 281 MPa;共混体系的缺口冲击强度和表面光泽度随YY–503用量的增加逐步增大;共混体系的熔体黏度较高,YY–503的加入能延长塑化时间,但降低熔体黏度效果不理想;白度测试结果发现,当YY–503质量分数为1%时,共混体系的L值比与未添加时提高5.9%;当YY–503质量分数为0.5%~1%时,共混体系的阻燃等级达到V–0级。当YY–503质量分数为1%时,无卤阻燃PPE/SEBS共混体系具有良好的综合性能和较高的性价比。     

RDP对SEBS/IFR共混体系性能的影响

向苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)/膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)共混体系中加入间苯二酚双(二苯基)磷酸酯(RDP),通过扫描电镜、热失重分析仪和万能材料试验机等研究了RDP对SEBS/IFR共混体系相容性以及阻燃效率与力学性能的影响.当加入2％的RDP时,由于体系可能产生弱氢键,拉伸强度由6.665 MPa提高至6.773 MPa,但随着RDP含量的增加,体系的拉伸强度会明显下降,这主要由于RDP对于体系中SEBS的增塑作用.高压毛细管测试结果表明,当RDP含量大于6％时,体系黏度下降十分明显,利于体系加工流动性.随着RDP的加入,SEBS/IFR共混体系的热分解温度由最初的239℃提高至255℃并且趋于稳定,残炭率由13.28％提高至19.89％.扫描电镜测试结果显示,RDP可以通过“包覆”阻燃剂颗粒提高SEBS/IFR共混体系的相容性.     

动态硫化改性ABS的力学性能及流变性能

研究了动态硫化对ABS力学性能及流变性能的影响,讨论了硫化剂用量、剪切应力、剪切速率对熔体流变行为、熔体黏度的影响及硫化剂用量对改性ABS力学性能的影响。结果表明:动态硫化改性的ABS熔体为假塑性流体,熔体表观黏度随硫化剂用量的增加而增大;在一定范围内随着硫化剂用量的增加,动态硫化改性ABS的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度逐渐提高。     

无卤阻燃PC/ABS合金流变行为的研究

采用毛细管流变仪研究无卤阻燃聚碳酸酯/丙烯晴-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（PC/ABS）的流变行为,得到了熔体表观黏度及切应力与剪切速率的关系。结果表明,无卤阻燃PC/ABS合金熔体为假塑性流体,表观黏度随剪切速率的增加而降低;在230 ℃时,合金的非牛顿指数随着阻燃剂含量的增加而增加;在剪切速率为20~3000 s-1时,合金黏度对温度不敏感,即实现黏度降低,采用升温法效果不佳。     

PC/ABS共混物的流变性能

采用熔融共混的方法,制备了不同配比的聚碳酸酯(PC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)共混物。采用毛细管流变仪研究了PC/ABS共混物的流变行为。结果表明:PC/ABS共混物熔体的流变行为呈假塑性流体的特征,表观黏度随剪切速率的增加而减小,随温度的升高而降低,随ABS含量的增加而减小;随着ABS含量的增加,共混物表观黏度对温度的敏感性降低,对剪切速率的敏感性增加;加入相容剂使PC/ABS共混物更易加工成型。     

膨胀阻燃三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯热塑性硫化胶的性能

分析了膨胀型阻燃剂聚磷酸铵(APP)、季戊四醇(PER)的加入方式对三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)/聚丙烯(PP)体系硫化特性的影响,研究了加入不同膨胀型阻燃剂及协效剂硼酸锌(ZB)、有机蒙脱土(OMMT)对动态硫化EPDM/PP热塑性硫化胶(EPDM/PPTPV)性能的影响。结果表明,在动态硫化前加入APP或PER时,EPDM/PP体系不能进行硫化;当APP的加入量为30份时,EPDM/PPTPV的综合力学性能较佳;在EPDM/PPTPV中同时加入APP、PER、三聚氰胺(MEL)时,随着三者加入量的增加,体系的阻燃性能增强,但拉伸强度明显降低,三者的最佳用量为30份APP、10份PER、10份MEL,此时体系的黏度与纯EPDM/PPTPV相当;加入ZB或OMMT时,EPDM/PPTPV的拉伸强度降低,且加入OMMT体系的阻燃效果优于加入ZB体系;加入OMMT时,在低剪切速率下,体系的黏度减小;在高剪切速率下,体系的黏度增大;加入ZB时,在低剪切速率下,体系的黏度与未加ZB体系相当;在高剪切速率下,体系的黏度增大。     

PSM/PP复合材料的流变性能研究

应用毛细管流变仪研究了可塑性淀粉生物基材料(PSM)/聚丙烯(PP)体系的流变学性质。讨论了挤出成型温度、剪切速率、线性聚丙烯(LPP)含量和PP支链结构对PSM流动性能的影响。结果表明:140～170℃,0～103 s-1下流动曲线具假塑性流体特点;表观黏度随温度、剪切速率增加而降低,黏度随剪切速率下降逐渐减少;170℃后曲线有向牛顿型流体变化的趋势;PSM/短支链PP(SCBPP)比PSM/LPP的表观黏度低,PSM/长支链PP(LCB-PP)比PSM/LPP的表观黏度高;PSM对剪切速率的敏感性低于PP。     

EVA/PE热塑性硫化胶的微观结构及其性能研究

利用转矩流变仪制备了动态硫化乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物/聚乙烯热塑性弹性体(EVA/PE-TPV)材料,研究了交联剂用量、EVA/PE共混比和剪切速率对TPV材料的动态硫化特性、微观结构以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,动态硫化作用使得EVA/PE共混物的微观结构由双连续相结构转变为分散相粒径为1～2μm的"海-岛"状结构,力学性能有所提高,且随着交联剂用量的增加,交联颗粒的尺寸变小,两相分布更加均匀细腻;随着共混体系中EVA含量的提高,体系的交联速率有所增加,交联颗粒的尺寸变大;适当提高剪切速率可以有效降低交联颗粒的大小,改善其分散效果,同时有利于体系力学性能的提高。     

SEBS/PPO共混物的相态结构及力学性能和流变性能 研究

将不同配比的苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SEBS）/聚苯醚 （PPO）通过同向双螺杆挤出机进行熔融共混。应用原子力显微镜（AFM）观察了SEBS/PPO不同配比的相态结构,并比较了其力学性能,同时还比较了不同充油量的SEBS/PPO共混物的相态结构、力学性能和流变性能。结果表明,随着PPO含量的增加,亮点聚苯乙烯（PS）段逐渐增加,PPO和PS完全融合到一起,当SEBS/PPO＝80/20时乙烯-丁二烯（EB）段是连续相,PS相和PPO是分散相;当SEBS/PPO＝20/80时发生相反转,PPO变为连续相;随着PPO含量的增加,拉伸强度大幅度增加,断裂伸长率明显降低;随着充油量的增加,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均有不同程度的下降;表观黏度随非牛顿剪切速率的增加逐渐降低。     

Polymorphism of LiGa5O8 and of LiGa5O8-MgGa2O4Solid Solutions

High-temperature X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyses showed that LiGa₅O₈ exists in two polymorphs related by the first-order transition at 1138°±3°C of the low-temperature simple-cubic form, space group (probably) O⁷, to the high-temperature spinel (fcc) form, space group O _h ⁷. The transition is rapid, and the high-temperature form in pure LiGa₅O₈ could not be quenched to room temperature under the conditions used. However, the high-temperature polymorph can be quenched under equilibrium conditions when 40 mol% or more MgGa₂O₄ is present. The subsolidus equilibrium relations in the system MgGa₂O₄-LiGa₅O₈ are discussed.     

Magnetoresistance of CuxCo1-xFe2O4 Ferrites

Magnetoresistance measurements (Δ/R) were carried out on Cu _x Co_{1- x} Fe₂O₄ samples with x =1, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25 and cobalt ferrite in the range of magnetic intensity (H) from 1.0 to 4.5 kG. Linear plots were obtained between log (Δ/R) and log H for all compositions except that of cobalt ferrite. The values of n at x =0.5 do not agree with the results of some authors. The discrepancy may be attributed to the value of magnetic field intensity at which such measurements were carried out. The similarity of features of n and μ_D with composition leads us to believe that the magnetoresistance may arise from the scattering of conduction electrons by localized electrons involving the s-d exchange interaction.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Expansive properties of the mixture C4ASH12 − 2CS III. Effects of temperature and restraint

The effects of temperature and restraint upon the hydration and the expansion of $\text{C}{}_4\text{A}\text{S}\text{H}{}_{12}\text{? 2}\text{C}\text{S}$ mixture compacts in different contact solutions have been investigated. Temperatures above 20°C do apparently hinder the formation of an impervious felt-like layer of ettringite around the $\text{C}{}_4\text{A}\text{S}\text{H}{}_{12}$ particles, thus greatly reducing the retarding effect of the lime. An uniaxial restraint of 1 Kg/cm² is enough to reduce sensibly the expansions which remain however high (about 100%). The results can be satisfactorily interpreted by the reaction and expansion mechanism hypothesized in our previous papers.     

Raman Study of Glasses of Ba2TiSi2O8 and Ba2TiGe2O8

Raman spectra are reported for fresnoite (Ba₂Ti(Si,Ge)₂O₈ glasses, and comparison is made between the Raman spectra of the corresponding crystalline powders and glasses of Ba₂TiSi₂O₈ and Ba₂TiGe₂O₈. The Ba₂TiGe₂O₈ glass spectra show correspondence with the Ba₂TiGe₂O₈ crystalline Raman spectra; the v _s(Ge–O–Ge) mode occurs at 518 cm⁻¹ in the glass and at 521 cm⁻¹ in the crystalline material. Five-fold coordinated titanium is the majority species present in the Ba₂TiGe₂O₈ glass as revealed by a strong band at 824 cm⁻¹ in the I glass spectrum. The Ba₂TiSi₂O₈ glass spectra are similar to the Ba₂TiSi₂O₈ crystalline spectrum; the strongest band is found at 836 cm⁻¹ in the I glass spectrum. Through comparison with the previous Raman data of other titania silicate glasses, we conclude that the Ba₂TiSi₂O₈ glass has a structure similar to the crystalline phase.     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Effects of metal-support interactions on the hydrogenation of CO over PdSiO2 and PdLa2O3

A study of CO hydrogenation over $\text{Pd}\text{SiO}{}_2$ and $\text{Pd}\text{La}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$ has been carried out for the purpose of identifying the effects of Pd dispersion, Pd morphology, and support composition on the catalytic activity of supported Pd. The specific activity of each catalyst for methanol and methane synthesis was determined from microreactor studies carried out at a fixed set of reaction conditions. Palladium dispersion was measured by H₂O₂ titration, and the morphology of the Pd crystallites, as expressed by the distribution of Pd(100) and Pd(111) planes, was determined from in situ infrared spectra of adsorbed CO. The crystallite morphology of the $\text{Pd}\text{SiO}{}_2$ catalysts is the same, independent of Pd weight loading: 90% of the surface is comprised of Pd(100) planes and 10% of the surface is comprised of Pd(111) planes. By contrast, the crystallite morphology of the $\text{Pd}\text{La}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$ catalysts changes with Pd loading. Primarily Pd(100) planes are exposed at low-weight loadings while Pd(111) planes are exposed at high-weight loadings. The Pd dispersion has little effect on the methanol turnover frequency over both $\text{Pd}\text{SiO}{}_2$ and $\text{Pd}\text{La}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$, for dispersions between 10 and 20%. On the other hand, the methane turnover frequency is independent of Pd dispersion over $\text{Pd}\text{SiO}{}_2$, but increases with decreasing dispersion over $\text{Pd}\text{La}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$. It is further observed that the Pd morphology influences the specific activity of $\text{Pd}\text{La}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$ for methanol synthesis: Pd(100) is nearly threefold more active than Pd(111). For a fixed morphology, the specific methanol synthesis activity of $\text{Pd}\text{La}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$ is a factor of 7.5 greater than that of $\text{Pd}\text{SiO}{}_2$.     

In situ laser raman spectroscopy of the sulfiding of Moγ-Al2O3 catalysts

Raman spectra of sulfided $\text{Mo}\text{γ-}\text{Al}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$ catalysts were obtained using in situ techniques for two sulfiding methods. For samples sulfided by 10% $\text{H}{}_2\text{S}\text{H}{}_2$ at 400 °C, MoS₂ structures were observed. A stepwise sulfiding using 10% $\text{H}{}_2\text{S}\text{H}{}_2$, with spectra recorded at 150, 250, and 350 °C, resulted in observation of molybdenum oxysulfide, reduced molybdate, and surface “MoS₂” phases. Reexposure of these samples to air led to radical modification of the oxysulfide structures as well as transformation of some sulfide phases. A model incorporating terminal and bridging MoS bonding and anion vacancies is proposed. This model is based on the conversion of isolated and aggregated molybdate and MoO₃ species to oxysulfide and reduced molybdenum phases. Conversion of reduced molybdenum phases to sulfides is observed to be slow.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.