微量Ca添加对铸造Mg-Sm-Gd基合金显微组织与力学性能的影响（英文）

主要通过透射电子显微镜、高角度环形暗场扫描透射电子显微镜和拉伸测试研究微量Ca元素对Mg-Sm-Gd-Zn-Zr合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-Sm-Gd-Zn-Zr合金中主要第二相为Zn元素富集的Mg₃RE相,Ca元素添加不仅可以细化晶粒,还可以促进Mg₅RE相和溶质原子富集的层错形成。此外,共格界面表明Mg₃RE相可以作为Mg₅RE相的形核位点,这些均有利于合金力学性能的提高。     

机床主轴的合金化工艺研究

对数控机床主轴用镁合金进行微合金化处理,采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和力学性能测试等手段,研究微合金化元素La和Nd对机床主轴用微观组织、常温力学性能和高温力学性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-Nd合金的常温与高温力学性能要优于Mg-La合金。当Nd含量为2%时,可以取得最佳的常温和高温力学性能。     

AZ91D镁合金激光熔覆Al-Si涂层微观组织及热力学分析

以Al-Si共晶成分合金粉末为熔覆材料在AZ91D镁合金表面进行了激光熔覆试验.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪分析了涂层的微观组织,并利用Thermo-Calc软件分析了涂层的相组成、相成分及结晶转变过程.结果表明,涂层微观组织分为两层,上半层为Al₁₂Mg₁₇基体上均匀分布着Mg₂Si树枝晶和细小的Al₃Mg₂针状相,其结晶过程为液相→液相+Mg₂Si→Mg₂Si+Al₁₂Mg₁₇→Mg₂Si+Al₁₂Mg₁₇+Al₃Mg₂;下半层由Mg₂Si颗粒、α-Mg树枝晶和(α-Mg+Al₁₂Mg₁₇)共晶组织组成,其结晶过程为液相→液相+Mg₂Si→液相+Mg₂Si+α-Mg→Mg₂Si+α-Mg+(α-Mg+ Al₁₂Mg₁₇)共晶组织.研究结果对AZ91D合金表面激光熔覆Al-Si合金涂层微观组织及其转变过程分析具有指导意义.     

AZ33M镁合金激光熔覆Al-Si涂层的组织与性能

利用激光熔覆技术在AZ33M镁合金表面制备了Al-Si涂层,通过采用腐蚀电化学测试结合X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及显微硬度计等对熔覆层微观组织和性能进行了表征。结果表明,熔覆层主要由Mg和Mg₁₇Al₁₂、Mg₂Si及Mg₂Al₃相组成。熔覆层显微组织由柱状树枝晶和方向各异的树枝晶组成。由于第二相强化和细晶强化等原因,制备的Al-Si涂层相比镁合金基体具有更高的硬度。熔覆层的自腐蚀电位相比基体提高了约400 mV,自腐蚀电流降低了一个数量级,熔覆层的耐蚀性明显优于基体镁合金。     

WE43A镁合金补焊组织及性能研究

补焊是提高WE43A镁合金铸件性能和合格率的重要手段。采用体视显微镜、金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪对补焊接头进行组织分析,采用显微硬度计对接头硬度进行测试,同时对补焊接头的疲劳断口进行分析。结果表明：WE43A镁合金补焊后未见明显的热影响区,母材中可见方形的Mg₂₄Y₅相和沉淀强化相Mg₁₄NdY、Mg₃(Y,Nd);焊缝区为等轴晶,从熔合线到中心晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,析出相主要为Mg₂₄Y₅、Mg₁₄Nd₂Y以及Mg₃(Y,Nd)。熔合线两侧母材及焊缝显微硬度均匀,焊缝区硬度较母材低8.13%,这是由于焊缝区析出了大量第二相降低了基体固溶度,以及析出的Mg₃(Y, Nd)相粗大未产生沉淀强化综合作用所致。补焊接头疲劳断口源区和扩展区为准解理特征,源区可见较多扇形花样,扩展区可见大量台阶以及少量的沿晶特征,瞬断区为沿晶+韧窝的混合断裂特征。     

Zn对Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过在Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr合金中添加Zn,采用SEM、XRD及万能拉伸试验机,研究了Zn添加对其铸态组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg、Mg₅(Gd,Y)和Mg₂₄(Y,Gd)5相组成,而添加质量分数为0.5%~1.5%的Zn后,合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg、Mg₅(Gd,Y,Zn)、Mg₂₄(Y,Gd,Zn)₅及Mg₁₂(Gd,Y)Zn相组成。添加0.5%的Zn后,合金的室温力学性能明显提高,当Zn含量高于1.0%后,镁合金的室温力学性能开始逐步降低。当Zn含量为0.5%时,合金具有较佳的综合力学性能,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为197 MPa、160 MPa和4.37%。Zn对Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr合金铸态力学性能的影响与其铸态组织中Mg₅(Gd,Y,Zn)、Mg₂₄(Y,Gd,Zn)₅和Mg₁₂(Gd,Y)Zn第二相及其数量有关。     

La和Nd复合添加对AZ91镁合金铸态组织和性能的影响

利用SEM和XRD等方法研究了总添加量为2.5%(质量分数, 下同)的单加或复合添加La和Nd的AZ91镁合金的铸态显微组织和相组成,并测试和分析了合金的室温力学性能。结果表明：单加或复合添加2.5%的La和Nd使AZ91合金中的β相Mg17Al12数量明显减少。单加La和单加Nd在AZ91合金中形成的稀土相分别是针状的Al11La3和块状的Al2Nd;二者复合加入时两种稀土相同时出现,Al11La3相和Al2Nd相的尺寸较单加时有所减小,其相对含量与两种稀土元素添加量成正比。当复合添加La和Nd时,Al11La3相中的部分La和Al2Nd相中的部分Nd分别被Nd和La置换。相对于单一添加,复合添加La和Nd能更显著地改善AZ91的力学性能。本实验研究的合金中,AZ91+1.0%La+1.5% Nd合金力学性能最好,其铸态合金的抗拉强度和延伸率分别为235 MPa和10%     

稀土微合金化对Mg-9Li-1Zn合金组织性能的影响

通过复合添加0.2%的Y+0.1%的Nd+0.05%的Gd(质量分数,下同)制备了轻质高强Mg-9Li-1Zn-RE合金(LZ91-RE),随后对其进行锻造和冷轧。采用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD、TEM对锻造态和冷轧态LZ91合金和LZ91-RE合金进行组织及物相分析,同时利用拉伸试验机进行力学性能测试。结果表明,LZ91合金组织由α-Mg和β-Li两相组成,添加多元稀土元素后LZ91合金中α相体积分数减少了26.5%,晶粒得到显著细化,同时原位析出了富Y、富Nd、Mg₁₂Nd及Mg₃RE稀土强化相,但存在局部偏聚现象;LZ91-RE合金经过大应变冷轧变形,稀土强化相被破碎细化且分布更加均匀。此外,与LZ91合金相比,锻造态的LZ91-RE合金抗拉强度比LZ91合金提高了13.9%。冷轧态的LZ91-RE合金的抗拉强度比LZ91合金提高了19%,而伸长率只下降了4.4%。     

Mg1/Al1060真空扩散焊接头微观组织演变及性能分析

利用真空扩散焊接技术,实现了工业纯镁Mg1与工业纯铝Al1060的连接.采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、万能力学试验机、显微硬度测试仪、电化学工作站等对扩散反应层的微观组织、物相成分及其性能进行研究.结果表明,Mg/Al真空扩散焊会在接合处生成由镁铝系金属间化合物组成的扩散反应层,随着保温时间延长,反应层的厚度逐渐增加,微观组织形态发生明显变化.扩散初期反应层呈现为单层结构,Mg₂Al₃相会在接合界面优先析出.保温时间达到60 min时,界面会生成Mg₁₇Al₁₂新相层.当保温时间延长至90 min时,反应层演变为三层结构,由Mg₂Al₃层、Mg₁₇Al₁₂层、(Mg₁₇Al₁₂共晶+Mg基固溶体)层组成;随着保温时间延长,接头的剪切强度呈先升高后降低的趋势,在保温60 min时可承受的剪切力达到1 245.7 N,断裂发生在靠近铝侧的Mg₂Al_3...     

Cu添加对Mg-Bi合金铸态组织和沉淀硬化的影响

制备Mg-5Bi-xCu(x=0,0.2,0.5,1.0，质量分数，%)合金铸锭，研究其铸态组织和沉淀硬化行为。结果表明：铸态Mg-Bi-Cu合金主要由α-Mg枝晶、Mg₃Bi₂相、MgCu₂相和Mg₂Cu相组成，Mg₃Bi₂相和α-Mg基体的取向关系为■,Mg₂Cu相和Mg₃Bi₂相之间的取向关系为■。铸态合金硬度随Cu添加量提高先增大后减小，添加0.5%Cu时硬度最高，为(50.9±1.2)HV。固溶态Mg-5Bi-0.5Cu合金硬度为(49.8±0.9)HV。在175℃时效64 h后，硬度达到峰值(56.1±0.7)HV。时效硬度的提高主要是由于高密度Mg₃Bi₂相的沉淀强化作用，且由于Cu元素的添加，长杆状Mg₃Bi₂沉淀相转变为颗粒状和短棒状Mg₃Bi₂     

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金高速激光熔覆Al-Si涂层的组织与性能

采用高速激光熔覆技术在Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金表面制备Al-Si涂层。通过光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及电化学分析测试、摩擦磨损测试对熔覆层的微观组织及性能进行表征,研究了基体与Al-Si涂层的冶金机理以及耐磨耐蚀能力。结果表明,熔覆层组织包括树枝状α-Mg固溶体、不规则块状Mg₂Si、α-Mg+Al₁₂Mg₁₇共晶以及花瓣状组织Al₃Mg₂。由于细晶强化和第二相强化等原因,Al-Si涂层的硬度达到160 HV0.1。此外,与镁合金基体相比,Al-Si涂层的耐腐蚀性能显著提高,自腐蚀电位相比基体提高约200 mV,自腐蚀电流密度降低2个数量级,抗磨损效果提高30.7%,因此Al-Si涂层有望成为稀土镁合金更有前景的耐磨耐蚀防护涂层。     

La-Ce混合稀土对Mg-Al-Mn合金力学性能及耐蚀性能的影响

研究了La-Ce混合稀土对Mg-Al-Mn合金组织形貌、力学性能及耐蚀性的影响。采用T-1200CB坩埚炉冶炼稀土含量(质量分数)分别为4.63%、5.81%、6.18%的Mg-Al-Mn合金。在箱式电阻炉中对研究试样进行430 ℃保温24 h的固溶处理,然后进行200 ℃保温24 h时效处理。对不同热处理状态的试样进行组织观察,对固溶时效后的试样进行拉伸、硬度及盐雾腐蚀试验,从而分析La-Ce混合稀土对Mg-Al-Mn合金显微组织、力学性能及耐蚀性的影响。研究表明,随着合金中的La-Ce混合稀土含量的增加,Mg₁₇Al₁₂相逐渐被Al₄(La, Ce)相代替;硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率都逐渐减小,力学性能下降;合金的腐蚀速率逐渐下降,耐蚀性提高。     

Comparative Study on Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of As-Cast Mg-Zn-Y and Mg-Zn-Gd Alloys

Rare earth (RE) elements have large solid solubility in magnesium and are widely used to regulate the microstructure and property of advanced magnesium alloys. However, different kinds of RE elements have different effects on microstructure and property of the alloy. In this study, a Mg-Zn-Y alloy and a Mg-Zn-Gd alloy with alloying elements of the same atomic percentage were designed to clarify the effect of yttrium (Y) and gadolinium (Gd) on the corrosion behavior of as-cast MgZn₂Y_2.66 and MgZn₂Gd_2.66 alloys. The results show that the MgZn₂Y_2.66 alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg phase and long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase, while MgZn₂Gd_2.66 alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg phase and (Mg, Gd)₃Zn phase (W phase). Generally speaking, the corrosion phenomena of the two alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution are similar. In the early stages of exposure, the alloys underwent uniform corrosion at a relatively low corrosion rate. With prolonged exposure, localized corrosion became dominated and the corrosion rate was greatly increased. However, the corrosion rate of the MgZn₂Y_2.66 alloy, in terms of the corrosion current density, is about one order of magnitude lower than that of the MgZn₂Gd_2.66 alloy. The high corrosion resistance of the MgZn₂Y_2.66 alloy is mainly attributed to the presence of LPSO phase in form of continuous networks and the relatively high corrosion resistance of the corrosion product layer on the alloy.     

Effect of AI content on the phase structure and the hydrogenation characteristic of La（Mg1-xAlx） alloys

La（Mg1-xAlx） （x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8） alloys have been prepared using induction melting followed by annealing. It is found that partial substitution of Mg by Al does not lead to a change in crystal structure, and the alloys have a single LaMg phase when x 〈 0.4. The lattice parameter of the LaMg phase decreases obviously after the partial substitution of Mg by Al. However, further substitution of Mg by Al leads to the coexistence of multiple phases when x ≥ 0.6. The alloys consist of the LaMg, LaAl, LaAl2, and La5Al4 phases. The LaMg phase decreases, whereas the La5Al4 phase increases with the increase in x. The Al-substituted La（Mgo.6Al0.4） alloy can be hydrogenated into the tetragonal LaH3, cubic LaH3, MgH2, and LaPd under 5 MPa at 473 K for 5 d.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al magnesium alloy with yttrium and neodymium

The effects of rare earth (RE) elements Y and Nd on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that a proper level of RE elements can obviously refine the microstructure of Mg-6Al magnesium alloys, reduce the quantity of/β-Mg17Al12 phase and form Al2Y and AI2Nd phases. The combined addition of Y and Nd dramatically enhances the tensile strength of the alloys in the temperature range of 20-175℃. When the content of RE elements is up to 1.8%, the values of tensile strength at room temperature and at 150℃ simultaneously reach their maximum of 253 MPa and 196 MPa, respectively.The main mechanisms of enhancement in the mechanical properties of Mg-6Al alloy with Y and Nd are the grain refining strengthening and the dispersion strengthening.     

Experimental Investigation of the Mg–Zn–Zr Isothermal Section at 400 °C

Mg-Zn-Zr series Mg alloys(ZK) are one of the most important commercial Mg alloys due to their good comprehensive mechanical properties. The phase equilibria of the Mg-Zn-Zr system at 400 ℃ covering the overall composition range were investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalyses on thirteen ternary alloys. Three ternary compounds, τ_1, τ_2 and τ_3, were detected to be thermodynamically stable at 400 ℃, and their homogeneity range was determined to be Mg_((7-17))Zn_((80-88))Zr_((4-6)), Mg_((15-22))Zn_((66-65))Zr_((9-16)) and Mg_9 Zn_(68)Zr_(23)(in at.%), respectively. Eight three-phase regions and four two-phase regions were observed. The maximum solubility of Mg in Zn_(22) Zr, Zn_(39) Zr_5 and Zn_3 Zr phases was measured to be 0.52, 0.37 and 0.99 at.%, respectively, while the solubility of Zr in MgZn_2 and Mg_2 Zn_3 phases is negligible. The isothermal section of the Mg-Zn-Zr system at 400 ℃ was then constructed based on the present experimental data.