基于事故树分析的LNG加气站爆炸风险评估

本课题叙述了LNG加气站的基本情况以及该行业在国内发展的现状。通过事故树分析法FTA,对重庆市四公里LNG汽车加气站的假想爆炸事故进行分析。该课题建立以发生爆炸事故为顶上事件的事故树。它从事故发生因果关系中的顶上事件开始进行,而后分析基本事件。本课题的目的,是找出引起该加气站发生爆炸事故的基本事件及其关联性。通过定性分析和结构重要度排序,得出引起爆炸发生的各种途径和重要度。它有利于对该LNG加气站进行火灾风险评估,并提出有针对性的防控建议。     

基于FTA的输油管道凝管失效可能性研究

根据凝管事故进行统计和分析,确定了引起凝管的最直接原因是停输管道再启动失败和管道运行进入不稳定工作区两方面。并且依据建立故障树的基本原则,选择将"输油管道凝管失效"作为故障树的顶事件。总结了17个基本事件,使用下行法对输油管道凝管失效故障树进行分析,得出故障树的全部15个最小割集,利用最小割集原理对凝管失效故障树进行定性分析,结合改进的专家判断法确定了引起凝管失效的主要影响因素,并针对不同问题提出了相应的解决办法。发生的各基本事件的发生概率,利用最小割集计算故障树顶上事件发生概率,通过概率重要度分析法计算基本事件的概率重要度。     

油库风险事故树分析

油库作为储存原油及石油产品的主要场所,其储存量极大,一旦发生火灾爆炸事故,将对人员、环境、经济造成巨大的危害。然而导致油库发生火灾爆炸事故的因素比较繁杂,且各因素具有不确定性,一一分析将难以分清主次且工作量巨大。事故树通过定性分析顶上事件与基本事件的逻辑关系,确定最小径集,定量分析各基本事件的重要度,找出油库火灾事故隐患的重点部位,并提出相应的调整措施,从而提高油库运行的可靠性。事故树分析法直观、可靠且逻辑性强,可及时针对油库潜在的隐患提供科学防范措施。     

基于模糊事故树的制药企业氯化反应釜火灾、爆炸事故分析

针对制药企业氯化反应釜故障发生概率的不确定性,运用模糊事故树评价法,并结合工程技术人员的实际经验和判断,引入L-R型模糊数,应用正态型隶属函数,对氯化反应釜进行模糊可靠性分析,求出了氯化反应釜火灾、爆炸事故的模糊概率可能性分布;并运用结构重要度系数近似值法对事故树底部事件进行排序分析,确立了氯化反应釜发生火灾、爆炸的最主要因素,为制药企业及时发现氯化反应釜存在的安全隐患,指导设备安全管理和检修维修工作提供科学依据。     

基于事故树分析法的环氧乙烷生产中火灾爆炸事故分析

事故树分析法描述了事故发生和发展的动态过程,便于找出事故的直接和间接原因及原因组合。通过对环氧乙烷生产中火灾爆炸事故树的分析,得出导致事故发生的11个基本事件。利用最小割集、最小径集、求解顶事件发生概率和对基本事件重要度进行分析,确定导致环氧乙烷生产中火灾爆炸事故发生的主导因素,为环氧乙烷生产的安全管理提供了可靠依据。     

英国“邦斯菲尔德”油库火灾事故分析

2015年12月11日发生的英国邦斯菲尔德（Buncefield）油库火灾爆炸事故,从各个因素调查事故原因,采用事故树分析法梳理事故逻辑,得到12个基本事件,通过定性分析邦斯菲尔德油库火灾事故与基本事件的逻辑关系,定量分析得到各基本事件的结构重要度大小,确定此次火灾事故的主要原因是油品泄露和油气浓度达到爆炸极限,潜在原因是油库安全管理制度不完善以及员工整体素质欠缺。     

城镇燃气管道泄漏事故树风险分析

城市燃气管道主要分布在人口和建筑物集中的区域,一旦破坏发生泄漏将对周围的人员及财产造成严重威胁。因此,有必要对其威胁进行风险分析。通过应用一种重要而常用的系统安全分析方法—事故树分析法(FTA)对城镇地下燃气管道遭受第三方破坏所致的泄漏事故进行了分析,建立了相应事故树模型。采用布尔代数化简法计算出事故树最小径集并对各基本原因事件的结构重要度进行排序。结合最小径集包含的各事件及结构重要度排序分析,可以确定事故管理的主要对象,并提出减少事故的措施,为确定安全对策提供可靠依据。     

基于事故树分析法评估图书馆火灾风险研究

文章通过探讨了事故树分析法的应用理论,运用事故树分析了图书馆火灾的起因,同时考虑管理因素对事故发生概率的影响,得出火灾事故的发生概率,并对基本事件进行了重要度分析,为图书馆管理部门提供了科学依据。     

成品油长输管道泄漏事故树风险分析

分析了某在建成品油长输管道投运后可能导致泄漏事故的诸因素,建立了泄漏事故树模型。通过泄漏事故树的最小径集以及基本事件的结构重要度对泄漏事件做了定性分析,识别引起管道泄漏的主要因素,提出了安全防范措施,为更好地实施长输管道安全管理提供重要依据。     

基于三角模糊数的化工生产事故FTA模型

针对化工生产模糊系统,基于三角模糊数和事故树建立事故定量分析模型。运用该模型进行案例分析,确定储油罐体发生火灾爆炸事故的概率分布,得出基本事件的模糊重要度,明确该化工系统危险源分布的状态,指出导致事故发生的最危险路径,以上为企业管理人员制定安全措施提供重要的参考依据。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。